专升本英语(阅读)模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)全部题型5.ReadingComprehensionPartIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthisparttherearefourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyanumberofcomprehensionquestions.Readthepassagesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Then,markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor.HegaveusanexampleoftheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,andafifthgivesitahead.Justtomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedifferentoperations.Theworkofmakingpinsisdividedintoabouteighteendifferentoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsaworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,theycertainlycouldnothavemadetwentypinsinadayandnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthis,buthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentanditaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1．Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto______.A．takeadvantageofthephysicallaborB．introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC．understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD．explainthebadcausesofthedivisionoflabor正确答案：C解析：根据文章的第一段第一句话：AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor．可知劳动分工的重要性也就是劳动分工对生产效率的作用、影响。所以C为正确答案。知识模块：阅读理解2．AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor______.A．enabledeachworkertodesignpinsmorequicklyB．increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC．increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD．improvedthequalityofpinsproduced正确答案：B解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握及对全文的概括总结能力。答案对应于文章的第三段，通过数据史密斯说明了劳动分工极大地提高了生产效率，增加了产量。只有B项符合文意。知识模块：阅读理解3．AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto______.A．showtheadvantagesoftheoldlaborsystemB．stresshowpowerfultheindividualworkerwasC．showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborD．stresstheimportanceofincreasedproduction正确答案：C解析：通过上题分析，很容易得出答案。且A、B、D原文都明显没有提到。所以C为正确答案。知识模块：阅读理解4．Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatthedivisionoflabor______.A．wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB．wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC．finallyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD．increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods正确答案：C解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。答案对应于文章最后一段第三句话：…buthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment…所以C为正确选项。知识模块：阅读理解5．Accordingtothewriter,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Divisionoflaborcanenablefewerpeopletomakemorepins.B．Divisionoflaborhelpspeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.C．Divisionoflaborisbynomeansresponsibleforeconomicgrowth.D．Divisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.正确答案：C解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。关键在bynomeans(绝不)这个词组上。从题的分析看，劳动分工本身不能保证经济增长，但不能就因此说劳动分工根本不能促进经济增长。故选C项。知识模块：阅读理解Whenwetalkaboutintelligencewedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyinaneworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.Forinstance,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyisn’tsurehowitwillallworkout,butatleasthetries.And,ifhecan’tmakethingsworkoutright,hedoesn’tfeelashamedthathefailed;hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentperson,evenifheisveryyoung,hasaspecialoutlookonlife,aspecialfeelingaboutlife,andknowshowhefitsintoit.Ifyoulookatchildren,you’llseegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecall“bright”childrenand”not-bright”children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlifeandhetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.But,theunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfandhisowndream-world;heseemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.6．Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceis______.A．theabilitytostudywellB．theabilitytodowellinschoolC．theabilitytodealwithlifeD．theabilitytogethighscoresonsometests正确答案：C解析：从文章的第一段可知智力不是指某人在智力测验中获得高分，也不是指在学校里成绩优异，而是指人的生活、行为方式，尤其是面对新的环境或困境时。因此智力是指应对生活的能力。知识模块：阅读理解7．Inanewsituation,anintelligentperson______.A．knowsmoreaboutwhatmighthappentohimB．issureoftheresulthewillgetC．concentratesonwhattodoaboutthesituationD．caresmoreabouthimself正确答案：C解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…wheninanewsituation，anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation，notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim．Hetriestofindoutallhecan，andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit．”因此面对新的局面，智商高的人会想着如何去应对。知识模块：阅读理解8．Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould______.A．trynottofeelashamedB．learnfromhisexperiencesC．trytoregretasmuchaspossibleD．makesurewhatresulthewouldget正确答案：B解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…ifhecan’tmakethingsworkoutright，hedoesn’tfeelashamedthathefailed；hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes．”因此，如果一个聪明人失败了，他会从失败中学到东西。知识模块：阅读理解9．Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren______.A．aretwodifferenttypesofchildrenB．aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofclevernessC．havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinkingD．havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld正确答案：A解析：答案在文章的最后一段。“Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople，notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence．”因此聪明和不聪明的孩子实际是两种不同类型的人。知识模块：阅读理解10．Theauthorofthispassagewillprobablycontinuetotalkabout______.A．howtodeterminewhatintelligenceisB．howeducationshouldbefoundC．howtosolvepracticalproblemsD．howanunintelligentpersonshouldbetaught正确答案：D解析：文章前两段分别谈到了聪明人的行为表现，并举例说明了他们失败后会怎样；最后一段谈到聪明和不聪明的孩子实际上是两种不同类型的人，因此可以断定下面应该谈如何教育不聪明的孩子了。知识模块：阅读理解Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenamanagergetsanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarA,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared;the“life-enriching”level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,thefeeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled“luxury”items.Amongthenarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.11．Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.A．hehassavedupenoughmoneyB．hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelterC．hehassatisfiedhishungerD．hehaslearnedtobuildhouses正确答案：C解析：本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。知识模块：阅读理解12．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,mostAmericans______.A．wereveryrichB．livedinpovertyC．hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevelsD．didnotownautomobiles正确答案：D解析：文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。A项“很富有”，意思不明。B项“生活在贫困中”，不符合文意。C项“满足了前三个层次的需求”，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。知识模块：阅读理解13．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto“physicalsatisfaction”?A．Asuccessfulcareer.B．Acomfortablehome.C．Agoodmeal.D．Afamilycar.正确答案：A解析：本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说physicalsatisfaction包括食物、舒适、安全感、交通工具，在B、C、D中都有体现。故选A。知识模块：阅读理解14．Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?A．Themoregoodsthebetter.B．Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.C．Themore“luxury”itemsthebetter.D．Themoreearningsthebetter.正确答案：B解析：本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第三句说到：“…thislevelstressesmentalneeds…”，也就是说第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B。知识模块：阅读理解15．Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel______.A．wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevelB．maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfourC．canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevelD．willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions正确答案：B解析：本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。先看A项“比第四个层次要好一些”，意思含糊。C项“是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次”，太绝对。D项“在政府采取行动之前就能实现”，不合文意。文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。而B项的意思是“比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有”，这是正确的。知识模块：阅读理解Newspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastheywereinthepast.Therearenotverymanypeoplewhoseriouslyreadanewspapereveryday.Mostpeoplereadonlythesportspages,theadviceorgossipcolumns,thecomics,andperhapstheclassifiedadvertisements.Mostpeopledon’ttakethetimetoreadtherealnews.Newspapereditorssaythattheirreadersarelazy.Theysaytheyhavetotrickpeopleintoreadingthenews.Theyattempttocatchthereader’sinterestwithpicturesandexcitingheadlines.Thesetechniquesareusedonthefrontpagebecauseitisthefirstthingyouseewhenyoupickupthepaper.Thefirstpageattractsattentionandencouragesthereadertolookthroughtherestofthepaper.Thisiswhyeditorsalwayslookforagoodfirstpagestoryandheadlinesthatmakeyoustopandlook.Iftheheadlineishorribleenoughorfrighteningenoughorwildenough,perhapsyouwillgoontoreadtherestofthestory.Justthesame,therearealotofpeoplewhodonotevenreadthefrontpageanymore.Theymayreadtheheadlines,butthatisall.Thentheyturntothesportspage,orcomics,oradvertisements.Itseemsthatpeopledonotwantthenewsfromanewspaperanymore.Theysaytheygetthenewsonthetelevisionnow.Morepeoplewatchtelevisionnewsbecauseitiseasierandmoreinterestingthanreadinganewspaper.Whataboutyou?Doyoureadnewsfromanewspaper?Doyouwatchthenewsontelevision?Doyouthinkiteasiertogetthenewsfromtelevision?Doyoulistentotheradio?Ordoyouevencareaboutnewsatall?Wouldyoumindiftherewerenonews?16．Accordingtothewriter,newspapersare______.A．morepopulartodayB．lesspopulartodayC．aspopularasbeforeD．gettingmoreandmorepopular正确答案：B解析：文章首句说到：“Newspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastheywereinthepast．”(今天的报纸不像过去那样受欢迎了)。因此正确答案为B。知识模块：阅读理解17．Editorsthinktheimportantpartofthepaperis______.A．theheadlinesB．thesportspageC．thefrontpageD．theclassifiedadvertisements正确答案：C解析：根据第一段中第八句：“Thesetechniquesareusedonthefrontpagebecauseitisthefirstthingyouseewhenyoupickupthepaper．”可知，这些技术(图片和令人激动的标题)一般都用于头版，因为头版是读者最先看到的，因此可吸引读者继续看下去。故选C。知识模块：阅读理解18．Accordingtothearticle,mostpeoplereadallofthefollowingexcept______.A．therealnewsB．thesportspageC．comicsD．advertisements正确答案：A解析：从第一段第三句：“Mostpeoplereadonlythesportspages，theadviceorgossipcolumns．．．classifiedadvertisement．Mostpeopledon’ttakethetimetoreadtherealnews”可知A正确。知识模块：阅读理解19．Todaymorepeoplegetnewsfrom______.A．newspapersB．radioC．televisionD．bothAandB正确答案：C解析：从第一段最后：“Theysaytheygetthenewsonthetelevisionnow．”可知，更多的消息是来自电视。因此选C。知识模块：阅读理解20．Theauthor’sattitudetowardnewspaperis______.A．sympatheticB．criticalC．negativeD．undetermined正确答案：A解析：从文章中作者说报纸已不像过去那样受欢迎了，及所作的描述可知，作者的态度是同情的。知识模块：阅读理解Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.Howparentstalktotheirchildrenmakesabigdifferenceinthechildren’slanguagedevelopment.Ifaparentencouragesthechildtoactivelyrespondtowhattheparentisreading,thechild’slanguageskillsincrease.Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedintheexperimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hourtrainingsessioninwhichtheyweretaughttoaskopen-endedquestionsratherthanyes-or-noquestions.Forexample,theparentshouldask,“Whatisthedoggiedoing?”ratherthan“Isthedoggierunningaway?”Theparentsintheexperimentalgroupwerealsoinstructedinhowtohelpchildrenfindanswers,howtosuggestalternativepossibilitiesandhowtopraisecorrectanswers.Atthebeginningofthestudy,thechildrendidnotdifferinmeasuresoflanguagedevelopment,butattheendofonemonth,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupshowed5.5monthsaheadofthecontrolgrouponatestofverbalexpressionandvocabulary.Ninemonthslater,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupstillshowedanadvanceof6monthsoverthechildreninthecontrolgroup.21．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Childrenwhotalkalotaremoreintelligent.B．Parentswholistentotheirchildrencanteachthemmore.C．Activechildrenshouldreadmoreandbegivenmoreattention.D．Verbalabilitycaneasilybedevelopedwithpropermethods.正确答案：D解析：本题答案在第一段：Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques，parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment．可知，父母给孩子读书的时候，通过采用一些简单的方法可以极大提高孩子的语言能力。因此可以得出这样的结论：语言能力可以通过适当的方法轻松地提高。故选项D正确。知识模块：阅读理解22．Whatdoes“it”inline2canmostprobab