2015年4月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

0083020154

1、【单选题】______grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguagewhile______

peoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.

Prescriptive,descriptive

Descriptive,prescriptive

A:

Synchronic,diachronic

B:

Diachronic,synchronic

C:

答D:案：B

2、【单选题】Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorganiscomplete,the

speechsoundproducewiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingout

againiscalleda（n）______.

fricative

stop

A:

affricate

B:

liquid

C:

答D:案：B

3、【单选题】Initshistoryofdevelopment,Englishhasdroppedquiteafewof

its______affixes；thusintermsofwordendings,itissimplerthansomeother

languagessuchasRussian,French,andGerman.

lexical

derivational

A:

inflectional

B:

morphological

C:

答D:案：C

4、【单选题】Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureof

languageiscalled______

phonology

semantics

A:

morphology

B:

syntax

C:

D:

答案：D

5、【单选题】Thetwowordshorse"and"animal"areinthesenserelationof______.

homonymy

synonymy

A:

hyponymy

B:

antonymy

C:

答D:案：C

6、【单选题】AccordingtoPaulGrice,theCooperativePrincipleisnearlyalways

observedbutthemaximsareoftenviolated.Mostoftheseviolationsgiverise

to______.

conversationalimplicatures

speechacts

A:

illocutionarypoints

B:

constatives

C:

答D:案：A

7、【单选题】Thefollowingarethemajortopicsofhistoricallinguistics

EXCEPT______.

thehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguages

thenatureoflanguagechangeanditscauses

A:

languagevariationindifferentplacesatagivenpointoftime

B:

methodsandtechniquestoreconstructlinguistichistory

C:

答D:案：C

8、【单选题】______isabilingualcountrywhereFrenchandFlemishDutchare

recognizedasofficiallanguages.

Holland

Canada

A:

Finland

B:

Belgium

C:

答D:案：D

9、【单选题】Thefollowingutterance"Ieggsandeatanddrinkcoffeebreakfast

"ismostlikelyproducedbyapatientwhose______isdamaged.

Brocasarea

A:

Wemicke'sarea

angulargyrus

B:

motorarea

C:

答D:案：A

10、【单选题】Accordingtothe______viewoflanguageacquisition,childrenare

believedtograduallyassumecorrectformsofthelanguageoftheircommunity

whentheir"bad"speechgetscorrectedandwhentheirgoodspeechgets

positivelyreinforced

behaviorist

conceptualist

A:

mentalist

B:

nativist

C:

答D:案：A

11、【判断题】Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthe

written.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分：正误判断错误扣全分

12、【判断题】Tonescandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分：正识判断错误扣全分

13、【判断题】Prefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordandmodifythemeaning

ofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FPrefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordandmodifythemeaningof

thestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,

Thereareexceptionstotherule评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全分。纠

正错误不当，酌情扣分

14、【判断题】Traditionally,twomajortypesofsentencesaredistinguished,

namely,simplesentenceandcomplexsentence.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FTraditionally,threemajortypesofsentencesaredistinguished,

namely,simplesentence,coordinate/compoundsentence,andcomplexsentence.评

分标准：答对得2分：正误判断错误扣全分。纠正错误不当，酌情扣分。

15、【判断题】Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全评分。

16、【判断题】Stating,believing,swearingandhypothesizingareamongthemost

typicaloftherepresentatives

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全评分。

17、【判断题】TheOldEnglishword"Engla-land"cametobe

pronounced"England"throughthetionof"la-la”so

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全评分。

18、【判断题】Socialvariationoflanguageisthemostdiscemibleanddefinable

speechvariation.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FRegionalvariationoflanguageisthemostdiscernibleanddefinable

speechvariation.评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全分。纠正错误不当，酌情

扣分

19、【判断题】Ingeneral,thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,

andrespondstosignalsfrom,theleftsideofthebody.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FIngeneral,therighthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,and

respondstosignalsfrom,theleftsideofthebody或Ingeneral,theleft

hemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,the

rightsideofthebody.评分标准：答对得2分：正误判断错误扣全分。纠正错误不

当，酌情扣分。

20、【判断题】InlearningEnglishasasecondlanguage,manyactualerrors,

suchas"goed"and“datas”,areattributabletonegativetransfer.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FInlearningEnglishasasecondlanguage,manyactualerrors,

suchas"goed"and"datas,areattributabletoovergeneralizationinsteadof

negativetransfer评分标准：答对得2分；正误判断错误扣全分。纠正错误不当，酌情

扣分.

21、【问答题】Explainthefollowingdefinitionoflanguage:isasystemof

arbitrarysymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

答案：1）Firstofall,languageisasystem,i.e,elementsoflanguageare

combinedaccordingtorules.Thisexplainswhy"ibik"isnotapossible

soundcombinationinEnglish.2）Second,languageisarbiiraryinthesense

thatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheword"pen"andthethingweuse

towritewith.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthe

sameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.3）

Third,languageisvocalbecausetheprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,

matterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.4）Theterm"human"in

thedefinitionismeanttospecifythatlanguageishuman-specific,i.e,itis

verydifferentfromthecommunicationsystemsotherformsoflifepossess,such

asbirdsongsandbeedances.评分标准：每个要点占2.5分；解释不当，酌情扣

分。

22、【问答题】Explainthethreeactsaspeakermightbeperformingwhenspeaking

accordingtoJohnAustinsnewmodelofspeechacttheory.

答案：1）AccordingtoAustin,aspeakermightbeperformingthree

actssimultaneouslywhenspeaking；locutionaryact,illocutionaryact

andperlocutionaryact.Aperlocutionaryactistheactperformedbyor

resultingfromsayingsomething:itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebrought

aboutbytheutterance；itistheactperformedbysayingsomething.2）A

locutionaryactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,causes.Itistheactof

conveying【itera】meaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.3）An

illocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker'sintention；itisthe

actperformedinsayingsomething.4）Aperlocutionaryactistheact

performedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething；itistheactperformedby

sayingsomething.评分标准：每个要点占2.5分。解释不当，酌情扣分。

23、【填空题】Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage

thatdistinguishitfromany_a_______systemofcommunication.

答案：animal

24、【填空题】A_p_______isaphoneticunit.Itdoesnotnecessarily

distinguishmeaning.

答案：phone

25、【填空题】Phonetically,the_s_______ofacompoundalwaysfallsonthe

firstelement.

答案：stress

26、【填空题】Structurally,asentenceisanindependentunitwhichusually

containsanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

Normallyasentenceconsistsofatleastasubjectandits_p_______

答案：predicate

27、【填空题】_C_______analysisisawayproposedbythestructural

semanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.

答案：Componential

28、【填空题】WhenXisa_c_______itisinvariablyfalse,forexample,My

unmarriedsisterismarriedtoabachelor.

答案：contradiction

29、【填空题】ThehistoryofEnglishlexicalexpansionisonethatis

characterizedwithheavy_b_______andwordformation.

答案：borrowing

30、【填空题】_S_______variationinaperson’sspeed,orwriting,usually

rangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetypeof

communicativesituation.

答案：Stylistic

31、【填空题】Thenotionthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveand

experiencetheworlddifferentlyiscalledlinguistic_r_______

答案：relativism

32、【填空题】Atsomepointinthelatepartofthefirstyearortheearlypart

ofthesecondyear,thebabblingstagegraduallygiveswaytothe

earliestrecognizablestageoflanguage,oftenreferredtoasthe_o_______stage.

答案：one-word

33、【名词解释】parole

答案：ParoleisatermproposedbytheSwisslinguistSaussureearlylast

century,whichisusedtorefertotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.评

分标准：答对得3分：解释不当，酌情扣分

34、【名词解释】tone

答案：Tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingrates

ofvibrationofthevocalcords.

35、【名词解释】freemorpheme

答案：Freemorphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreely

allbythemselves,forexample,moon,table,androom.评分标准：答对得3分；

解释不当或举例出错，酌情扣分

36、【名词解释】combinationalrule

答案：Combinationalrulesrefertotherulesintemalizedinthemindofa

nativespeakerthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.评

分标准：答对得3分：解释不当，酌情扣分，

37、【名词解释】reference

答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physical

world；itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthe

non-linguisticworldofexperience.评分标准：答对得3分：解释不当或举例出

错，酌情扣分

38、【名词解释】context

答案：Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgeshared

bythespeakerandthehearer.Thesharedknowledgeisoftwotypes:the

knowle