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初中语法专题八宾语从句【知识背景】宾语从句是每年中考的一个必考点,主要涉及到连接词的选择、从句的时态以及从句的时态。相对于定语从句来讲,宾语从句比较好理解,也比较容易得分!【知识讲解】宾语从句的基本句式句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序1.当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:LinTaothought(that)theTVplaywasveryboring.2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句,意为“是否”。例如:Davidaskedhismotherif/whethershelikedthedinnerlastnight.但用whether,不用if的情况有如下三种:①与ornot连用:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwasing.②在介词之后:Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.③在不定式之前:Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who,whose,what,which)或连接副词(如when,where,why,how),引导宾语从句。例如:Doyouknowwhatwecandoontheisland?【习题演练】1).Hesaid_________hecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.what2).Letmeknow___________ornothewille.A.whetherB.ifC.whatD.that3).Letmeknow___________hewilleornot.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.A&B4).Idon’tknow__________themeetingwillbegin.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how【宾语从句中需要注意的问题】:一、语序宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例Whendidheleave?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowwhenheleft.Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?【特例】What’swrongwithher?Idon’tknow.__________________________________________What’sthematterwithhim?Ididn’tknow.__________________________________________二、时态的呼应主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:Ihearsheisheretoday(shewashereyesterday/shewillbeheretomorrow.)2.如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:HesaidhewaswatchingTV(hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool)。3.如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。e.g.Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.三、否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,而且是现在时态时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:Idon’tbelieveheishereontime.Idon’tthinkTomisthebeststudentinhisclass.四、特殊情况当一些固定句式或who等在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”,即从句部分顺序不变.Whatisthematterwith……..?Whatiswrongwith………?Whichisthewayto……..?Whoisonduty?Whatisinthebox?五,宾语从句的简化宾语从句在一定条件下,可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”或复合宾语的结构。Hedoesn’tknowhowhecangetonwellwithhisclassmates.=Hedoesn’tknowhowtogetonwellwithhisclassmates.Ithink(that)sheisagoodgirl.=Ithinkheragoodgirl.六.宾语从句与状语从句的区别1)Idon’tknowifhewilleback.“是否”宾语从句2)I’llcallyouifheesback.“如果”状语从句1)Idon’tknowwhenhewilleback.在宾语从句中,将来时仍用将来时态;

2)I’llcallyouwhenheesback.在状语从句中,用一般现在时来表示一般将来时。Eg:We'renotsureifit____tomorrow.Ifit____,wewon'tclimbtheSouthHill.A.willrain;willrainB.willrain;rains

C.rains;rains

D.rains;willrain【宾语从句练习】Iwonder_______youwouldliketoetomybirthdayparty.ThatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhetherEverythingdependson_______wehaveenoughmoney.whetherB.ifC.whenD.thatIamnotsure______hewillebackhometomorrowornot.whenB.whatC.whetherD.whereCouldyoutellme____youarewaitingfor.Iamwaitingformydaughter.A.whatB.whenC.whoD.whereThere’saredcarparkinginourneighborhood.Doyouknow_____itis.whatB.whoC.whoseD.whomBecareful!Don’tbreakthebottle.Doyouhear____Isaid?Yes,Mum.thatB.whatC.whyD.ifGuess______Ididyesterday!Ithinkyouwenttoaparty.whereB.whenC.whatD.whichIwonder_______you’llwaterthiskindofthetree.Onceaweek.HowoftenB.howlongC.howsoonD.howmuchDoyouknowthemanunderthetree?Sorry.Ididn’tknow_______.HowisheB.whatisheC.whoheisD.whereheisCouldyoutellme______thebikewithoutanyhelpthismorning?HowdidherepairB.howherepairedC.howdoesherepairD.howherepairDoesanyoneknow______?IhearthathewasborninSweden.WhatheisB.whenhewasbornC.whereheesfromD.whichcountryishefromWillLiuYingetoschooltoday?Idon’tknow.ButIalsowanttoknow________.thatshewilletoschooltoday.B.whetherwillshecametoschooltoday.C.howwillsheetoschooltodayD.ifshewilletoschooltoday.13.Ididn’tknow______.NordidI.whatwashappenedtohimB.whatthematterwaswithhim.C.whatwaswrongwithhimD.wherewasthemuseum.14.Doessomepeoplewanttoknow_____________?Yes.Theyreallywanttoknowit.whowillbetheleadingactorofthismoviewhotheleadingactorwillbeofthismoviewhatwastheleadingactorofthismoviewhatheleadingactorwillbeofthismovieNobodyknows_______.A.howwillourfuturelooklikeB.whatwillourfuturelooklikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeD.whatourfuturewilllooklike16.Doyouknow____overthere?WhathappenswhatwashappenedwhatishappeningwhatdidhappenDoyouknow____________?whattimewouldthetrainleavewhattimedoesthetrainleavewhattimethetrainwillleavewhattimethetrainleavesIwonderifhe________us,andIthinkifhe___uswe’llbeabletofinishthehomeworkaheadoftime.(提前)helps;helpswillhelp;helpshelps;willhelpwillhelp;willhelpDoyouknow_______?Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.whenwouldtheGreensmoveherewhentheGreensmovedheretheGreenswouldmoveherewhentheGreenswouldmovehereMr.Kingdidn’tknow______yesterdayevening.whendoeshissonehome

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