Unit2SportsCultureGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

Unit2SportscultureGrammarandusageNicolewroteablogpostaboutthecityhalf-marathonshetookpartin.Findthesentencesthatusethepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuousandpastperfecttensesandfillinthetablebelow.PassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustensePassivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved.ExploringtherulesPassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustense...acityhalf-marathonwasbeingorganizedtohelp......eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore.Passivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved....alotofmoneyhadbeenraisedforcharity.WorkingouttherulesThepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustenseisusedtorefertoanactionbeingdoneataspecifictimeinthepast.Theverbformis“_________________________”.Thepassivevoiceinthepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactioncompletedbeforeapastaction.Theverbformis“______________________”.was/werebeing+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词被动语态英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。以下几种情况常用被动语态：①不知道谁是动作的执行者；②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；③为了强调动作的承受者。注意：不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但许多由“不及物动词+介词”构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，因而可以有被动语态。基本时态被动语态①一般现在时②一般过去时③一般将来时④现在进行时⑤过去进行时⑥现在完成时⑦过去完成时⑧过去将来时各种时态的基本形式(以肯定式动词do为例):do/doesdidwill/shalldoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonewould/shoulddoam/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewould/shouldbedone八大时态的被动语态：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：(am/is/aredone)TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：(was/weredone)The2018OlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.3.一般将来时的被动语态构成：(shall/willbedone)The2024OlympicGameswillbeheldinParis.4.过去将来时的被动语态构成：(should/wouldbedone)Thenewswouldbesenttohimassoonasitarrived.5.现在完成时的被动语态构成：(has/havebeendone)Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywith（废除）byus.6.过去完成时的被动语态构成：(hadbeendone)BySeptember2nd,75goldmedalshadbeenachievedbyChineseathlesinTokyoParalympicGames.7.现在进行时的被动语态构成：(am/is/arebeingdone)TheTokyoParalympicGamesisbeingheldnow.8.过去进行时的被动语态构成：(was/werebeingdone)AboxinggamewasbeingheldwhenIarrived.过去完成时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/werebeingdone基本用法：1.过去进行时的被动语态表示在过去某一时间某事正在被做。•Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhewasbeingfollowed.他匆匆赶回家，一次也没有回头看看是否有人跟踪他。•Thefarmersaidtheywerebeingtrappedinthesnowstormthen.这位农民说他们当时正被困在暴风雪中。过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时刻或某一动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。构成：肯定结构：主语+hadbeendone+其他成分否定结构：主语+hadnotbeendone+其他成分疑问句结构：Had+主语+beendone+其他成分•Bythetimetheteachercamein,thefirstexperimenthadbeendone.老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。•Theclassroomhadn'tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.老师来之前教室还没有打扫。•Hadthenewplanbeendiscussedbeforethemeetingstarted?会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？用法（1）在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已被做完，用过去完成时的被动语态。•Theysaidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。（2）当bythetime，before，until，when等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，或在by和before后接表示过去的时间，且主句谓语表示的动作在过去某一时间以前已经被完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。•Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiodhadbeenfinished.他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。•Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？（3）在“Itwasthefirst/second/...time+that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“……第几次被……”。•Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverbeenawarded.这是他第一次获奖。（4）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。•IftheAIrobothadbeeninventedearlier,theproductionefficiencywouldhavebeenimproved.如果早一些发明人工智能机器人,生产效率就会提高了。（5）在“Hardly/Scarcelyhad...when...”和“Nosoonerhad…than…”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。•Hardlyhadthefrontdoorbeenopenedwhenwecouldsmellthegas.一打开前门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题①“一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear,listento)”、“三使(make,let,have)”、“四看(see,watch,look,notice)”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可省去。Bettyisoftenseentohelp

theoldmanwithhishousework.②后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词to或for。常接to的动词有give,tell,lend,show,pass,hand等；常接for的动词有buy,get等。Aspecialpresentwasgivento

meonmybirthday.Aspecialpresentwasboughtfor

meonmybirthday.③短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。Mygrandpaistakengoodcareof

inthehospital.不用被动语态的情况①不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise,fail,hap-pen,last,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto等。e.g.Oilprices

haverisen

sharplyinrecentweeks.②系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。e.g.Thefriedchicken

stayedfreshandcrisp.主动形式表示被动意义①某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell,taste,sound,prove,lock,shut,open,read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。Thedoor

won’tshut.Thepoemreads

smoothly.②在need,require,worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。Thebath

neededrepairing=Thebathneededtoberepaired.

③toblame（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。Ithinkitisyouwho

aretoblameforthisaccident.

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Itwasanamazingachievementforaplayerwho_________________(injure)sorecently.2.Theswimmingpool_________________(clean)thoroughlythedaybeforethecompetitionbegan.3.Hefeltthathistalents_________________(waste)asabasketballplayerandwaseagerforachange.4.Tomwastoldthathisteammatewontheracewhilehe_________________(treat)bytheteamdoctor.5.Photosoftheriders_________________(take)beforetheygotontheirhorses.hadbeeninjuredhadbeencleaned/wascleanedwerebeingwastedwasbeingtreatedhadbeentakenJessicagaveanaccountofherexperienceasavolunteeratthecityhalf-marathon.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.maketrainblowplacecarrycheermaketrainblowplacecarrycheerBythetimeCathyandI,togetherwithothervolunteersforthecityhalf-marathon,arrivedat4:30a.m.,tables(1)_________________onbothsidesoftheroad.Bottlesofwaterandpapercups(2)_________________todifferenttables,soCathyandIimmediatelywenttohelp.Then,wetookourplaceatthetableandquicklystartedtoarrangethebottlesandcupssothattheylookedlikeanarmyofsoldiersstandinginlineforinspection.Itookastepback,andlookedatthescenewithsatisfaction.Forthepreviouscoupleofweeks,I(3)_________________onhowtobeavolunteerforthehalf-marathon.Idecidedtovolunteerforthisyear’shalf-marathonafterthechairmanoftheorganizingcommitteevisitedmyschool.Weweretoldthatthecompetitorswouldberaisingmoneyforcharity,andwhileIdidn’tfeelthatIhadastrongconstitutiontorunthatfar,Ithoughtthenextbestthingwouldbetohe