Unit1WishyouwerehereGrammarUsageIntegratedSkills课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

Unit1WishyouwerehereGrammarUsage&IntegratedSkillsVocabulary1.surroundingbesurroundedby/with被……环绕/包围surroundvt.环绕，围绕；包围surroundingadj.周围的，附近的surroundingsn.环境练习：Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,_______________(被他的家人团团围住).surroundedbyhisfamily2.harmonyinharmonywith...与……融洽/和睦live/workinharmony和睦/融洽地生活/工作harmoniousadj.(关系）友好和睦的，和谐的练习：Deeplytouched,Nancyfeltextremelyfortunateinlivinginsucha_________(harmony)family.harmonious3.mannerina(n)…manner以……方式tablemanners餐桌礼仪havegood/badmanners有礼貌/没礼貌Itisgood/badmannerstodosth.做某事是礼貌/不礼貌的。练习：ItisgoodmannersforanArab___________(stand)closetohisfriendwhentheyaretalking.tostandLead-inDoyouenhancethegrammarofrestrictiveclause?Comparethetwosentences.1)InthetenprovincesandthreeterritorieswhichmakeupCanada,thereisagreatdiversityingeography.2)TotheeastofthePacificcoastrisethegrandRockyMountains,whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleyscarvedbyiceandwater.What’sthedifferencestowardsthesetwosentences?arestrictiverelativeclauseanon-restrictiverelativeclauseExploringtherulesExploringtherulesReadthearticleonpage6andanswerthefollowingquestion.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftourism?AdvantagesTourismallows________________________________,thusgiving________________________,andbringing_______________________________________.DisadvantagesTouristdestinationsmaybeatrisk___________and__________,withwildlifehabitats__________andthelocalculturereceiving__________________.serviceindustriestogrowconsistentlyjobstothelocalpopulationphysicallyculturallysufferinginsufficientrespectCompletethetable.Findthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxofpartAonpage6.1.Theseindustries,inturn,givejobstothelocalpopulation,whose

welfaredependsontourism.译文：这些产业反过来又为当地居民提供了就业机会，而他们的福利依赖于旅游业。whose:后面的词与先行词是从属关系旅游必需品的价格，如交通、住宿和食物通常也会上涨，这给周围社区带来更多的财富。3.Morenature-centredtouristattractions,where

manandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyimpactedorevendestroyedbythefloodoftourists.更多以自然为中心的旅游景点，人与自然和谐相处，可能会受到游客涌入的极大影响甚至破坏。4.Asresourcesareusedmorerapidlythantheycanbesustained,wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.由于资源的使用速度超过了其可持续性，野生动物栖息地可能会受到影响，这可能危及当地的动植物。当地的节日和习俗，在一个特定的文化中可能具有深刻的意义，可以简单地成为游客的娱乐。WorkingouttherulesRule1:

Weoftenuseanon-restrictiverelativeclausetoadd_______informationto

theantecedent(anoun,pronounornounphrase)inthemainclauseorthemainclause.A_________isusuallyusedtoseparatetheaddingclauseandthemainclause.extra非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词或主句1)InthetenprovincesandthreeterritorieswhichmakeupCanada,thereisagreatdiversityingeography.2)TotheeastofthePacificcoastrisethegrandRockyMountains,whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleyscarvedbyiceandwater.无逗号，限定性定从有逗号，非限定性定从Rule2:

Weusuallyintroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausewitharelativepronounlikewho,whom,whichandwhoseorarelativeadverblikewhenandwhere.Therelativepronounandadverb________(can/cannot)beleftoutinanon-restrictiverelativeclause.cannot非限制性定语从句中不用that不用why,关系词不可省略1)Thesetrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,werecutbygovernment.2)ThetreesIplantedthreeyearsagowerecutbygovernment.有逗号，非限定性定从，关系词不可省略无逗号，限定性定从，省略关系词thatRule3:Wecanuse_________(which/who/where)inanon-restrictiverelativeclausetorefertothemainclauseasawhole.which非限制性定语从句中，可用which指代整个或部分主句指代前面一整件事情

Theprices…too指代前面一整件事情

Asresources…sufferRule4:Inanon-restrictiverelativeclause,wecanput“none/some/many/most/allof”beforerelativepronoun“______”or“_______”toindicateapartofthewhole.whomwhich非限中，whom/which前可加none/some/many/most/allof等修饰词表示部分(1)Manyyoungpeople,manyof_______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2)Ihavebeentomanycities,allof_______haveleftadeepimpressiononme.whomwhichRule5:

Wecanuse______inanon-restrictiverelativeclausetorefertothemainclauseasawholeandthenon-restrictiverelativeclausecanbeplacedbefore,amongorafterthemainclause.asas可修饰整个先行主句,可置于句子任意位置,常译为“正如，这”

Asisknowntoall,theMoontravelsaroundtheEarth.2)Thesalesfigure,ashasbeenmentionedabove,hasbeeninadeclinesincelastyear.Grammar限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用修饰限定（只可修饰先行词）补充说明（可修饰先行词或主句）形式无逗号与主句隔开有逗号与主句隔开意义去掉后，句意不完整去掉后，句意仍完整关系词作宾语时可省略作宾语时不可省略可用that不能用that可用why用forwhich代替why译法先译定语从句，后译先行词，常译为“...的”可译为并列句一、非限制性定语从句构成：Thesetrees

,which(Iplantedthreeyearsago),werecutbygovernment.关系词先行词+,++其他部分指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose二、关系代词的指代关系√√√√√√√主语

宾语宾语主语

宾语主语

宾语定语指地点指原因指时间在定语从句中的作用三、关系副词的指代关系where

(=at/in/···which)when(=at/on/in/during/···which)why(=forwhich)√地点状语√时间状语√原因状语四、非限制定语从句的用法：在非限制性定语从句中,whom、which

前面可以加some/several/afew/many/more/mostof等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。Manypeople,someof__________arenotoverweight,aregoingonadiet.Ihavebeentomanybigcities,allof________haveleftadeepimpressiononme.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,_______________(他们中的大部分)arefromabroad.whomwhichmostofwhom介词+关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。(指物：which;指人：whom)关系代词前介词的确定(1).依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,

IspentallmymoneythatIsaved.(2).依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来进行。Inourclassthereare46students,____________halfwearglasses.(3).根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolorlessgas

wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.onwhichofwhomwithoutwhich当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。①TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese"TheTen-Thousand-liGreatWall",isveryfamousintheworld.长城，汉语称为“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。②Thisismyvideophone,whichwasboughtyesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。①TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese"TheTen-Thousand-liGreatWall",isveryfamousintheworld.长城，汉语称为“万里长城”，在世界上非常出名。②Thisismyvideophone,whichwasboughtyesterday.这是我的可视电话，是昨天买的。先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。Thesun,whichrisesintheeast,givesuslightandheat.太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用forwhich代替why。Wecouldnotgivethereason,forwhichsomanypeoplewerewillingtotakeoutaloan.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。ApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.

MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.

MyfavouriteplacetovisitisalittlevillagenearShanghai,wheremygrandmawasborn.DrLuo,whoisanexpertinChinesehistory,willgiveusatourofBeijing.I’drathervisitEuropeinsummer,whentheweatherisatitsbest.I’mreadingaguidebooktoRome,whichisreallyfascinatingandhelpful.B1B2Completethearticlewiththecorrectnon-restrictiverelativeclausesintheboxbelow.Sustainabletourism,(1)________________________________,isnotjustaboutseeingthesights－itisalsoaboutconnectingwithpeopleandtheircultures,makingapositiveimpactontheplaceswevisitandenhancingopportunitiesforthefuture.So,howcanwebesustainabletourists?Itisimportanttotravelinanenvironmentallyfriendlymanner.Gettingtoatouristdestinationbyairplane,(2)________________________________________,hasahugeimpactontheglobalenvironment.Whileavoidingflyingisnotalwayspractical,wecanhelpimprovetheenvironmentbytravellingonlocalpublictransportorevenonfootwheneverpossible.awhichgreatlyincreasesourcarbonfootprintWhenatthehotel,wecanreduceourimpactbycuttingbackonwaterconsumptionandnothavingourbeddingandtowelswashedeveryday.Wealsoneedtoprotectthelocalculture.Whenvisitingtemplesorchurches,(3)________________________________________,weshoulddressappropriately.d

whereastrictdresscodemayberequiredbwhoarehumanbeingsandnotondisplayB3Inpairs,discussmorewaystobeasustainabletourist,usingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Whenyoutravel,neverbuywildlifeproducts,whicharemadefromanimalskinsorotheranimalparts.ExampleIntegratedSkillListeningNextmonth.TheywilllearnmoreaboutChinesemethodsofeducation.Threedays.Attheendoftheclass.Howmany?Whatactivities?Whichplacetovisit?Wheretoeat?How?HaveaPrediction15attendaconferencegivesomelecturesourcitymuseumalocalrestaurantonfootReadingMsZhaohassuggestedatravelplanaboutShanghaitoherclass.Readitandpayattentiontothetouristattractionsandactivities.ShanghaiTowerTheBundYuGardenXuhuiDistrictDay1Jing’anTempleNanjingRoadShanghaiGrandTheatreShanghaiMuseumDay2thefaint-heartedviewingplatformsgetabird’s-eyeviewofleafystreetsvisitelegantcafesmakeone’swayto...admirethestatueoftheBuddhadosomesouvenirshoppingappreciateamazingantiques,vasesandfurnitureInpairs,discusshowtoarrangeat