英美国家历史与文化-答案

Chapter1LandandHistoryChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)ThefollowingfigureswereoftenconsideredthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicEXCEPT__C_.GeorgeWashingtonB.ThomasJeffersonC.RogerWilliamsD.JohnAdamsThefollowingweresomeofthecharacteristicsofPuritanismEXCEPT_A_.A.ManifestdestinyB.ReligiousfreedomC.IntolerantmoralismD.SeparationofstateandchurchThe1920swasassociatedwiththefollowingEXCEPT__D.A.SilentmoviesB.KuKluxKlanC.ProhibitionD.TelevisionClintonwasthesecondUSpresidenttobeimpeachedbytheHouseofRepresentatives,butretiredinthe_A_.A.TheSenateB.theSupremeCourtC.TheDepartmentofJusticeD.TheFederalReserveWhichofthefollowingdidnottakeplaceintheNixonadministration?BA.VietnamizationB.CubanMissileCrisisC.WatergateScandalD.Re-establishingUSwithChina.MatchtheUSpresidentwiththeeventthattookplaceinhispresidency.(5pointsforeach)AbrahamLincolnea.NewDealFranklinD.Roosevelt.ab.RapiddevelopmentinITIndustryJohnF.Kennedydc.WatergateScandalRichardNixoncd.CubanMissileCrisisBillClintonbe.CivilWarTranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.WhenanAmericansaysthatheloveshiscountry,hemeansnotonlythathelovestheNewEnglandhills,theprairiesglisteninginthesun,thewideandrisingplains,thegreatmountains,andthesea.Hemeansthathelovesaninnerair,aninnerlightinwhichfreedomlivesandinwhichamancandrawthebreathofself-respect.当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。Chapter2GovernmentandPoliticsChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)Congresscanoverridethepresident’svotebya___vote.Atwo-thirdsB.Three-fourthsC.SinglemajorityD.four-fifthsTherearecurrently___SupremeCourtjusticesonthebench.BA.7B.9C.11D.13TheFounderswantedthe___branchtobethedominantbranchofthefederalgovernment.BexecutiveB.legislativeC.JudicialD.mediaAmongtheelectedpoliticalofficials,only___areelectedbyallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.CCongressmanB.Vice-presidentC.PresidentD.StategovernorsWhatisthemostimportantweaponinthehandofSupremeCourt?DVetoB.OverridingavetoC.ImpeachmentD.Judicialreview.Judgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).(5pointsforeach)___F_AfricanAmericanhadtherightstovotein1776.__F__FortheUnitedStates,oneofthebasicprinciplesissocialistdemocracy.__T__Americanpresidenthasnovoteincongress.__F__MostofthebillsintroducedtoCongresscaneventuallybecomelaw._F__WilsonsucceededtopersuadeCongresstoratifytheTreatyofVersailles.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.WhateverchangesinObama’shandlingofforeignaffairs,onethingtobesureaboutisthatthechangesaretacticalinnature.ManyofthegoalspursuedbytheBushadministrationremainunchanged.First,Americawilllead.AsSecretaryofStateHillaryClintonputit,“Thequestionisnotwhetherournationcanorshouldlead,buthowitwillleadinthe21stcentury.”Second,exportofdemocracywillcontinue,butlesswiththehelpofbayonet.Third,militarystrengthanduseofforceareimportant.“Wewillnothesitatetodefendourfriends,ourinterestandalsoallourpeople,vigorouslyandwhennecessarywiththeworld’sstrongestmilitary.不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段，我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。首先，美国将会领导其他国家。正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导，而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。”Chapter4SocialLifeandCultureChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)whichofthefollowingisanon-profitpublictelevisionnetworkintheUS?CABCB.CBSC.PBSD.CNNJazzhasitsrootsinthefollowingEXCEPT___.DWestAfricanmusicalculture.B.AfricanAmericanmusictraditionsC.EuropeanmilitarybandmusicD.AmericannativeIndianmusicwhichisnotincludedinthethemeofcountrymusic?BLoveandromanceB.WarandpeaceC.PastgloriesD.ReligiousbeliefswhichthemeamongthefourwastheLEASTrelevanttoErnestHemingway’sworks?BWarB.RomanceC.DeathD.DisillusionmentwhichoneamongthefollowingwriterswasanAfricanAmerican?BArthurMillerB.ToniMorrisonC.MarkTwainD.J.D.SalingerJudgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).(5pointsforeach)__T_Americanchurchesarenotonlyplaceswhereceremoniesareconducted,butcommunitycentersforpeopletomakefriendswitheachother._F__AmericansobservetheLaborDayonthesamedayastheChinese.__F_Americansonlylikepopularmusicwhilelittleattentionispaidtoclassicalmusic.__T_CountrymusicwasoriginallyplayedandlistenedtobyAmericansfarmers.__T_Rock’n’rollisnotonlyaformofmusicbutalsoalifestyle.3.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.ToniMorrisonisanAfrican-Americannovelist.Herrichlywovenfictionhasgainedherinternationalreputation.Inhernovels,shetreatsthecomplexidentitiesofblackpeopleinauniversalmanner.Andin1993,shewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.InherearlyworkTheBluestEye(1970),astrong-willedyoungblackgirltellsthestoryofPecolaBreedlove,whosurvivesanabusivefather.Pecolabelievesthatherdarkeyesmagicallybecomeblue,andthattheywillmakeherlovable.Morrisonhassaidthatshewascreatingherownsenseofidentityasawriterthroughthisnovel:“IwasPecola,Claudia,everybody.”herotherbooksincludeSula(1973),SongofSolomon(1977),andBeloved(1987).托尼·莫里森是一位著名的非裔美籍小说家。她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球。在她的小说里，她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认知。她与1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖。在其早期的作品《最蓝的眼睛》（1970）中，一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉·布里得拉维的故事。帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色，并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢。莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知。“大家好，我是帕克拉·克劳迪娅。”她其他的作品包括《苏拉》（1973），《所罗门之歌》（1977）和《亲爱的》（1987）。Chapter6LandanHistoryChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)GreatBritainincludesthefollowingEXCEPT___.DEnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland.whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetextaboutLondonasacenterof____?DPoliticsB.CommerceC.CultureD.Industry.3)theitemthatDoomsdaybookdidnotrecordwas___.DLandandpropertyB.MillsandcottagesC.DutiesandlandownersD.Petanimalsthe“gloriousrevolution”of1688put____onthethrone.DCharlesIB.CharlesIIC.JamesIID.WilliamandMary.OliverCromwellruledEnglandforabout___yearsinthe17thcentury.AA.10B.20C.30D.50MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.BenNevisca.thebest-knownriverintheIKTheThamesab.wholedSaxonagainstinvasionbytheVikingsLochNessdc.thehighestpeakintheUKAlfredtheGreatbd.alakeinScottishHighlandsWilliamtheConquerorde.whoruledEnglandfromearly11thcentury.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.Thecityisappreciatedforitsbeautyanditsculturallife,particularlyduringtheworld-famousEdinburghFestival,acollectionofseveralfestivalsofmusicanddramaheldinautumnatvariouscentersinEdinburgh.TheEdinburghMilitaryTattoo(anannualmilitaryparade)isheldintheparadegroundofthecastleforthreeweeksinAugustanSeptember.TheeventisapopulartouristattractionanaddscolortotheEdinburghFestival.这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往，尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间——秋季，在各种各样的中心开展丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节。每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节（一种年度的军队游行）。这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客，同时，也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩。Chapter7GovernmentandPoliticsChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatement.Abilldealingwithfinanceisintroduced____.BIntheHouseofLordsB.IntheHouseofCommonsC.BytheLordChancellorD.BytheHomeofSecretaryThePrimeMinisterleadsin____.ATheCabinetB.TheHouseofOfficeC.ParliamentD.ThejudiciaryTheConservativeandLaborpartiespredominantthegeneralelectioneversince____.BA.1920B.1945C.1950D.1975ThegeneralelectionintheUKisheldevery___years.DTwoB.ThreeC.FourD.FiveStatuelaintheUKconsistsof____.CPracticeincourtB.ConventionC.ActsofParliamentD.CustomsJudgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F)._F___TheCabinetconsistsofonlyimportantdepartmentminsters.__F__OnlytheHouseofCommonscanintroducebills.___T_TonyBlairranthegovernmentinthreetermsinarow.__T__ChancelloroftheExchequerisaCabinetminister.__F__NO.10DowningStreetstandsfortheCabinetwhileBuckinghamPalacestandsforParliament.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.OfficialUKpolicysince1997towardsChinaistoadvanceitscommercialinterestsandtopromote“positive”socialandpoliticalchangeinChina.TheUKretainsapoliticaldialoguewithChinaoverhumanrightsapartfromparticipatinginmultilateraldialoguethroughtheEU.Ineffect,increasingeconomictieswithChinaisseenasbeingthebestwayofintegratingChinaintointernationalsocietyandalsoofbenefitingtheinterestsofUKbusiness.Thebilateraltradeandeconomiccooperationbetweennationshasenjoyedcontinueddevelopment.TheUnitedKingdomremainsChina’slargestinterestinvestorandthesecondlargesttradepartneramongcountries.自1997年起，英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中囯在社会和经济上的改革委中心。除了欧盟的多方会谈外，英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话。事实上，加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式，同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式。中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进。在所有欧盟国家中，英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴。Chapter9SociallifeChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatement.Britishwayoflifehasoftenbeendescribedasbeing___.APeacefulandquietB.UnderdevelopmentC.PoorandmiserableD.MaterializedWhichofthefollowingchangesisNOTaccurateaboutBritishfood?CQualityB.CharacterC.TasteD.ChefsInaBritishpubonecandothefollowingEXCEPT___.BOrderadrinkatthebarOrderfoodatatableTalktostrangersfreelyTalktoothersnoisily.ThesportthatisbeingcriticizedintheUKis____.AFoxhuntingB.FootballC.OpencampingD.HorseracingWhichofthefollowingisaqualitypaper?ADailyTelegraphB.DailyMirrorC.DailyMailD.DailyExpress2.Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).__T__therearerapidgrowthinthepost-warprosperityofBritishsociety.__T__BritishpeopleenjoyfoodfromforeignrestaurantsintheUK.__F__MostoftheBritishholidaysnowarespentbypeopletravelingabroad.___F_Thelowpriceofferedbyout-of-townmallscanbeupsetbythecostofpetrolusedfordrivingthere._F___Mostoftheowner-occupieddwellingshavebeenacquiredwiththeaidfromthegovernment.TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.NewspapersintheUKspeakforclass-basedgroups.Thetwotabloidshaveapredominantlyworking-classreadership,the“qualities”amoremiddle-classandwell-educatedone.AdvertisementsfoeteachersandsocialworkersusuallyappearintheTheGuardianbecauseteachersanssocialworkersareapttoreadTheGuardian,whichsupporttheinterestsofpublicsectoremployees.Incontrast,TheTimesspeaksforwhatusedtobecalledtheestablishment.TheDailyExpressandDailyMailaremoreup-markettabloidsandhaveasociallymorerepresentativereadership.在英国，针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸。通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者，而“品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者。在《卫报》上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告，因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的《卫报》。相反，《时代周刊》则为所谓国家利益机构代言。《每日快报》和《每日邮报》是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者。Chapter11ANationfromSeatoSeaJudgewhethereachofstatementistrue(F)orfalse(F).__F__Inarea,Canadaisthelargestcountryitheworld.___F_Canadahasalwaysbeenrankedinfirstplaceas“themostlivablecountryintheworld.”__T__ThewesternmostprovinceofBritishColumbiaisinthePacificRegion.__T__ThemajorityofpopulationinTorontoisofneitherBritishnorFrenchdescent.__T__ThenewlysetupoftheItaliannavigatorwholandedinNewfoundlandin1497isJohnCabot.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.Canada’sfirstPrimeMinisterca.ChamplainFatherofNewFranceab.OttawaLargestCanadiancitydc.JohnA.MacdonaldTheofficialLanguagesActed.TorontoCapitalcityofCanadabe.PierreE.TrudeanTranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.WhenIthinkofCanada,Ithinkofforestsfilledwithanimals,andvastamountsoftrees.Ithinkofmountainshigh,oflakeswherebeaverslive.WhenIthinkofCanada,Iseehockeyontheice,andbaseballplayersonthefield,holdingourflagwithpride.WhenIthinkofCanada,Ithinkofpeopleproud,tobeofdifferentcultures,IthinkofNiagaraFalls,thenaturalwondersofourland.WhenIthinkofCanada,IseethegreatSkyDome.Iseeaplacethatmanypeoplecanproudlycalltheirhome.Chapter14TheCountryDownUnderChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)Currently,Australia’sbiggesttradingpartneris____.AChinaB.JapanC.TheUSAD.ASEANcountries.AustraliaandChinaestablisheddiplomaticrelationsin____.BA.1971B.1972C.1973D.1974AustraliaisNOTamemberof_____.CAPECB.ANZUSC.ASEAND.WTOWhichofthefollowingisaminoritypartyinAustralianpolitics?DTheAustralianLaborPartyB.TheLiberalPartyC.TheNationalPartyD.TheAustralianGreens.Whichofthefollowingstatementstrue?DThepartythatwinsthemajorityofseatsintheSenateformsthegovernment.ThePrimeMinsterisappointedbytheGovernor-General.TheHouseofRepresentativeshasanequalmembersformeachstate.TheSenatehasanequalnumberofmembersfromeachstate.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.SouthAustraliada.themostisolatedcityintheworld.AustraliaDaycb.themostartificialcityinAustralia“AdvancedAustraliaFair”ec.SurvivedDayfortheindigenouspeopleCanberrabd.aconvict-freecolonyPerthae.nationalanthemofAustraliaTranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.Australiaisthesecondlargestcountryinthesouthernhemisphereintermsofislandarea,neattoBrazil.Itisalsotheonlycountryintheworldthatoccupiesawholecontinent.TheAustraliancontinentisthesmallestofallthecontinents;atthesametimeitisalsothelargestislandintheworld.ThetotalterritoryofAustraliacoversanareaof7’692’024sqkm(AustralianBureauofStatistics,2006).Itisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld,afterRussia,Canada,China,theUnitedStatesandBrazil.就陆地面积而言，澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家。毗邻巴西。它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。澳大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时，它也是世界上最大的岛屿。澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692，024平方千米。（澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据）它是世界上第六大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大，中国,美国和巴西。Chapter17Land,HistoryandPeople.Judgewhethereachstatementistrue(F)orfalse(F).___T_ItwastheVikinginvadersthatgaveIrelanditspresentname.___F_LikeEnglish,IrishGaeilgebelongstoRomanlanguages.__F__Irelanddeclareditselfarepublicin1922.___T_TheTainisthetitlefortheIrishCelt’ssaga.__T__Whenfoundedin1594,TrinityCollege,DublinwasopenonlytoProtestants.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.StBrigidaa.Britishking/queenwhofoundTrinityCollege,DublinMariaEdgeworthcb.Britishking/queenwhofirstsetfootinIreland.HenryIIbc.AuthorofCastleRackrent.HenryVIIIed.CO-founderofanunneryinCountyKildareElizabethIae.Britishking/queenwhoupgradedIrelandfromLordshiptoafullKingdomTranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.Despitethesetensions,mostofthe18thcenturywasaperiodofrelativepeaceincomparisonwiththeprecedingtwohundredyearsandthetwocenturiestofollow.Duringthisperiodthepopulationdoubledtocoverfourmillion,and,whilethistimeisrecalledinfolkmemoryasoneofpoliticaloppressionofthemajorityoftheIrishpopulation,bythelate18thcentury,manyoftheAnglo-Irishrulingclass-onceconsideredtooIrishinEnglandandtooEnglishinIreland,nowbecamequiteadamantlyIrishinIreland.ItisperhapsoneofthegreatestironiesofBritishcolonizationthat,intherevoltsoverthecomingcentury,thosewhoinspiredthemwerelargelyProtestant,well-bornandAnglo-Irishinorigin.除了一些紧张的局势外，相对于