湖北省云学新高考联盟学校2023-2024学年高二年级上册10月联考英语试题

2023年云学新高考联盟学校高二年级10月联考

英语试卷

考试时间：2023年10月18日上午08:00-10:00

时长：120分钟满分：150分

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

1.HowwillFrankgototheamusementpark?

A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.

2.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?

A.Full.B.Thirsty.C.Hungry.

3.Whatmadethewomanfeelsorry?

A.Shemadetheshelfdirty.B.Shebrokethemodelplane.C.Sheforgottobuyagift.

4.Wherewillthewomangonext?

A.Theplayground.B.Theshoppingmall.C.Therestaurant.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.AactorB.Amovie.C.Arace.

第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,

每小题5秒钟：听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.RepairmanandcustomerB.Workmates.C.Neighbors.

7.Whatwillthewomandonext?

A.Updatetheputer.B.Savethefiles.C.Goforlunch.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalibrary.

9.WhydoesPeterrefusetotakeabreak?

A.Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework.B.Hehastoprepareforadebate.C.Hewantstoreadsomebooks.

10.WhatdoesPeterthinkofcollectingtheinformation?

A.Timeconsuming.B.Difficult.C.Enjoyable.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whohasarrivedattheman'shouse?

A.Mina.B.Lily.C.George.

12.Whathappenedtothewoman?

A.Shesetoutlate.B.Shemissedherstop.C.Shegotthewrongdirection.

13.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?

A.Putofftheparty.B.Pickthewomanup.C.Checkthebusroute.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.WhendidMackpletehisjourney?

A.InJanuary.B.InMarch.C.InAugust.

15.WhoinspiredMacktoflyaroundtheworld?

A.Hisfather.B.Hismother.C.Hissister

16.WhatdifficultydidMackmeetinDubai?

A.ItwastoohotB.Thefuelranout.C.Thereweresandstorms.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.HowmanydaysdoestheIntoFilmFestivallast?

A.18.B.19.C.25.

18.WhatisIntoFilm?

A.Afilmpany.B.Acinema.C.Acharity.

19.WhatdoesthefilmAsteroidHuntersfocuson?

A.Adventure.B.History.C.Superpower.

20.Whichfilmisaboutmunityandtogetherness?

A.RoaldDahlsMatildatheMusical.B.LuOvertheWall.C.HocusPocus.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Firsttimer9sguidetoMickey'sNotSoScaryHalloweenParty

There5selectricityintheairduringMickey'sNotSoScaryHalloweenParty,differentfromothertimesofthe

yearatWaltDisneyWorld.GuestsmayenterMagicKingdomasearlyas4p.m.,buttheeventitselfonlylastsfive

hours,from7p.m.untilmidnight.Here'showtomakethemostofit.

1.Setpriorities

Youcan'tdoeverythingatthepartyinfivehours,butyoucanacplisheverythingonyourwishlistifyouset

prioritiesandplanahead.

2.Eatearly

Severalrestaurantsclosewhentheparkclosestodaytimeguests,likePinocchioVillageHausandColumbia

HarborHouse.Itisadvisedtodineearlyinthat4to6p.m.windowbeforetheparty.Anotheroptionistoskip

dinnerandsimplysnackthroughoutthenight.Therearelotsofeventexclusive（独有的）treatstotry.Justknowthat

linescanbelongandmobileorderingisunavailableduringtheparty.

3.ActfastforTRON

TRONLightCycle,whichisthenewestattraction,isavailableonlythroughavirtualqueue.Thequeueopens

at6p.m.Toincreaseyouroddsofgettingaspot,haveeverythingreadyinthefreeMyDisneyExperienceappby

5:59p.m.Then,keepclickingtherefreshbuttonsoyoucanjointhequeuethemomentitopens.

4.Shopstrategically

Partyexclusivesouvenirsareextremelypopularandcansellout.ItalwaysdrawsacrowdatMainStreet,

U.S.A.9sEmporium,buttwootherlocationssellpartysouvenirswithoutthemasses:StarTradersinTomorrowland

andFrontierTradingPostinFrontierland.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneonline?

A.Buyingasouveniratadiscount.B.Orderingtheeventexclusivetreats.

C.GettingaspotforTronLightCycle.D.Findingaviewingspotforthefireworks.

2.Ifyouwanttobuyasouvenirrelatedtotheparty,youcangoto.

A.FrontierTradingPostB.PinocchioVillageHaus

C.ColumbiaHarborHouseD.MyDisneyExperienceapp

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Amagazine.B.Abiography.

C.Atraveljournal.D.Aresearchreport.

【答案】l.C2.A3.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文向游客介绍了如何在迪士尼的万圣节派对中玩的开心。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据ActfastforTRON中的“Toincreaseyouroddsofgettingaspot,haveeverythingreadyinthe

freeMyDisneyExperienceappby5:59p.m.Then,keepclickingtherefreshbuttonsoyoucanjointhequeuethe

momentitopens.（为了增加占据一个位置的几率，请在下午5点59分之前在免费的“我的迪士尼体验”应

用程序中准备好一切。然后，继续单击刷新按钮，以便在队列打开时加入队列）”可知，创极速光轮可以通

过“我的迪士尼体验”这个程序在线排队。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Shopstrategically中的"ItalwaysdrawsacrowdatMainStreet,U.S.A.'sEmporium,buttwo

otherlocationssellpartysouvenirswithoutthemasses:StarTradersinTomorrowlandandFrontierTradingPostin

Frontierland.（在美国的商业街，它总是吸引着一大群人，但另外两家卖派对纪念品的地方却没有这么多人：

明日世界的StarTraders和边境世界的FrontierTradingPost）”可知，要想买到与万圣节派对相关的纪念品，

可以至UFrontierTradingPosto故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合第一段中的^GuestsmayenterMagicKingdomasearlyas4p.m.,butthe

eventitselfonlylastsfivehours,from7p.m.untilmidnight.Here'showtomakethemostofit.（游客可以在下午

4点进入魔法王国，但活动本身只持续5个小时，从晚上7点到午夜。以下是如何充分利用它的方法）”可

知，这篇文章是杂志娱乐版块的内容，给想要在万圣节去迪士尼参加活动的人们一些建议，让大家可以在

有限的时间内玩得更尽兴。因此，文章很可能出自一本杂志。故选A。

B

In1984,Iwasapainfullyinsecureteenagegirlfromadysfunctionalfamily,depressed,underweight,and

rejectedbymyclassmates.Myonlyfortwastobethestagemanageratourschool.

Oneday,actorsfromthefamousOregonShakespeareFestivalcametoperformfortheschool.Oneofthem

wasBarryKraft,andhewasunlikeanyoneI'devermet.AsIranaroundbackstagehelpinghim,hetreatedmewith

friendlinessandrespectthathewouldshowforfriendsinhislivingroom.

Heshowedupatourdramaclassandaskedeveryonetonarrateamonologue（独白）.Tomyshock,hetookme

asideafterclassandsaid,“Yourmonologuewasthebest.Thatwasreallyverygood.,,

Imadeitthroughgraduationandgotacceptedtocollege.Thatsummer,ItraveledwithafriendtoseeMr.

Kraftperform.Duringoneperformance,Igatheredupmycourageanddroppedhimanoteduringthebreak,saying

Iwasvisitingandifhelookedhecouldseeus.AlmostimmediatelyIregrettedsendingthenote.Ithoughtitwas

themostpresumptuous（留失的）thingIhadeverdone.

Attheendoftheshow,hewaswaitingforme!Hesmiledbroadlyandgavemeahug.Thenhesaid,“Would

youliketovisitbackstage?^^Andoffwewent.Everytimewemetsomeone,heintroducedmeandsaid,"She'sa

verygoodperformerwhowasahugehelptomeatherschoolvisit.”

Itisdifficulttodescribehowimportantthisman'sattentionwastome.Asuccessfulactordoesn'thavetogive

adepressedteenagerthetimeofday,buthedidfarmore.Myconfidencehadjustincreased800percent.Iamnow

ahappilymarriedprofessional,andwheneverInoticeateenagerinneed,IrememberBarryKraft.Hesawa

teenagerinneedofattentionandsupport,andhetookthetimetohelp.SonowItakethetime,too.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.Shewaslovedbyherparents.B.Shefeltleftoutbyherclassmates.

C.Shesufferedterriblyfromstagefright.D.Shewastroubledbytheissueofoverweight.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBarryKraft?

A.Friendlyandconsiderate.B.Intelligentandpatient.

C.mittedandgenerous.D.Confidentandenergetic.

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theauthorwillcontinuewithhereducation.

B.BarryKraftwillteamupwiththeauthor.

C.BarryKraftinspiredtheauthortostudydrama.

D.Theauthorwillmakeeffortstoassistteenagers.

7.Whafsthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tointroduceafamousactor.

B.Toencouragepeopletooveredifficulties.

C.Tosharetheauthor'sexperienceanditsimpactonher.

D.Toexplainthereasonwhytheauthorlovesstagemanagement.

【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记述文。讲述了作者在青少年时期的自卑和孤独感，但通过遇到著名演员BarryKraft的

关注和支持，作者的自信心得到提升，并最终走上了成功的道路。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“In1984,1wasapainfullyinsecureteenagegirlfromadysfunctionalfamily,depressed,

underweight,andrejectedbymyclassmates.（1984年，我还是一个痛苦的没有安全感的少女，来自一个不正常

的家庭，情绪低落，体重过轻，被同学们排斥。）”可知，作者感到被同学排斥，因此她感到被孤立。故选

Bo

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段uOneofthemwasBarryKraft,andhewasunlikeanyonerdevermet.AsIranaround

backstagehelpinghim,hetreatedmewithfriendlinessandrespectthathewouldshowforfriendsinhisliving

room.（其中一个是BarryKraft,他和我见过的任何人都不一样。当我在后台跑来跑去帮助他时，他对我很友

好，很尊重，就像他在客厅里对待朋友一样。）”和第三段uTomyshock,hetookmeasideafterclassandsaid,

“Yourmonologuewasthebest.Thatwasreallyverygood."（令我震惊的是，下课后他把我叫到一边说:“你的独

白是最棒的。这真的非常好」）”可知BarryKraft对作者友好和尊重，并对她的表演给予肯定。这表明Barry

Kraft是友好且体贴的人。故选A。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Myconfidencehadjustincreased800percent.Iamnowahappilymarried

professional,andwheneverInoticeateenagerinneed,IrememberBarryKraft.Hesawateenagerinneedof

attentionandsupport,andhetookthetimetohelp.SonowItakethetime,too.（我的信心增力口T800%。我现在是

一名幸福的已婚专业人士，每当我注意到有需要的青少年时，我就会想起BarryKraft。他看到了一个需要关

注和支持的青少年，他花时间去帮助他。所以现在我也会花时间。）”可知BarryKraft对作者的关注和支持

影响了她，所以推断作者也会致力于帮助青少年。故选D。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过分享作者的经历和描述BarryKraft对她的影响，强调了他给予作者

关注和支持的重要性。故可以根据文章整体内容推断出，文章的目的是分享作者的经历和经历对她的影响。

故选C。

C

Inwhatisbelievedtobeaworldfirst,UniversityofSouthAustraliaresearchershavedesignedaselfsufficient

solardrivensystemthatevaporates（蒸发）seawaterandrecyclesitintofreshwater,growingcropswithoutany

humanintervention.Itcouldhelpaddressglobalfoodshortagesinthedecadesahead,withtheworld'spopulation

expectedtoreach10billionby2050.

ProfessorHaolanXuandDrGaryOwensfromUniSA'sFutureIndustriesInstitutehavedevelopedthevertical

（垂直的）floatingseafarmwhichconsistsoftwoparts:anupperlayerroomsimilartoaglasshouseandalower

waterharvestroom.

“Inthiscase,cleanwaterissuppliedbyalineofsolarevaporatorsthatabsorbtheseawater,trapthesaltsinthe

evaporatorbodyand,underthesun'srays,releasecleanwatervapour(a)intotheairwhichisthenconcentratedon

waterbeltsandtransportedtotheupperplantgrowthpart."DrOwenssaid.

Thesystem,whichispoweredonlybysolarlight,hasseveraladvantagesoverothersolarseafarmdesigns

currentlybeingtrialled,accordingtoProfessorXu."Otherdesignshavebuildevaporatorsinsidethegrowthroom

whichtakesupvaluablespacethatcouldotherwisebeusedforplantgrowth.Also,thesesystemsareverylikelyto

sufferfromoverheatingandcropdeath,“ProfessorXusays.

“Inourdesign,theverticaldistribution(分布)ofevaporatorandgrowthroomdecreasesthedevice'soverall

footprint,maximizingtheareaforfoodproduction.Itisfullyautomatic,lowcost,andextremelyeasytooperate,

usingonlysolarenergyandseawatertoproducecleanwaterandgrowcrops.^^

DrOwenssaystheirdesignisonlyproofbfconceptatthisstage,butthenextstepistoscaleitupusingasmall

lineofindividualdevicestoincreaseplantproduction.Meetinglargerfoodsupplyneedswillmeanincreasingboth

thesizeandnumberofdevices.

8.Whatcantheverticalfloatingseafarmsystemdo?

AAddresstheproblemofseapollution.

B.Dealwiththeproblemoffoodshortage.

C.Raiseawarenessaboutglobalfoodsafety.

D.Assistfishermenwithintelligentfishingtechniques.

9.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?

A.Themakeupofthesystem.B.Thedistinctadvantagesofthesystem.

C.Theworkingprincipleofthesystem.D.Theapplicationprospectsofthesystem.

10.paredtoothersolarseafarmdesigns,theverticalseafarm.

A.ismoredifficulttomaintainB.makesthemostofthespace

C.reliesonwindpowerforoperationD.islikelytobeaffectedbycroploss

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“scaleitup"mean?

A.Expand.B.Reduce.C.Revise.D.Promote.

【答案】8.B9.C10.BII.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了一种自给自足的太阳能驱动系统，通过蒸发海水并将其循环

利用为淡水，实现无人介入的农作物种植。这种系统有助于解决未来几十年全球粮食短缺的问题。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Itcouldhelpaddressglobalfoodshortagesinthedecadesahead,withtheworld's

populationexpectedtoreach10billionby2050.（它可以帮助解决未来几十年的全球粮食短缺问题，到2050年

世界人口预计将达到100亿）”可知，垂直浮动海洋农场可以在未来几十年内解决全球粮食短缺问题。故选

Bo

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“"Inthiscase,cleanwaterissuppliedbyalineofsolarevaporatorsthatabsorbthe

seawater,trapthesaltsintheevaporatorbodyand,underthesun'srays,releasecleanwatervapour（a）intotheair

whichisthenconcentratedonwaterbeltsandtransportedtotheupperplantgrowthpart."DrOwenssaid.（“在这

种情况下，清洁的水由一系列太阳能蒸发器提供，这些蒸发器吸收海水，将盐捕获在蒸发器体内，并在太

阳光线下将清洁的水蒸气释放到空气中，然后将其集中在水带上并输送到上部植物生长部分。”欧文斯博

士说。）”可知，本段主要讲的是系统的工作原理，即使用太阳能蒸发器来处理海水并产生清洁水蒸气，然

后通过水带进行集中，并输送到植物的上部生长部分。因此，选项C项：Theworkingprincipleofthe

system（系统的工作原理）最符合。故选C。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Otherdesignshavebuildevaporatorsinsidethegrowthroomwhichtakesupvaluable

spacethatcouldotherwisebeusedforplantgrowth.Also,thesesystemsareverylikelytosufferfromoverheating

andcropdeath（其他的设计是在生长室内建造蒸发器，这占用了原本可以用于植物生长的宝贵空间。此外，

这些系统很可能遭受过热和作物死亡）”可知，与其他太阳能海洋农场设计相比，垂直海洋农场更好地利用

了空间。故选B。

【11题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线处后句“usingasmalllineofindividualdevicestoincreaseplantproduction.Meeting

largerfoodsupplyneedswillmeanincreasingboththesizeandnumberofdevices.（使用单个设备的小生产线来

增加工厂产量。满足更大的食品供应需求将意味着增加设备的尺寸和数量）”可知，该设计目前仅是概念验

证阶段，下一步是将其扩大规模，使用一条小型的设备线提高植物产量。满足更大的食品供应需求意味着

需要增加设备的大小和数量。所以，“scaleitup”的意思是扩大。因此，故选A。

D

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallow（I帛花糖）test.Inthis

task,kidsaregivenasingletreat,suchasamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,or

theycanwaitalittlewhile,andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidscatthemarshmallowimmediately,but

mosttrytheirbesttowaitfortheexperimentertoebackwithtwomarshmallows.

Waittimesinthemarshmallowtestcametobeseenasindicatorsofselfcontrol.Butwhatifthebehaviorinthe

marshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnorms(准贝U)thanselfcontrol?A2022studybyYanaokatestedthe

ideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforin

theirculture.IntheUnitedStates(withsomeexceptions),thereisnowidespreadcustomofwaitinguntileveryone

isservedtoeatyourfood.However,inJapan,thereisamealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryonehasbeenserved

beforeanyonedigsin.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchersassumedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerinthe

marshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfound.Theresearchersdidaclever

followupexperiment.TheyfoundonefieldwherechildrenintheU.S.areaccustomedtowaitinglongerthan

Japanesechildrenare:Openingpresents.IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasions,suchasbirthdays

andChristmas.Ontheseoccasions,childrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycanopentheirpresents.InJapan,

however,giftgivinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresentsimmediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,YanaokaexpectedthatiftheyranthemarshmallowtestwithJapaneseand

Americankids,buttheyreplacedmarshmallowswithpackagedgifts,thenAmericankidswouldwaitlongerto

openthem.Onceagain,theirassumptionwascorrect.Whenthepotentialrewardswerepackagedgiftsinsteadof

food,Americanchildrenwaited15minutesonaverage,andJapanesechildrenwaitedaboutfourminuteson

average.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfourminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutthenwaitsalmostfourtimeslongerto

openagift,canwereallysaythatthatchildlacksselfcontrol?Idon'tthinkso.

12.Whatisthemainfactorthatinfluenceschildren'sbehaviorintheexperiments?

A.Selfcontrol.B.Parentalinfluence.

C.Culturalnorms.D.Rewardpreferences.

13.WhatdidthestudyfindaboutAmericanchildren?

A.Theyoftenreceivegifts.B.Theydisplayhigherselfcontrol.

C.Theyprefergiftstofoodrewards.D.Theytendtowaitlongertoopengifts.

14.HowdidYanaokaconductthefollowupexperiment?

A.Byreferringtodata.B.Bymakingaparison.

C.Byintroducingaconcept.D.Bypresentinganargument.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsYariaoka'sstudy?

A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个研究，该研究探讨了文化对儿童行为的影响。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithcultural

norms（准贝I）thanselfcontrol?A2022studybyYanaokatestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowait

forrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.IntheUnitedStates（withsome

exceptions）,thereisnowidespreadcustomofwaitinguntileveryoneisservedtoeatyourfood.However,inJapan,

thereisamealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryonehasbeenservedbeforeanyonedigsin.（但是，如果棉花糖测

试中的行为更多地与文化规范有关，而不是自我控制呢?Yanaoka在2022年进行的一项研究测试了这样一种

观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的时间来决定等待奖励的时间。在美国（除了一些例

外），没有普遍的习惯是等到每个人都上桌了再吃你的食物。然而，在日本，有一个用餐时间的习俗，那就

是等到所有人都被端上来后再开始吃。）"Yanaoka的研究表明文化准则是影响孩子行为的主要因素。故选

Co

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Giventheseculturaldifferences,Yanaokaexpectedthatiftheyranthe

marshmallowtestwithJapaneseandAmericankids,buttheyreplacedmarshmallowswithpackagedgifts,then

Americankidswouldwaitlongertoopenthem.Onceagain,theirassumptionwascorrect.Whenthepotential

rewardswerepackagedgiftsinsteadoffood,Americanchildrenwaited15minutesonaverage,andJapanese

childrenwaitedaboutfourminutesonaverage.（考虑到这些文化差异，Yanaoka预计，如果他们对日本和美国

的孩子进行棉花糖测试，但他们用包装好的礼物代替棉花糖，那么美国孩子会等更长的时间才打开棉花糖。

再一次，他们的假设是正确的。当潜在的奖励是包装好的礼物而不是食物时，美国孩子平均等待15分钟，

日本孩子平均等待4分钟。）”可知美国儿童倾向于等更长的时间来打开礼物，故选D。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章中提到的Yanaoka通过比较美国和日本孩子在棉花糖实验和礼物实验中的等待时间，

来进行后续实验证明他们的假设。因此Yanaoka通过比较进行实验的，故选B。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabit

inshapingbehavior.Ifachildwaitsonlyfourminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutthenwaitsalmost

fourtimeslongertoopenagift,canwereallysaythatthatchildlacksselfcontrol?Idon'tthinkso.（这是——个强有

力的结果，因为它证明了文化和习惯在塑造行为方面的重要性。如果一个孩子在放弃两块棉花糖前只等了

四分钟，但在打开礼物时却等了几乎四倍的时间，我们真的能说这个孩子缺乏自制力吗?我不这么想。）”可

知作者认为这个研究强有力地证明了文化和习惯对行为的塑造的重要性，并质疑了是否可以单纯地将孩子

的行为归因于缺乏自控能力。因此，可以说作者对Yanaoka的研究持赞同态度。故选D。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Doyouwanttolearnthematerialyou'restudyinglike,reallylearnit?16Onelearningtheorysuggests

thatifyouoverleam,you'llgaintheabilitytodosomethingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit-andeventually

obtainmoreknowledge.Here'swhatoverlearningisandhowtodoit.

Whatisoverlearning?

Simplyput,overlearningmeansstudyingsomethingevenonceyou'resureyouknowit.Don'tstopreviewing

orstudyingjustbecauseyousucceededinmemorizingsomething.17

Thepurposeofoverlearningistomakethetaskeasytoensureitispletedtoahighstandardwithnostress.For

example,astudentwantstopasstheirspellingtestwhichhas10words.Knowingaboutoverlearning,shedoesn't

justmemorizeeachword,butalsolearnsabouttheoriginsofeachword.18Similarly,ateacherwantingto

learnaboutteachingstrategiesmightnotsimplyreadonebooktheymayreadtenbooks,watchvideos,attend

lectures（andmaybeevenwritetheirownbook）.

Howdoyouoverlearn?

19Forinstance,whenusingtheLeitnermethod,alwaysreviewalltheflashcardsyou9reassignedona

particularday,evenifyoufeellikepassingoverthembecauseyougotthemrightlasttime.Repeatedlygoingover

materialyouknowwellisthekeytooverlearningandeventualautomaticrecall.

Scheduleblocksoftimeinyourweekforreviewingmaterialsyou'vealreadymastered.20Continually

reintroducingfamiliarideastoyourselfwilldigthemdeeperintoyourlongtermmemory.

A.Overlearninghasseveralbenefits.

B.Thenwhatyouneedtodoisoverleamit.

CReviewmaterialyoualreadyknowfronttoback.

D.Thistakestime,butitmakesthespellingtestawalkinthepark.

E.Insteadkeepgoing,diggingitdeeperanddeeperintoyourbrain.

F.Inreallife,wesometimeswanttolearnmorethanonesimilartask.

G.Thiscanbeaseasyas.rereadingyournotes,orasplexastakingpracticetests.

【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.C20.G

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了过度学习overlearning的概念和方法。

【详解】1.上一句提出问题“Doyouwanttolearnthematerialyou'restudying—like,reallylearnit?''（你想

学习你正在学习的材料吗？比如，真正地学习它？），空应该是对这个问题的回答，并引出文章话题

overlearning,B项“那你需要做的就是过度学习。”符合。故选B。

2.前一句Don'tstopreviewingorstudyingjustbecauseyousucceededinmemorizingsomething."（不要因为

你成功地记住了某些东西就停止复习或学习）指出，不要因为已经记得某些东西就停止复习，后面紧接着

应该是要怎么做。选项E“相反，继续深入挖掘你的大脑。”告诉我们要继续复习，将其深入脑中。其中it

就指代前一句的something,故选E。

3.上一句"Knowingaboutoverlearning,shedoesn'tjustmemorizeeachword,butalsolearnsabouttheoriginsof

eachword."（了解过度学习，她不仅能记住每个单词，还能了解每个单词的起源）指出要了解过度学习，

下文“Similarly,ateacherwantingtolearnaboutteachingstrategiesmightnotsimplyreadonebooktheymayread

tenbooks,watchvideos,attendlectures（andmaybeevenwritetheirownbook）.”（同样的，一个想要学习教学

策略的老师可能不仅仅是读一本书一一他们可能会读十本书，看视频，听讲座（甚至可能写自己的书）。）举

例子说明了解过度学习就像老师学习教学策略一样，花很多时间，选项D“这需要时间，但它使拼写测试

在公园散步时就做了。”符合，其中的this指代前一句的做法很费时间，同时spellingtest为词汇复现。故

选D。

4.根据文章“Howdoyouoverlearn?"（你如何过度学习？）下面两段可知，文章就如何过度学习给出了两

种建议。段首句应为祈使句。选项C“从头到尾复习你已经知道的材料。”和后面的具体事例"Forinstance,

whenusingtheLeitnermethod,alwaysreviewalltheflashcardsyou'reassignedonaparticularday,evenifyou

feellikepassingoverthembecauseyougotthemrightlasttime.Repeatedlygoingovermaterialyouknowwellis

thekeytooverlearningandeventualautomaticrecall."（例如，当使用Leitner方法时，总是回顾你在某一天

分配给你的所有抽认卡，即使你觉得因为你上次做对了而想要忽略它们。反复阅读你熟悉的材料是过度学

习和最终自动回忆的关键。）相匹配，即在复习闪卡时，不要跳过已经会的，而是要从头到尾都复习一遍。

故选C。

5.前——句"Scheduleblocksoftimeinyourweekforreviewingmaterialsyou'vealreadymastered.（在你的一

周中安排一些时间来复习你已经掌握的材料。）说要计划用成块的时间来复习所学，空处承接上文，对此进

行说明，介绍该如何做，G项“这可以像重读笔记一样简单，也可以像参加模拟考试一样复杂。”符合。

故选G。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Atage37,1wasdiagnosed(诊断)withParkinson'sDisease.Thediagnosis21usquitehard.

Thatsummer,mywifediscoveredanannualcharitybicycleride,theSeattletoPortland(STP)ride,a200mile

ridefromSeattle,toPortland.OneofthecharitiestheSTPraises22foristheNorthwestParkinson's

Foundation.Thislocalfoundation23Parkinson'sresearch.Kathrynhadneverbeenabicyclist,soIwas

surprisedwhenshe24.Theridewasnoteasy.

Herbicyclewasold,heavy,25,andhardtoride.PeoplesuggestedthatKathryn26anewer,

lighterbike,butshedidn't.

Kathrynfoundonefriendtoridewithandwentononlyafew27rides.ThenoneSaturdaymorningin

July,she28heroldbicycleandrodetoPortlandoverthenexttwodays.Thatyearsheraisedover$1000.

IwasgladKathrynwasenthusiasticabouttherideandhadbeeafundraiser,butdidn'treally29why

shetookpartuntilIheardherexplainittosomefriendsofours.Shetoldthemthattheridewasoneofthe

30thingsshehadeverdone.Shesaidshedidn'tevenlikebikeriding.Withtearsinhereyes,shesaidthat

shediditbecauseitwasoneoftheonlywaysshecouldhelptomakea(n)3]in