高考英语阅读理解及解析

高考英语阅读理解及解析

高考英语阅读理解及解析

Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariousjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworker’slifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thenvarietyisnotanimportantfactor.

Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportant,andthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.

Anotherveryimportantconsiderationishoweachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonepartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanonelargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisdegreeoftheworkercontributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.

Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoisboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytomakeworkersworkharderaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Increasingtheirpay.

B.Givingthemmoresparetime.

C.Makingtheworkitselfmeaningful.

D.Replacinglargeproductionlineswithsmallones.

2.Thereasonwhyaworkercannothavefreedomindoingthejobinhisownwayisthat_______.

A.themachineryissocomplexthatitshouldbefixed

B.theproductionlinesaretoolargeinmodernfactories

C.thebossescancreateverylittlefreedomofchoicesforworkers

D.themachinesmustbeoperatedstrictlyaccordingtoinstructionsandrules

3.Foraworkeronanassemblylineinacarfactory,thejobisnotenjoyablebecause_______.

A.hecanonlymakeapartofacar

B.hedoesnotknowwhatheisdoing

C.hislifeinsparetimeismoreinteresting

D.theimportanceofhisjobisnotcleartohim

4.Inthearticle,theword“productivity”means_______.

A.theactivityofproducingsomething

B.theproductionvolumeinatimeunit

C.theplanandthemethodofproduction

D.boththequantityandqualityofaproduct

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe_______.

A.ProblemsofModernWorkers

B.MakingJobsMoreInteresting

C.PushingWorkerstoProduceMore

D.HowtoImproveLaborConditions

本文分析的是专家们就如何提高工人劳动生产率的'问题所提出的不同观点。

1.C。推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshorterworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem可推断假如工作本身有意义，更多的钱和更短的工作时间对工人们来说就不那么重要了。因此可推出答案为C。

2.D。推理推断题。依据第2段Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway中mustbeusedinafixedway（必需按固定的方式），可推知答案为D。

3.D。推理推断题。依据第3段Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonepartoftheproduct…工人看到的只是产品的一部分，而没有意识到做出的贡献，即不清晰工作的重要性，因此认为工作不令人开心。由此可推出答案为D。

4.B。推理推断题。推断词义。文章中多次出现这个词。依据第1段第一句howtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive（多产的），怎样使工人的在肯定时间内生产出更多产品。Butdomorevariousjobsleadt