2022-2023学年山东省聊城市高三（上）期末英语试卷（含解析）

2022-2023学年山东省聊城市高三（上）期末英语试卷

题号一二三四五总分

得分

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择

题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡

皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷

上无效。3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共分）

A

Withawaveofredesignedeco-friendlyhotelsopeningacrossthecountry,it*stimetoenjoya

wonderfulhotelstayduringyourtravel.AffordablehotelsacrossAustraliaareliftingthebar

withoutliftingthepricetag,astheysharpentheirfacilities,styling,locationsandfoodina

bidtoattractusthroughthefrontdoor.Thefollowingaresomewonderfulhotelsforyourkeen

stayduringtravel.VOCOMELBOURNECENTRALAstylishnew-buildhotellieswithin

Melbourne'sbeatingheart,withbig-cityviews,windowsthatactuallyopen,aheatedpooland

astrongsustainabilityfocusincludingbeddingmadefromrecycledplastics,andbamboobikes.

From$251,THEBENSON,CAIRNSForloversofAmericana,the

locally-owned,101-roomhotelchannelsaMiami-Floridabeachvibewithastylishartdeco

slant,withlivemusicandarooftopbar,decoratedwithrecycledmaterials.Thefour-star,

city-centrehotelisfiveminutesfromtheesplanade.From$220,.auAC

BYMARRIOTTMELBOURNESOUTHBANKASpanishflavour,urbaneroomdesignand

expansiveviewsovertheMelbourneCBDskyline,allsetashorttramridefromFlindersSt

Station,whichhelpsreduceyourcarbonfootprint.From$220,

HOLIDAYINNEXPRESS&SUITES,SUNSHINE

COASTOpenedinMaroochydoreinMay,thenewestenergy-savingHIEincludessuites

designedforlongerstays,withkitchenettesandseparatelivingroomsgreatfortravelling

familiesorcouples.From$239,

1.Whichhotelmaybethebestchoiceforamusiclover?

A.THEBENSON,CAIRNSB.VOCOMELBOURNECENTRALC.ACBY

MARRIOTTMELBOURNESOUTHBANKD.HOLIDAYINNEXPRESS&SUITES,

SUNSHINECOAST

2.Whatdothesehotelshaveincommon?

A.Theyallhaveseaviewrooms.B.Theyallhavegoodreputations.C.Theyareall

environmentallyfriendly.D.Theyarealllocatedinthecitycenter.

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atravelwebsite.B.Anartposter.C.Atraveljournal.D.Asciencemagazine.

B

AColoradowomanwholostthediamondengagementringgiventoherbyherfianceshortly

beforehediedwasreunitedwiththepreciousitemweekslaterbyamanwhofounditinthe

mud.RaquelAikensaidshehadjustfinishedagameoftennisinDenverafewweeksagowhen

sheapparentlydroppedherringonthegroundwhilefishingherkeysoutofherpurse.Shesaid

shedidn'trealizewhathadhappeneduntilmuchlater.AikentoldKDVR-TVabouthermissing

ring,andthestorycametotheattentionofDudeOlguin,anemployeeatBreweryBarIIin

Denver,whenheoverheardsomecustomerstalkingaboutit.Olguinsaidhewonderedifthe

womanfromthestorywastheowneroftheringherecentlyfound.nIwasgettingreadytogoto

mythirdjobthenextday.Iwasjustgoingtomycar,andIjusthappenedtolookdown,"Olguin

toldKDVR-TV."Myfirstreaction,youknow,temptation——maybegopawnitortofinda

jewelertotellmemoreaboutit,"hesaid."Butreally,myfaithtoldmejusttoholdontoitand

justwaitandlisten.'1OlguinaskedAikentomeethimattherestaurant."Hewenttohiscar,

andcamebackwiththering,"Aikensaid."ImmediatelyIwasintears,Icouldn'tbelieveit.ITs

amiracle,"Shesaidthereturnoftheringwasespeciallymeaningful."Itdefinitelyreconnected

meagainwithmyfiance,“Aikensaid."Thefactofwhereitwasfoundandhowitwasfound

andanemployeethatworkshereataplaceheloves.Thewholeconnectionisreally,really

amazingandatrueblessing."Olguindeclinedarewardforthering*sreturn."Itoldher,the

paymentformeisourfriendship,andwe'regoingtobelifetimefriends,“Olguinsaid.

4.WhatcausedAikentolosethediamondring?

A.Herforgetfulness.B.Hercarelessness.C.Herbrokenpurse.D.Herplayingtennis.

5.WhatwasOlguin'sfirstreactionafterfindingthering?

A.Hechosetofollowhisfaith.B.Hewantedtokeepitforhimself.C.Hewantedto

returnittoitsowner.D.HeaskedAikentomeethimimmediately.

6.WhydidthediamondringmeanalottoAiken?

A.Itwasapricelesscollection.B.Ilwasasymboloffriendship.C.Itremindedherofher

fiance.D.Itwaswelldesignedbyherfiance.

7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ThelostdiamondringfoundinthemudB.Thelostdiamondringreturnedbya

strangerC.Kindness—aqualitytospreadinacommunityD.Kindness—aqualitytopay

forwardamongstrangers

c

Scientistsestimatethatmorethan95percentofEarth*soceanshaveneverbeenobserved,

whichmeanswehaveseenlessofourplanet'soceanthanwehavethefarsideofthemoonor

thesurfaceofMars.Thehighcostofpoweringanunderwatercameraforalongtime,bytying

ittoaresearchboatorsendingashiptorechargeitsbatteries,isasteepchallengepreventing

widespreadunderseaexploration.MITresearchershavetakenamajorsteptoovercomethis

problembydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatisabout100,000times

morethanotherunderseacameras.Thedevicetakescolorphotos,evenindarkunderwater

environments,andtransmitsimagedatawirelesslythroughthewater.Theautonomouscamera

ispoweredbysound.lttransformsmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthrough

waterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.After

capturingandencoding（编码）imagedata,thecameraalsousessoundwavestotransmit

datatoareceiverthatreconstructstheimage.Becauseitdoesn'tneedapowersource,the

cameracouldrunforweeksonendbefore,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsofthe

oceanfornewspecies.ltcouldalsobeusedtocaptureimagesofoceanpollutionormonitorthe

healthandgrowthoffishraisedinaquaculturefarms.*'Oneofthemostexcitingapplicationsof

thiscameraformepersonallyisinthecontextofclimatemonitoring.Wearebuildingclimate

models,butwearemissingdatafromover95percentoftheocean.Thistechnologycouldhelp

usbuildmoreaccurateclimatemodelsandbetterunderstandhowclimatechangeimpactsthe

underwaterworld,"saysFadelAdib,associateprofessorintheDepartmentofElectrical

EngineeringandComputerScience.

8.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?

A.Theintroductionofnewbatteries.B.Theemphasisonscientists'leadingwork.C.The

advertisementforunderwatercameras.D.Thedifficultyofwidespreadundersea

exploration.

9.Howisthecamerapowered?

A.Itischargedbybatteries.B.Itusessoundwavestotransmitdata.C.Itchangessound

wavesintowaterenergy.D.Itchangesmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retrieval"meaninparagraph4?

A.Beingfetched.B.Beingdestroyed.C.Beingoutofcontrol.D.Beingreconstructed.

11.WhatcanwelearnabouttheMITresearchers'camera?

A.Itaffectsclimatechangeefficiently.B.Itwillbewidelyusedinsomefields.C.Itwill

helpknowmoreaboutMars*climate.D.Itmonitorsthehealthandgrowthofnewspecies.

D

It*soneoftheultimatetestsofwillpower：you'vebeenwanderingaroundthemarketforhours

andyouYetiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchasmellofsomethingfragrant（香的）and

delicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Junkfoodcompaniesarewellaware

thatthesmelloftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyoullpayforthatlater.ltis

aresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchains

havemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.Let'stakeacloserlookat

thisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverindulgentfood（放纵型食品）catchesyour

attentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Acoupleofminuteslateryou

arestandinginline,anditisn'tquiteasappealingasitwasjustmomentsago,butnowyou've

investedtime,soyoutrustyourfirstfeelingtotreatyourself.Butarecentstatementsaysthat

thisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.DipayanBiswas,amarketingprofessor,found

thereisadirectconnectionbetweenhowlongapersonisexposedtoindulgentfoodsmellsand

choosinghealthierfoods."Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposure

ofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoods

comparedwithnosmelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,“readsthesummaryofhisstudy.

Whatappearstobegoingonhereisthatthebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweena

pleasurablesmellandapleasanttaste."Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbrings

pleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgent

foods,"heexplains.Sonexttimeyoufeelyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistcookies,smell

allthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.Toyourbrainit'sthesameasactuallyeatingcookies,

andthepurchasedesirewoulddecrease.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutjunkfoodsmellsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyhardlyaffectpeople'sfoodchoices.B.Theycanmakeadifferencein

markeling.C.Theyareunlikelytofoolwisecustomers.D.Theyfinallydecreasepeople's

purchasedesire.

13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphbasicallyserveas?

A.Anexample.B.Anargument.C.Acomparison.D.Acomment.

14.WhichstatementwillBiswasprobablyagreewith?

A.Theinfluenceoffoodsmellschangesovertime.B.Thesensesoftasteandsmellare

closelylinked.C.Thebehaviorofsmellingfooddoesn'tequaleatingit.D.Thebraincan't

tellwheresensorypleasureisfrom.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TrainyourbraintoresistjunkfbodB.SmellsofjunkfoodcankeepyouoffitC.Watch

outfortrickymarketingtoolsD.Foodaddictionisneveraboutwillpower

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共分)

Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm：othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningor

soundofthunder.(1)Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlife

fromlightning.ProtectElectronicsfromSevereWeather(2)Itcanfollowthewiresorphone

linesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.Oneprotectionagainst

electronicsbeing"fried"bylightningissimplytounplugthemwheneverarainorastormis

coming.DisconnectInternetandsatellitedishconnectionsnomatterwheretheyare.Reducethe

RiskofFireLightningrods(避雷针)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.(3)Theyjust

provideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.Therodsatthetopofthe

buildingareonlythefirstpartofagoodsystem.Whenlightningstrikes,theelectricityneedsto

movetotheground.Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedinthe

ground.(4)UnderstandLightningWhenlightninghitstheground,atree,atowerorevena

building,itmayalsospreadsalongtheground,sobeingnearsomethingthat'sstruckby

lightningisalmostasdangerousasbeinghitdirectlybylightning.(5)TheEmpireState

Buildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthe

structure,aswellasthepeopleinside.A.Itcanevenstrikethesamespotmorethanonce.

B.Youmightwanttoconsiderprotectinganentirebuilding.C.Whenthishappens,anything

initspathcouldbeindanger.D.Butthechanceoflightningstrikingyourhousedoesn*tchange.

E.Eachconnectionmustbesecuresolightningdoesn*tjumptothebuilding.F.Lightning

hittingyourroofornearbypowerlinesisterriblebutnotworst.G.Whetheryouloveorhate

them,thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共分)

JimMclngvalewatchedinhorrorasHurricaneIdamadelandfall,hittingLouisiana.Forhim,

it⑵)onething：Timeto"getinthegame".Mclngvale,whoownsGalleryFurniturein

Houston,quicklycalledfor(22)ofnecessitieslikefoodandwater.Thenheandhisworkers(23)

everytrucktotakethemtoLouisiana,"Fiveyearsago,Louisiana(24)tousHoustoniansduring

HurricaneHarvey,so(25),it'stherightthingtodotohelpourneighbors,HMclngvalesaid.He

alsoopenedhisfurnitureshowroomto(26)manyfamilies.AnaLeeisamongthosehaving

been(27)tothestorm.HedrovetoGalleryFurnitureafterbeingtoldaboutMclngvale's(28)."I

waswarmlyreceived,"Leesaid.HIfsa(29)tomeetsomebodylikehim,"Peoplewholinedup

tohelpoutsaidtheydidsoafter(30)watchingMclngvalehelpthoseinneed.ChrisOglewas

oneofthem(31)byMclngvale.Hehelpedputting(32)ontotrucksaftergivingawaysome

bottledwatertothe(33).Hesaid,"IfyouknewMclngvale,youwouldn*tbe(34)bythelong

linesofpeoplewaitingtocontribute.(35),thiswasnotthefirsttimehehadhelpedfreely."

21.A.meantB.provedC.stressedD.affected

22.A.introductionsB.preparationsC.distributionsD.donations

23.A.checkedB.emptiedC.loadedD.cleaned

24.A.cameupB.madeupC.stuckoutD.reachedout

25.A.inreturnB.ingeneralC.atlastD.atheart

26.A.feedB.comfortC.shelterD.examine

27.A.usedB.directedC.subjectedD.challenged

28.A.generosityB.honestyC.braveryD.sympathy

29.A.chanceB.pleasureC.planD.dream

30.A.accidentallyB.frequentlyC.curiouslyD.carefully

31.A.supportedB.approachedC.persuadedD.inspired

32.A.productsB.clothesC.suppliesD.bottles

33.A.effortB.companyC.serviceD.battle

34.A.touchedB.surprisedC.excitedD.delighted

35.A.ObviouslyB.HopefullyC.EventuallyD.Actually

第n卷(非选择题)

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共分)

36.Ifyourcountrydoesnothaveitsowntree-plantingday,maybeyoushouldsuggestit

onsocialmedia!Thatis(1)onemaninTurkeyrecentlydid.OnTwitter,Enes

Sahinsuggested(2)(set)asideadayforplantingtreesinTurkey.Heasked

otherstosupporthisidea.Andtheydid.Histweet(3)(quick)wentviral.Sahin

wrote,"Let'sdedicateadayforall82millionpeopleinthecountry,includingthechildren

andtheelderly,toplanttrees.Let'sset(4)exampletotheworldandhanddown

agreencountrytotheupcominggenerations."Turkishofficialstooknotice.Rumeysa

Kada,Turkey'syoungestelecteddeputy,tweeted,"Thisisan(5)(amaze)idea.

Itwillbeonouragendafortomorrow.Kadaklater(6)(meet)withSahinto

discusshisidea.ThentheTurkishPresidentlatersenthisownmessageonTwitter.He

wrote,"MyfriendsandIwillundertake(7)(responsible)tomakesurethat

wehaveanationaltree-plantingday."Evenifyourcountrydoesnothaveanyspecialday

(8)eventsfortreeplanting,youcanalwaysgoitalone!CanadianKenChaplin

holdstheworldrecordforthemosttrees(9)(plant)inonedaybyasingle

person.OnJune30,2001,heplanted15,170redpineseedlingsby(10)(he)

inCanada'sSaskatchewanprovince.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共分)

37.你校落实教育部”每位学生掌握1至2项运动技能”的要求，为全校学生开设丰

富的体育课程。请你给学校英文报写一篇短文，内容包括：（1）选择的课程及原

因；（2）个人的收获及感受。注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）请按如下

格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整

的短文。AfternoonwasMrs.Conroy*sfavoritetimeofday.Afteraday'shardwork,her

eyesweretiredandherfeethurt.Sheenjoyedthenicelongnapshetookonthebus.Mrs.

Conroyhadmadefriendswiththebusdriver,Mr.Angstrom.Healwayswokeherup

beforeherstop.Sheusuallyfeltfreshwhenshegotoffthebus.Buttodaywasdifferent.

Mr.Angstromwasn'tdriving.Asmallmaninawrinkleduniformsatinthedriver'sseat.

"Where'sMr.Angstrom?”askedMrs.Conroy,droppinghermoneyintothebox."Idon't

know.Sick,Iguess.Ijustworkhere,lady."Steptothebackseat.Mrs.Conroyhopedthat

Mr.Angstromwasallright.Shedidn'tlikethisnewdriver.Shedecidednottosleeponthe

wayhometoday.Shedidn'twanttoaskthisdrivertowakeher.Hedidn'tlooklikethetype

who'dwanttodoanyoneafavor.Mrs.Conroytriedtokeephereyesopen,butthegentle

rockingofthebushadacalmeffect.Withinafewminuteshereyesclosed.Withherhead

droppingtohershoulders,Mrs.Conroyfellfastasleep.ThenextthingMrs.Conroyknew,

ahandwasonhershoulder.Someonewasshakingherawake.MWakeup,lady.We've

cometotheendoftheline.Wakeup."Mrs.Conroyblinked（眨眼）andopenedhereyes.

Thebusdriverlookeddownather."Timeforyoutogetoffthebus."Mrs.Conroypeered

outthewindow."WhereamI?'*sheasked.,rIwassupposedtogetoffatEssexAvenue/*

“You'reatthelaststop,lady.Comeon,getoffthebus.IhaveascheduletokeeptoJMrs.

Conroywashavingtroublewakingup.Thebusdrivertookherarmandhelpedherdown

thebus."Waitaminute,"shesaidinasharpvoice."Thisisn'tEssexAvenue.WhereamI?

HowcanIgethome?""Canyouridemeback?”shebegged."Sorry,lady.It'sagainst

therules."hesaidasheclosedthedoor.注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）

请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Mrs.Conroywatchedthebusdisappeardown

theroad.________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、A

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的第一句ForloversofAmericana,the

locally-owned,101-roomhotelchannelsaMiami-Floridabeachvibewithastylishartdeco

slant,withlivemusicandarooftopbar,decoratedwithrecycledmaterials.（对于热爱美国

文化的人来说，当地人所拥有的101个房间的客房通过以时尚的艺术装饰风格，现场音

乐和屋顶酒吧，来营造迈阿密佛罗里达海滩的氛围，它们都是由废旧材料装饰的。）可

知，对于音乐爱好者的最好选择是THEBENSON,CAIRNSo故选A。（2）推理判断

题。根据第一段第一句Withawaveofredesignedeco-friendlyhotelsopeningacrossthe

country,it'stimetoenjoyawonderfulhotelstayduringyourtravel.（随着带有—-股重新设

计的环保浪潮的酒店在全国各地开业，是时候在旅行中享受美妙的酒店住宿了。）可知，

文中酒店的共同点就是环保。故选Co（3）文章出处题。根据每个小标题最后出现的

网址，可以推断出这篇文章出自旅游网站。故选A。这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了澳大

利亚一些性价比高的环保住宿酒店。1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文

中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题

是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行

转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，

可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综

合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】B、B、C、B

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段RaquelAikensaidshehadjuslfinishedagameof

tennisinDenverafewweeksagowhensheapparentlydroppedherringonthegroundwhile

fishingherkeysoutofherpurse.Shesaidshedidn'trealizewhathadhappeneduntilmuchlater.

（RaquelAiken表示，几周前，她刚刚在丹佛打完一场网球，显然是在从钱包里掏出钥

匙时:戒指掉在了地上。她说她直到很久以后才意识到发生了什么）可知艾肯的粗心大

意导致她丢失了钻石戒指。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中"Myfirstreaction,

youknow,temptation——maybegopawnitortofindajewelertotellmemoreaboutit,"hesaid.

（“我的第一反应，你知道，诱惑——也许去典当它，或者找一个珠宝商告诉我更多关

于它的事情，“他说）可知，Olguin发现戒指后的第一反应是想把它据为己有。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Shesaidthereturnoftheringwasespecially

meaningful."Itdefinitelyreconnectedmeagainwithmyfiance,"Aikensaid.（她说，戒指

的回归特别有意义。艾肯说：“这绝对让我和我的未婚夫再次联系在了一起。”）可知，

钻戒对艾肯来说意义重大是因为这让她想起了她的未婚夫。故选C。（4）标题归纳题。

根据第一段AColoradowomanwholostthediamondengagementringgiventoherbyher

fianceshortlybeforehediedwasreunitedwithIhepreciousitemweekslaterbyamanwho

founditinthemud.（科罗拉多州一名女子丢失了未婚夫去世前不久送给她的订婚钻戒，

几周后，一名男子在泥泞中找到了这枚珍贵的戒指）可知，本文主要讲述了RaquelAiken

不下心遗失了她未婚夫送给她的订婚戒指，一个陌生男子找到了这枚戒指，并最终归还

给她的故事，所以B项"Thelostdiamondringreturnedbyastranger（丢失的钻戒被一个

陌生人还回来了）”为最佳标题。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了RaquelAiken不

下心遗失了她未婚夫送给她的订婚戒指，DudeOlguin找到了戒指，并最终归还给Aiken。

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原

文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言

表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题

是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8〜11.【答案】D、D、A、B

【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第一段Scientistsestimatethatmorethan95percentofEarth's

oceanshaveneverbeenobserved,whichmeanswehaveseenlessofourplanetsoceanthanwe

havethefarsideofthemoonorthesurfaceofMars.Thehighcostofpoweringanunderwater

cameraforalongtime,bytyingittoaresearchboatorsendingashiptorechargeitsbatteries,

isasteepchallengepreventingwidespreadunderseaexploration.（科学家估计，地球上超过

95%的海洋从未被观测到过，这意味着我们看到的地球海洋比月球背面或火星表面还

少。长时间为水下摄像机供电的高成本一一将其绑在研究船上或派遣船只给其充电一一

是一个严峻的挑战，阻碍了大范围的海底勘探）可知，本段主要讲述了对海洋进行大范

围的勘测所面临的困难。故选Do（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Theautonomouscamera

ispoweredbysound.lttransformsmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthrough

waterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.（自动

摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为其成像和通信设

备提供动力）可知，水下摄像机是将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为其成像和

通信设备提供动力。故选D。（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词前Becauseitdoesn'tneeda

powersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonend（因为不需要电源，相机可以连续运

行几个星期）和下文enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.

（使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种）可知，相机由于不用充电，所以可以持

续运行好几个星期，帮助研究人员获得研究需要的东西，最后被取回。所以可推知，划

线词此处的含义为“被取回"，A.Beingfetched.被取回；B.Beingdestroyed.被破坏；

C.Beingoutofcontrol.不受控制；D.Beingreconstructed.被重建。故选A。（4）推理

判断题。根据倒数第二段中enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornew

species.ltcouldalsobeusedtocaptureimagesofoceanpollutionormonitorthehealthand

growthoffishraisedin叫uaculturefarms.（使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。

它还可用于捕捉海洋污染图像或监测水产养殖场养殖鱼类的健康和生长情况）可知，这

个水下摄像机除了能帮助科学家们认识海洋偏远地区的新物种，还可用于捕捉海洋污染

图像或监测水产养殖场养殖鱼类的健康和生长情况。最后一段Oneofthemostexciting

applicationsofthiscameraformepersonallyisinthecontextofclimatemonitoring.Weare

buildingclimatemodels,butwearemissingdatafromover95percentoftheocean.This

technologycouldhelpusbuildmoreaccurateclimatemodelsandbetterunderstandhow

climatechangeimpactstheunderwaterworld（对我个人来说，这种相机最令人兴奋的应

用之一是在气候监测方面。我们正在建立气候模型，但是我们丢失了超过95%的海洋

数据。这项技术可以帮助我们建立更精确的气候模型，更好地了解气候变化如何影响水

下世界）可知，这种相机最令人兴奋的应用之一是在气候监测方面。可推知，它将在一

些领域得到广泛的应用。故选B。这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了麻省理工学院的研究人

员开发了一种无电池的无线水下摄像机，这个水下摄像机除了能帮助科学家们认识海洋

偏远地区的新物利，，还可用于捕捉海洋污染图像或监测水产养殖场养殖鱼类的健康和生

长情况。在气候监测方面，这项技术可以帮助研究人员建立更精确的气候模型，更好地

了解气候变化如何影响水下世界。1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中

找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是

能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转

换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可

能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合

起来分析，而不能断章取义。

12~15.【答案】B、A、A、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Junkfoodcompaniesarewellawarethatthesmell

oftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyou'llpayforthatlater.ltisaresponse

thathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshave

marketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.（食品公司很清楚，他们产

品的味道会在你的大脑中激起欲望，你会为此付出代价。这是一个经过研究的反应，你

最好相信你最喜欢的快餐连锁店的营销团队正在利用这项对他们有利的研究。）可知I,

我们可以从第一段垃圾食品的气味中知道垃圾食品会在市场营销中起作用。故选B。（2）

推理判断题。根据第一段Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieve

yourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheir

advantage.（这是一个经过研究的反应，你最好相信你最喜欢的快餐连锁店的营销团队

正在利用这项对他们有利的研究。）以及第二段Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.（让

我们仔细看看这个过程。）可知第二段的作用是充当了一个例子，具体举例来说明快餐

连锁店的营销团队是如何利用这项对他们有利的研究的。故选A。（3）细节理解题。

根据第三段Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethan

twominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithno

smelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,（一系列实验的结果表明，与没有气味或与垃圾

食品无关的气味相比，暴露在垃圾食品气味中超过两分钟会导致购买不健康食品的人数

减少。）可知在Biswas看来食品气味的影响会随着时间发生变化的。故选A。（4）标

题归纳题。文章第一段讲的是垃圾食品公司在营销中会利用产品的气味会激起人们的购

买欲望这一特点来谋利；第二段举例来说明营销团队如何利用产品的气味会激起人们的

购买欲望这一特点；第三段主要的是食品气味的影响会随着时间发生变化的，第四段对

全文进行总结，综观全文可知，本文主要讲的是长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者

的购买欲望，所以B项”垃圾食品的气味会让你远离它”作为本文标题最佳。故选B。这

是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是研究发现长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买

欲望。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件

的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，

对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确

把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】G、F、D、E、A

［解析］（1）推理判断题。根据上文Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm；othersare

frightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.（有些人喜欢大雷雨；另一些

人则会被第一道闪电或雷声吓到）以及后文Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotect

yourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.（但你可以采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你

的生活免受闪电的伤害）可知，G项中的"Whetheryouloveorhatethem"与前文相呼应，

"thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning”说明了人们为什么需要采取措施以防受到伤

害，与后文呼应。故G项"不管你喜欢还是讨厌雷暴，雷暴都会产生危险的闪电”符合语

境。故选G。（2）联系下文题。根据后文Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyour

room—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.（它可以跟随电线或电话线进入你的

房间，破坏电脑、电视和其他电子产品）可推断，空处应介绍闪电发生时的一种情况。

F项提到”闪电击中了你家的屋顶或附近的输电线，这很糟糕但不是最坏的”，与空后一

句描述的更糟糕的情况衔接。故选F。（3）推理判断题。根据上文Lightningrods（避

雷针）canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.（避雷针可以防止建筑物着火）"以及后

文“Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.（它们只是为

电力更安全地到达地面提供了一条通道）以及空后的ju