2024届上海市部分区高三二模英语试题汇编：选词填空（含答案）

PAGE2024届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编选词填空2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.backfire B.compensate C.extend D.impressiveE.meaningful F.measure G.needle H.overall I.perceiveJ.punishment K.typicallyWhyYouShouldn’tExercisetoLoseWeightManyofusarelacingupoursneakersandstarting(orrestarting)exerciseregimens(练身计划)inhopesofsheddingunwantedpounds.Unquestionably,aimingtobemoreactiveisgood.Butifthemainreasonistoloseweight,yourNewYear’sresolutioncouldverywell31.Forstarters,exercise—atleastthekindmostofusdo—is32ineffectiveforweightloss.Takewalking,forexample.A150-poundpersonwhowalksbrisklyfor30minuteswillburn,onaverage,around140calories.That’sequaltoonecanofsoda—notexactlyagreatreturnonyourinvestmentoftimeandeffort.It’smucheasierjusttoskipthesoda.Studies33showthatdoingmoderate-intensityaerobicexercisesuchaswalkingfor30minutesaday,fivedaysaweek—theamountrecommendedforgoodhealth—typicallyproduceslittleornoweightlossbyitself.Whenmoderateexerciseisaddedtodiet,theresultsareequallynot34.Poolingdatafromsixtrials,researchersfoundthatacombinationofdietandexercisegeneratednogreaterweightlossthandietaloneaftersixmonths.Instudieswhereexercisehasproduced35weightloss,participantsburnedatleast400to500caloriespersessiononfiveormoredaysaweek.Toachievethat,sessionsneedtogowellbeyondwhatmostofusarewillingorabletodo.Andevenifwemanagetoexertthatmucheffort,ourbodiesoften36byboostingappetiteanddialingdownmetabolism,effectsthatovertimelimithowmanypoundsweshed.Perhapsthebiggestproblemwithexercisingtodroppoundsisthatitturnsphysicalactivityinto37.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay(orsaidyourself)“I’llneedtodoextraexercise”aftereatingtoomuchduringtheholidaysoratacelebratorydinner?Thepointisthatwe’remorelikelyto38exercisepositivelyandactuallydoitwhenwefocusonourwell-beingratherthanourweight.Theincentivemaybeanimprovedmoodorlessstress.Othersmayfindthatexercisemakesthemfeelphysicallyandmentallystronger.Ofcourse,thebenefitsofphysicalactivity39wellbeyondthese.It’sbeenshowntoreducetheriskofmultiplediseases.Itcanalsoimprovesleepandboostenergy.Byallmeans,strivingtoexerciseregularlyinthenewyearisperhapsthemostimportantthingyoucandoforyourhealth.Buttoimprovetheoddsofsuccess,focusonhowmovementhelpsyoufeelbetterphysicallyandemotionally—andforgetabouthowitmovesthe40onthescale.2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyG.freezeH.mechanismI.novelJ.subsequentlyK.unstableF.extentScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(线虫).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then31thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost32animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,33,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow34thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This35differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof36compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand37analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures38theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe39towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery40approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.armyB.availableC.displayedD.reservesE.straightF.insertedG.additionalH.advocatesI.initiativeJ.provenK.existingAnewwaytoreducepoachingResearchersareworkingonapilotprogrambackedbyRussia’sRosatomCorptoinjectrhinohorns（犀牛角）withradioactivematerial,astrategythatcoulddiscourageconsumptionandmakeiteasiertodetectillegaltrade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinosinSouthAfricafortheirhornslastyear,governmentdatashows,withpublicandprivategame__31__lackingtheresourcesneededtomonitorvasttractsoflandandprotecttheanimalsthatlivethere.Whilethetollwasathirdlowerthanin2019andthesixth__32__drop,illegalhuntingremainsthebiggestthreattoabout20,000oftheanimalsinthecountry—theworld’sbiggestpopulation.Thousandsof__33__sensorsalonginternationalborderscouldbeusedtodetectasmallquantityofradioactivematerial__34__intothehorns,accordingtoJamesLarkin,aprofessorattheUniversityofWitswatersrandinJohannesburg,whohasabackgroundinradiationprotectionandnuclearsecurity.“Awholenew__35__ofpeoplecouldbeabletodetecttheillegalmovementofrhinohorn,”hesaid.Somealternatemethodsofdiscouragingpoaching,includingpoisoning,dyeingandremovingthehorns,haveraisedavarietyofopinionsastotheirvirtueandefficacy.KnownasTheRhisotopeProject,thenewanti-poaching__36__startedearlierthismonthwiththeinjectionofanaminoacid（氨基酸）intotworhinos’hornsinordertodetectwhetherthecompoundwillmoveintotheanimals’bodies.Also,__37__studiesusingcomputermodelingandareplicarhinoheadwillbedonetodetermineasafedoseofradioactivematerial.Rhinohornisusedintraditionalmedicine,asitisbelievedtocurediseasesuchascancer,__38__asashowofwealthandgivenasgifts.“Ifwemakeitradioactive,thesepeoplewillbehesitanttobuyit,”Larkinsaid.“We’repushingonthewholesupplychain.”BesidesRussia’sstate-ownednuclearcompany,theUniversityofWitwatersrand,scientistsandprivaterhinoownersareinvolvedintheproject.Ifthemethodis__39__feasible,itcouldalsobeusedtocurbillegaltradeinelephantivory.“Oncewehavedevelopedthewholeprojectandgottothepointwherewecompletedtheproofofconcept,thenwewillbemakingthiswholeidea__40__towhoeverwantstouseit,”Larkinsaid.2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.conservation B.relocate C.momentarily D.program E.criticalF.initiative G.ensure H.permanently I.additional J.reserve K.unexpectedAteamofscientistsledbyAlejandroArteaga,granteeofTheExplorersClubDiscoveryExpeditionsandresearcheratKhamaiFoundation,discoveredthreenewcryptozoic(livingunderground)snakesdwellingundergraveyards(墓地)andchurchesinremotetownsintheAndesregionofEcuador.Itwasanexplorationthatledtothemost(31)_______ofplaces.Firstpublishedinthejournal,Zookeys,Arteagaandhisteamnamedthesmallbrowncolor-patternedsnakesinhonorofinstitutionsorpeoplesupportingtheexplorationand(32)_______ofremotecloudforestsinthetropics.TheDiscoveryGroundSnake(Atractusdiscovery)wasfoundundergroundinasmallgraveyard.Two(33)_______newspecieswerefoundnearanoldchurchandinsideasmallschool.Destructionofthesnake'snativeforesthabitatmayhaveforcedthemto(34)_______tothesepeople-lessareasaccordingtoArteaga'sfindings.AtractusdiscoverywasnamedtohonorTheExplorersClubDiscoveryExpeditionGrants(35)_______,aprogramseekingtofosterscientificunderstandingforthebettermentofhumanityandalllifeonEarthandbeyond.Thegrantprogramsupportsresearchersandexplorersfromaroundtheworldintheirquesttoeasetheclimatechangecrisis,preventtheextinctionofspeciesandcultures,and(36)_______thehealthoftheEarthanditsinhabitants.AtractuszgapwasnamedinhonoroftheZoologicalSocietyfortheConservationofSpeciesandPopulations(ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seekingtoconserveunknownbuthighlyendangeredspeciesandtheirnaturalenvironment.AtractusmichaelsabiniwasnamedinhonorofMichaelSabin,grandsonofAmericanphilanthropistandconservationistAndrewSabin.ThroughconservationorganizationRe:wild,theSabinfamilyhassupportedfieldresearchofthreatenedreptilesandhasprotectedthousandsofacresof(38)_______habitatthroughouttheworld.“Thediscoveryofthesenewsnakesisonlythefirststeptowardsamuchlargerconservationproject,”saysArteaga.“Wehavealreadystartedtheprocessofestablishinganature(39)_______toprotectthegroundsnakes.Thisactionwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutfirstunveilingtheexistenceoftheseuniqueandcrypticreptiles,evenifitmeant(40)_______disturbingthepeaceofthedeadinthegraveyardwheretheylived.”2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.emergeB.absorbingC.subjectD.definingE.movementF.originallyG.course H.universallyI.happensJ.constantK.correspondsHowLongIsaSecond?Thelengthofaseconddependsonhowyou’remeasuringit.Thereare24hoursinaday,60minutesinanhour,and60secondsinaminute—sosurelyasecondis1/86400,ofaday,right?Well,itturnsoutthat__31__timeisn’tthatsimple.“Thesecondwas__32__basedonthelengthoftheday,”PeterWhibberley,aseniorscientistattheNationalPhysicalLaboratoryintheU.K.,toldLiveScience.“Peopleobservedthesunpassingoverheadandstartedmeasuringits__33__usingsundials(日晷).However,sundialshaveafewdisadvantages.Asidefromtheobviousproblemofnotbeingabletoreadasundialwhenthesunisn’tvisible,relyingonEarth’sdailyturningissurprisinglyinaccurate.“Theturningisnotprecisely__34__,”Whibberleysaid.“TheEarthspeedsupandslowsdownovertime.”Sohowcanwepreciselymeasuretimeifusingthelengthofadayissounreliable?Inthe16thcentury,peopleturnedtotechnologi