2024年高考第三次模拟考试英语（新高考九省专用02）

2024年高考英语第三次模拟考试高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetheman?A．Dosomelistening. B．Rememberbasicwords. C．Readalot.【答案】B【原文】M:IfailedtheEnglishexam!Jessie,anyadviceforme?W:Well,Ithinklisteningandreadingalotworksforme.Butyourproblemisthatyoudon’tknowbasicwords.Youshouldbeginwiththat.2．Whowillbeabsentfromtheparty?A．Gary. B．Tony. C．Pete.【答案】C【原文】W:I’mlookingforwardtotheparty.Willeveryonebethere—Tony,PeteandGary?M:Peteisonholidayatthemoment,buttheothertwoaregoingtobethere,forsure.3．Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A．Tobuyaproduct.B．Toaskforatelephonenumber.C．Tohavehisrefrigeratorchecked.【答案】C【原文】M:Hello.TherefrigeratorIjustboughtfromyouisn’tworking.Canyousendsomeonetocheckit?W:Sure,sir.Couldyouleaveusyournameandtelephonenumber?4．WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondonleave?A．At10:00. B．At11:00. C．At12:00.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme.WhattimedoesthenextplanetoLondontakeoff?W:ThenextoneisFlight12ateleven,gate10.5．Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?A．Unfortableseats. B．Thetrafficnoise. C．MissLee’sweakvoice.【答案】B【原文】W:MissLee’svoiceissosoftthatIcanhardlyhearclearlywhatsheissaying.M:Don’tblameher.It’sthetrafficoutside.Nexttimeit’sbettertositatthefront.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。【听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。】6．Whatcausesthepartytobeputoff?A．Anunexpectedmeeting. B．Theterribleweather. C．Achangedplan.7．Whenwasthepartysupposedtobeheldatfirst?A．ThisSaturday. B．ThisSunday. C．Nextweekend.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】M:Weneedtoputoffourbeachpartythisweekend.W:Why?Nothingcanstopusexceptthestorm.M:Ijustwatchedthenews.Atyphoonisheadingourwayandisgainingstrength.Weatherforecastersthinkthetyphoonmayleadtoflood.Sowe’dbetterstayathome.W:Whenwillitland,tomorrow?M:No.MostlikelyonSaturdaymorning.W:That’sthesamedayasourparty.Let’sstartmessagingourfriendsandtellthemweneedtoputoffthepartyuntilnextweekend.M:Yes!Let’sgettoit!【听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。】8．WhydidAmygotothecontest?A．Tohavesomefun. B．Towinsomemoney. C．Toprovehercookingskills.9．HowdoesAmymostprobablyfeelnow?A．Regretful. B．Upset. C．Happy.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】M:Amy,Iheardyouwenttoacookingcontestthismorning.Whydidyougotosuchacontest?Justtohavesomefun?W:No.Thewinnercouldreceive300dollars.IreallywantedtowinsoIcouldbuyanewcellphone.M:Sodidyouwin?W:No.Whattheothersmadedidn’tjustlookgreat;theytastedgreat,too.M:Youmustbeveryupsetnow.W:Notreally.Iwenttothecontesttogetherwithmymother.Shemadesomethingveryspecialandallthejudgeslovedwhatshemade.Shewonandshesaidshe’dbuymeanewphonewiththemoneyshereceivedtomorrow.【听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。】10．Whatisthepurposeofthewoman’svisit?A．Topurchaseelectronicequipment.B．Tohireanadvertisingagency.C．Torentarecordingstudio.11．WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Crank?A．Hehasbeenrelocatedtoanotherbranch.B．Hehasstartedanewpany.C．Hehaschangedprofessions.12．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandointheend?A．Listentosomemusic.B．TalkwithPenelopeCage.C．Leavehercontactinformation.【答案】10．C11．B12．A【原文】W:Goodmorning.I’minterestedinrentingoneofyourstudiostorecordsomemusicforamercialI’mmakingnextmonth.ThelasttimeIcamehere,HarveyCrankassistedwiththecontrols.M:Actually,Mr.Crankleftthepanyandfoundedhisownstudio.However,ournewaudiotechnician,PenelopeCage,hasyearsofexperienceandcouldassistyou.W:Well,I’dreallyprefertoworkwithMr.Crankagain.Isthereanywaythatyoucouldhelpusgetintouchwithhim?M:It’sagainstourpany’spolicytogiveoutthatkindofinformation.However,youshouldtakeafewminutestogiveMs.Cage’sworkalisten.Sheproducedthebackgroundmusicforsomeofthecatchiestmercialsontheairtoday.【听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。】13．Whatistheman?A．Adoctor. B．Ahost. C．Ateacher.14．Whousedtobeadoctor?A．Cassie’sfriend.B．Cassie’smother.C．Cassie’sfriend’smother.15．HowlongdidittakeCassietobeeaqualifieddoctor?A．Oneyear. B．Fouryears. C．Fiveyears.16．WhatdoesCassiesayaboutherjob?A．Shegetsboredwithit.B．Sheenjoysitingeneral.C．Shealwaysworksovertime.【答案】13．B14．C15．C16．B【原文】M:Helloandweletotoday’sCareerTomorrow.Todaywearegoingtolookatanotherkindofjob—doctors.WehavewithusDr.CassieBrown,whoisadoctorattheRoyalLondonHospital.Hello,Cassie,howdidyoufirstbeeinterestedinmedicine?W:Well,Ihadafriendwhosemotherwasadoctor,andIthoughtherjobmightbeinteresting.M:Sohowdidyoufindoutmoreaboutthejob?W:Well,Ibecameavolunteerinahospitalandworkedforadoctor.Isoonrealizedthatthiscareerwastherightoneforme.M:Sowhatdidyouneedtostudyatuniversity?W:IstudiedHealingScience,andthenIreceivedamaster’sdegree.M:Howlongdidittakeyoutobeeaqualifieddoctor?W:OnceIhadfinishedmydegree,IhadtoworkforoneyearbeforeIbecamequalified,soittookmefiveyears.M:Howmanyhoursdoyouworkeveryday?W:Well,Iworkatnormalhours—ninetofive.M:Whatdoyoulikemostaboutyourjob?W:It’sneverboring.Infact,IfeelsorrywhenIhavetohaveadayoff!M:Itsoundsliketheperfectjob!Thanksforspeakingwithus,Cassie.【听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。】17．Whatcanlistenersinthecenterdoafterthespeech?A．Workasaguide. B．Visitthecenter. C．Choosetheinstructors.18．Whowillteachjazz?A．Diana. B．Jim. C．Steve.19．Whencanstudentshavebaseballclasses?A．OnFridayafternoons. B．OnSaturdayafternoons. C．OnSundayafternoons.20．Whichcourseisforbeginners?A．Badminton. B．Tabletennis. C．Baseball.【答案】17．B18．A19．C20．A【原文】W:Goodmorning,everyone,andthankyouforingtothenewTeenProgramhereattheParkHillLeisureCenter.I’dliketotakeyouthroughtheprogram,theclassesavailable,describethebuildingitself,andthengiveyousomeinformationabouthowtosignupforthesportsandactivitiesweoffer.Afterwards,you’llhaveanopportunitytotakeatourofthecenter,andalsohavesometimewithourinstructors.Let’sgothroughtheclassesfirst.AsyoucanseefromtheTeenProgramhandoutinyourpack,wehavelotsofclassesonoffer.Ourinstructorsarehighlyqualifiedandhavelotsofexperienceoftrainingyoungpeople.Dianaisourdanceinstructor,andshegivesclassesinjazzonWednesdayandThursdayevenings.Jimusuallytakesthefootballpractice,butthisyearhewillberunningthebaseballpractice.ThisclasshasbeenchangedfromSaturdaytoSundayafternoons.StevewilltakethetabletennisclassonMondayevening.Thebadmintoncourseisforbeginners,andthiswillbetakenbyStella,whowaslastyear’sunder21badmintonwinner,soyou’llbeingoodhandswithherexpertadvice.Thedayofthiscourseisstilltobearrangedbutit’slikelytobeTuesday.We’llconfirmthedaybytheendofthisweek.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThisyearArtCollectingwillcontinuetoprovidemunityartguidesaswehavebeendoingitforthepast24years.HalvorsenFineArtGalleryEstablishedinHoustonHistoricArtDistrict,atSawyerYards,HalvorsenFineArtGallerywith2,000squarefeetfeaturesamazingpaintingsoflandscapesandseascapesbyimpressionisticartists.Inadditiontohostingartistexhibitions,itprovidesartconsultationservicesforcollectors,designersandartenthusiasts.ArtoftheWorldGalleryThegalleryprovidesacontemporary,plexandrichculturalexperienceforartenthusiastsandcollectorsfromallaroundtheworld.DirectlyrepresentingsomeofthemostimportantlivingartistsfromAsia,Europe,andLatinAmerica,ArtoftheWorldGalleryisoneofthemostfamousgalleriesinthestate,locatedinHouston’sfinesthotspotforlocalsandtourists.ZatistaContemporaryandFineArtWithover4,000worksfromthemosttalentedemergingandestablishedartists,Zatistaprovidesaccesstothetypesofworkspreviouslyonlyavailabletoseasonedcollectors.BuyingonlinewithZatistaiseasywiththeirfreeartconsultation,certificatesofauthenticity(真实性),andabuyerguaranteethatallowsyoutotryartinyourhomewithfreereturns.JohnPalmerFineArtIt’slocatedintheavenueintheHistoricHeights.Thebinationofasaved1930’sbungalow(平房)withmuseumqualitynewconstructionistheperfectatmospheretoshowcasethegreatworksofartistJohnRossPalmer.JohnPalmerFineArtisopenbyappointmentonly.Youcansetanappointmentbycalling7138616726.WelookforwardtoshowingyouthebeautifulworldofJohnPalmerFineArt!21．WhatisthepurposeofArtCollecting?A．Collectingartworks. B．Offeringartinformation.C．Helpingseasonedartists. D．Foundingartorganizations.22．WhatcanvisitorsdoinHalvorsenFineArtGallery?A．Holdpersonalexhibitions. B．Obtainauthenticcertificates.C．Getatasteofdifferentcultures. D．Appreciateimpressionistpaintings.23．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnPalmerFineArt?A．ItisinHouston’sbestspot. B．Itoffersartconsultationservices.C．Itexhibitstheworksofonlyoneartist. D．Itcanbevisitedwithoutanappointment.【答案】21．B22．D23．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在美国休斯敦可以欣赏艺术作品的四个地方。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“ThisyearArtCollectingwillcontinuetoprovidemunityartguidesaswehavebeendoingitforthepast24years.(今年ArtCollecting将继续提供社区艺术指南，就像我们过去24年做的那样)”可知，这个网站的目的是提供社区艺术方面的信息。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据HalvorsenFineArtGallery中“EstablishedinHoustonHistoricArtDistrict,atSawyerYards,HalvorsenFineArtGallerywith2,000squarefeetfeaturesamazingpaintingsoflandscapesandseascapesbyimpressionisticartists.(哈尔沃森美术馆位于休斯敦历史艺术区的Sawyer园区，占地2000平方英尺，以印象派艺术家的风景画和海景画为特色)”可知，哈尔沃森美术馆的参观者可以欣赏印象派的画作。故选D项。23．细节理解题。根据JohnPalmerFineArt中“Thebinationofasaved1930’sbungalowwithmuseumqualitynewconstructionistheperfectatmospheretoshowcasethegreatworksofartistJohnRossPalmer.(将保存下来的二十世纪三十年代的平房与博物馆品质的新建筑相结合，这是展示艺术家JohnRossPalmer伟大作品的完美氛围)”可知，该美术馆只展出一位艺术家的作品。故选C项。BAtage10,McCulloughgotaglimpseofherdreamjob.ItsparkledintheeyesofthePackardChildren’snurseswhocaredforherbrotherMatthew,whohadbraincancer.Asachild,McCulloughspenthoursatherbrother’sbedside.“Ilookeduptothenurses.Ifoundtheirunconditionalmitmenttomybrother’scareremarkable,”McCulloughsays.Asayounggirl,McCulloughpracticednursingbycaringforherbrother,adesirebornoutofherintenseloveforhim.Shewouldrubhisback,bringhimdrinks,andevenhelpadjusthislines.Shewasanatural.Herparentssaidthatshewasverycaringandalwaysputpeoplefirstfromayoungage.WhenMatthewpassedaway,McCulloughbecameevenmoremittedtobeinganurse.Shetookstepsthroughtheyearstomakeherdreametrue.Inhighschool,shevolunteeredatcancercentersandhospitals.“Mybeinganurseis100%inhonorofMatt.Ifelttheneedtochannelmygriefandturnthattragicmomentintosomethingpositive,”McCulloughsays.Overtime,McCulloughrealizedthatshedidn’tjustwanttobeanurse.Shewantedtobeapediatriconcology(儿科肿瘤)nurseatPackardChildren’s.McCulloughwantedtogivebacktothehospitalthathaddonesomuchforherbrother.Despitefeelinglikeschoolnevercameeasy,McCulloughpersisted(坚持)andgotintoarespectednursingschool.Shefeelslikesheworked10timesharderthanothernursingstudentsattheuniversity.Shetradedgoingoutandspendingtimewithfriendsforthelibrary.Incollege,eachstepbroughtMcCulloughclosertoherdream.SheworkedasanursingassistantatStanfordHealthCareforadultswithcancer.Then,shetransferredtoPackardChildren’sandworkedasanursingassistantinthePediatricTransplantCenter.Today,She’sanurseonthesameunitthatcaredforherbrotheryearsago.Sheisoneofthosenursessheadmiredsomuchasachild.Shefindsthetime,evenonverybusydays,totrulybethereforpatientsandfamiliestomakethemfeellovedandweled.24．WhatmakesMcCulloughwanttobeanurse?A．Herloveforherbrother.B．Thepainofcancerpatients.C．Hernaturalabilityofnursing.D．Thedesiretogivebacktosociety.25．WhatisknownaboutMcCullough’scollegelife?A．Shebegantoworkforherdream.B．Shevolunteeredatcancercenters.C．Shebecameanursingassistantforchildren.D．Shespentmuchtimewithfriendsinthelibrary.26．WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeMcCullough?A．Changeableandrespectable.B．Hardworkinganddemanding.C．Professionalandadventurous.D．Considerateandpersistent.27．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.B．Wherethereisawillthereisaway.C．Behindbadluckesgoodluck.D．Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.【答案】24．A25．C26．D27．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了McCullough经过不懈努力，实现儿时想当护士的梦想的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Asayounggirl,McCulloughpracticednursingbycaringforherbrother,adesirebornoutofherintenseloveforhim.(作为一个年轻的女孩，McCullough通过照顾她的哥哥来练习护理，这是她对他强烈的爱所产生的愿望)”和第三段““Mybeinganurseis100%inhonorofMatt.Ifelttheneedtochannelmygriefandturnthattragicmomentintosomethingpositive,”McCulloughsays.(“我成为一名护士完全是为了纪念Matt。我觉得有必要疏导我的悲伤，把那个悲惨的时刻变成积极的东西，”McCullough说)”可知，McCullough当护士的愿望源于对她哥哥强烈的爱。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Then,shetransferredtoPackardChildren’sandworkedasanursingassistantinthePediatricTransplantCenter.(然后，她转到帕卡德儿童医院，在儿科移植中心担任护理助理)”可知，McCullough在儿科移植中心做护理助理。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据文章叙述的内容可知，McCullough为了实现儿时成为一名护士的梦想而坚持不懈（persistent）的故事。根据第二段“Shewouldrubhisback,bringhimdrinks,andevenhelpadjusthislines.(她会帮他揉背，给他拿饮料，甚至帮他调整各种线)”和最后一段“Shefindsthetime,evenonverybusydays,totrulybethereforpatientsandfamiliestomakethemfeellovedandweled.(即使在非常繁忙的日子里，她也会抽出时间，真正地陪伴在病人和家属身边，让他们感到被爱和被欢迎)”可知，她对哥哥和病人及家属关爱细致，体贴入微（considerate）。故选D。27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Atage10,McCulloughgotaglimpseofherdreamjob.(10岁时，McCullough瞥见了她梦寐以求的工作)”和最后一段中“Sheisoneofthosenursessheadmiredsomuchasachild.(她成了她小时候非常崇拜的护士之一)”可知，文章讲述了McCullough经过不懈努力，实现儿时想当护士的梦想的故事。所以文章告诉我们：有志者事竟成。A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves自助者天助；C.Behindbadluckesgoodluck塞翁失马，焉知非福；D.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。故选B。CTherearewelldocumentedmentalhealthbenefitstopetownership,asmuchresearchhasshown.Indeed,weknowtherearesomephysicalbenefitsaswell,asdogownerstendtohavemoreactivelifestyles.Yetwhenitestoconditionslikeallergies(过敏),wetendtothinkofpetownershipasexacerbating,notalleviatingthem.Hence,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOnemighteasasurprise.Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodidnotownpets.Theresearchersengagedinadetailedsurvey,studying65,000children.Theyfoundthatchildrenwhowereexposedtodogseitherduringfetal(胎儿)development,oruptotheageof3yearsoldwerelesslikelytohavenut,milkandeggallergies.Thiswasn’ttrueforotherpetsthatweren’tcatsanddogs.Indeed,thesameresearchfoundthatchildrenexposedtohamstersduringthissameperiodhadanincreasedriskofnutallergies.Yetchildrenwhowereexposedtocatsduringtheirearlyyearswerelikewiselesslikelytodevelopspecificallergies—namely,allergiestowheat,soybeanandegg.Whilethestudyisnotthefinalwordontheissue—theresearchersnote“furtherstudiesusingoralfoodchallengesarerequiredtomoreaccuratelyassesstheincidentoffoodallergies”—itreinforcespreexistingresearchontheseeminglyfunnywaysthatcatsinfluencehumandevelopment.Inadditiontoaddingtothegrowingbodyofscientificliteratureaboutpetsandhumanhealth,thePLOSOnealsoreinforcesearlierresearchabouttheroleoftheenvironmentindevelopingallergies.Theresearchrepeatedlyfoundthatexposuretofarmyarddirt,dustandthevariousfinehairsthatflyoffanimalshelpschildrenintheirbreathingsystemdevelopment.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exaccrbating”inparagraph1bestmean?A．Worsening. B．Damaging.C．Improving. D．Benefiting.29．Whatagreeswiththeresultoftherecentresearch?A．Kidsover3willhavemorefoodallergies.B．Hamsterscausethemostallergiestochildren.C．Allpetownershipwillnotreducefoodallergies.D．Catownersarelesslikelytobeallergicthandogowners.30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothePLOSOnestudy?A．Satisfied. B．Objective.C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.31．Whatisabesttitleforthetext?A．BenefitsbroughtbyraisinganimalsB．PetownershipmakingkidshealthierC．ResearchesondifferentfoodallergiesD．Dogsandcatsreducingkids’allergies【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了研究发现小时候和猫狗一起长大的孩子患各种食物过敏的风险比没有养宠物的孩子低，但是同一时期接触仓鼠的儿童患坚果过敏的风险增加。研究还发现，接触农场的泥土、灰尘和从动物身上飞出来的各种细毛有助于儿童呼吸系统的发育。28．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的划线句“Yetwhenitestoconditionslikeallergies(过敏),wetendtothinkofpetownershipasexacerbating,notalleviatingthem.（然而，当涉及到过敏等情况时，我们往往认为养宠物会……，而不是缓解过敏。）”，句中划线词后“notalleviatingthem”可知，划线词与后文为反义，故划线词意为“加剧”符合题意，与A选项同义。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodidnotownpets.（周三发表的这项研究发现，小时候和猫狗一起长大的孩子患各种食物过敏的风险比没有养宠物的孩子低13%到16%。）”可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现小时候和猫狗一起长大的孩子患各种食物过敏的风险比没有养宠物的孩子低；再根据文章第四段第二句“Indeed,thesameresearchfoundthatchildrenexposedtohamstersduringthissameperiodhadanincreasedriskofnutallergies.（事实上，同样的研究发现，在同一时期接触仓鼠的儿童患坚果过敏的风险增加。）”可推断，并不是所有宠物的饲养都会降低食物过敏。故选C。30．推理判断题。根据根据第二段第二句“Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodidnotownpets.（周三发表的这项研究发现，小时候和猫狗一起长大的孩子患各种食物过敏的风险比没有养宠物的孩子低13%到16%。）”及文章最后一段第一句“Inadditiontoaddingtothegrowingbodyofscientificliteratureaboutpetsandhumanhealth,thePLOSOnealsoreinforcesearlierresearchabouttheroleoftheenvironmentindevelopingallergies.（除了为越来越多的关于宠物和人类健康的科学文献增添新的内容外，《公共科学图书馆·综合》还加强了早期关于环境在过敏中所起作用的研究。）”可知，全文只是陈述《公共科学图书馆•综合》研究的内容，可推断，作者的态度是客观的。故选B。31．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第二段第二句“Thestudy,publishedWednesday,foundthatchildrenraisedwithcatsanddogsearlyinlifehada13to16%lowerriskofdevelopingallfoodallergiesthanthosewhodidnotownpets.（周三发表的这项研究发现，小时候和猫狗一起长大的孩子患各种食物过敏的风险比没有养宠物的孩子低13%到16%。）”可知，狗和猫减少孩子的过敏。故选D。DZoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbrainputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.Specifically,theyanalysedhowinsectslearntoassociatesensoryinformationintheirenvironmentwithafoodreward,andhowtheycanrecallthisinformationlaterinordertosolveplextaskssuchasthesearchforfood.Livingorganismsshowremarkableabilitiesincopingwithproblemsposedbyplexanddynamicenvironments.Theyareabletogeneralizetheirexperiencesinordertorapidlyadapttheirbehaviourwhentheenvironmentchanges.Thezoologistsinvestigatedhowthenervoussystemofthefruitflycontrolsitsbehaviourwhensearchingforfood.Usingaputermodel,theysimulated(模拟)andanalysedtheputationsinthefruitfly’snervoussysteminresponsetoscentsingfromthefoodsource.Theyinitiallytrainedtheirmodeloftheflybraininexactlythesamewayasinsectsaretrainedinexperiments.Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.“Themodelrapidlylearnsastrongrepresentationoftherewardedscentafterjustafewscentpresentationsandisthenabletofindthesourceofthisscentinaplexenvironment,”saidputerscientistDrHannesRapp,whocreatedthemodel.Themodelcreatedisthuscapableofgeneralizingfromitsmemoryandtoapplywhatithaslearnedpreviouslyinapletelynewandplexenvironment,whilelearningrequiredonlyaverysmalldatabaseoftrainingsamples.Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.32．Whatistheaimoftheresearch?A．Toanalysetheapplicationofbiologicalbrainputationprinciples.B．Toseekpromotionofmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.C．Toshedlightonhowthenervoussystemsofinsectswork.D．Touncoverhowinsectsapplysensoryinformationinsearchoffood.33．WhichstatementabouttheresearchmethodisNOTTRUE?A．Theresearcherscollectedthedatabyusingaputermodel.B．Theresearchersfocusedonhowthefruitfly’snervoussystemreactstoscents.C．Theresearcherstrainedthemodelinthesamewayastrainingfruitflies.D．Theresearcherspresentedtwodifferentscentstocarryoutacontrolexperiment.34．Whatdotheresultsoftheresearchimply?A．Insects’nervoussystemsaremoresensitivetoparticularscents.B．Artificialintelligenceissignificanttobiologicalbrainresearch.C．Sensoryinformationiswidelyappliedinmachinelearning.D．ResearchoninsectbraincancontributetoAIdevelopment.35．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Topresentpredictionsaboutthefutureofmachinelearning.B．Toillustratethemethodandfindingsofascientificstudy.C．Tocallonmoreresearchoninsectbrainandbehavior.D．Tointroduceapracticalmethodofinsectresearch.【答案】32．B33．D34．D35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。昆虫的神经系统能获取并将感官性信息转换为记忆，控制其行为来完成如觅食这样的复杂任务，动物学家通过研究这一过程，寻求其对未来机器学习和人工智能的启发。32．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbrainputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence(动物学家研究了昆虫的神经系统，以研究生物大脑计算的原理以及对机器学习和人工智能的可能影响)”最后一段“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)可知，动物学家研究昆虫神经系统的目的是研究生物大脑计算的原理和对机器学习及人工智能的可能影响。故选B。33．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.(他们在模拟中呈现了一种特定的气味以及奖励，而第二种气味则没有奖励。)”可知，研究过程中确实使用了两种气味，但研究方法并非对照实验，而只是测试该模型对于有奖励的气味的反应。因此，关于研究方法的说法是不正确的是D项“研究人员提出了两种不同的气味来进行对照实验”。故选D。34．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)”可知，研究的结果表明，大脑中感官性信息转换为记忆能够启示未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的运用，因此，对昆虫大脑的研究能促进人工智能的发展，故选D。35．推理判断题。本文全文皆在介绍一项研究，从研究目的到研究方法，再到研究结果，文章第三段讲到“Usingaputermodel,theysimulated(模拟)andanalysedtheputationsinthefruitfly’snervoussysteminresponsetoscentsingfromthefoodsource.(他们使用计算机模型模拟和分析了果蝇神经系统对食物来源气味的反应。)”以及最后一段“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是说明科学研究的方法和发现。故选B。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HelpingYourKidstoBeInterestedinSportsBeingactiveandmovingissomethingthatissoimportantforusall,especiallyforchildren.36However,someparentscanfeelshockedwhentheyseethattheirchildisn’tinterestedinsports.Sohowcanyouencouragethemtohaveago?Itissuchagoodideatoleadbyexamplewhenyouareaparent.Thisistrueforavarietyofaspects,butespeciallyforgettingchildreninvolvedinsport.37Soyouneedtobesomeonewhoisinterestedandactive,ifyouwantanyhopeofthemdoingsotoo.Ifyoulayonthecouchalldaythentheywilljustlearntodothattoo.38Althoughtheycanchoosewhotheywanttosupport,seeingyourenthusiasmforaparticularplayerorteamcanbejustwhatisneededtostarttheirjourney.Youcouldlookforateamuniformstoretogetthemasportsshirtwiththeirnameonforexample,aswellasseetheteamplayatoneoftheirgames.39Ifsomethingisdull,itwillbehardforchildrentobeenthusiasticaboutit.Thiswillmakethemresent(讨厌)it,whichisnotagoodthingforlaterinlife.Iftheyshowparticularskillandlearntoplaysport,thenmorepracticeandtrainingcanein.40Whentheycanenjoywhattheydo,theywillonlyseeitassomethingfuntodo,ratherthanwhatweasadultsmightseeitas,suchasachoretoburncalories.Whateversportyourchildchoosestoplay,encouragethemandmakeitfun,andthenitwillbesomethingthattheywillwanttocarryondoingastheygoabouttherestoftheirlives.A．Theywon’tbeinterestedinsportsifyou’renot.B．herearesomeothertipsthatyouwouldsharewiththem.C．Shareyourenthusiasmanditwillhelptolightenapassion.D．Sothinkaboutwaysthatcangetthemtobeactiveinthesports.E．Howactiveachildiswillimpacttheiroverallhealthandlearning.F．Apartfromleadingbyexample,youcouldalsoshareyourfavoriteteam.G．However,themainmessageforgettingchildrenintosportistokeepitfun.【答案】36．E37．A38．F39．C40．G【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一些帮助孩子对运动感兴趣的方法。36．根据上文“Beingactiveandmovingissomethingthatissoimportantforusall,especiallyforchildren.(活跃和运动对我们所有人都非常重要，对儿童来说尤为重要。)”可知，这里强调活跃和运动对儿童来说尤为重要。选项E“孩子的活跃程度将影响他们的整体健康和学习。”和上文意思一致。故选E。37．根据上文“Itissuchagoodideatoleadbyexamplewhenyouareaparent.

Thisistrueforavarietyofaspects,butespeciallyforgettingchildreninvolvedinsport.(当你为人父母时，以身作则是个好主意。这在很多方面都是正确的，但尤其是在忘记孩子们参与体育运动这方面。)”可知，作为家长要为孩子树立榜样，结合上文提到体育运动，可知选项A“如果你不感兴趣，他们就不会对体育感兴趣。”和上文意思一致。故选A。38．根据下文“Althoughtheycanchoosewhotheywanttosupport,seeingyourenthusiasmforaparticularplayerorteamcanbejustwhatisneededtostarttheirjourney.(尽管他们可以选择他们想要支持的人，但看到你对某个特定球员或球队的热情可能正是他们开始旅程所需要的。)”可知，这里建议家长跟孩子分享喜欢的球员或球队。选项F“除了以身作则，你还可以与他们分享你喜欢的球队。”和下文意思一致。故选F。39．根据上文“Youcouldl