越轨社会学 第12版 课件 -C1 What Is Deviant Behavior

DeviantBehaviorTwelfthEditionChapter1WhatIsDeviantBehavior?Copyright©2019,2013,2010PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives1.1:

Identifyyourpersonaldefinitionsofdeviantbehavior1.2:

Comparesociologicalperspectivesondeviance1.3:

Characterizethepositivistperspectiveondevianceusingtheirthreemajorassumptions1.4:

Describetheassumptionsoftheconstructionistperspectiveondeviance1.5:

Relatethemainsociologicalperspectivestopublicconsensusondeviance1.6:DifferentiatebetweendevianceandcrimeWhatIsDeviantBehavior?AnAcademicAdventureBeginsObjective:IdentifyyourpersonaldefinitionsofdeviantbehaviorWhatdoYOUconsidertobedeviant?Whatdosociologistsconsidertobedeviant?ConflictingDefinitions(1of4)Objective:ComparesociologicalperspectivesondevianceSociologistshaveaproposedvarietyofdefinitionsfordeviantbehaviorConflictingDefinitions(2of4)DevianceisrealinandofitselfOtherspointoutthatsomearefalselyaccusedormisdiagnosedasdeviantLabelingConflictingDefinitions(3of4)Otherspointtoroleofpowerindefiningdeviance,detectionofdeviance,andsuccessfullybeinglabeleddeviantConflictingDefinitions(4of4)PositivistperspectiveConstructionistperspectiveThePositivistPerspective(1of4)Objective:CharacterizethepositivistperspectiveondevianceusingtheirthreemajorassumptionsHasthreeassumptionsAbsolutismObjectivismDeterminismThePositivistPerspective(2of4)AbsolutismAssumesdevianceisabsoluteorintrinsicallyrealObjectivityIntrinsiccharacteristicsBiologicalfactorsThePositivistPerspective(3of4)ObjectivismSociologistsbelievedtheycouldstudyhumanbehaviorlikenaturalscientistsThePositivistPerspective(4of4)DeterminismPhysicalphenomenaHumanshavesomefreechoiceTheConstructionistPerspective(1of6)Objective:DescribetheassumptionsoftheconstructionistperspectiveondevianceEmergedin1960sAssumesdevianceis:AlabelAsubjectiveexperienceAvoluntaryactTheConstructionistPerspective(2of6)RelativismIntrinsiccharacteristicsDevianceisunrealAnonymousTheConstructionistPerspective(3of6)SubjectivismPersonalexperienceControlLookingatpositivistsUnderstandingdeviantsTheConstructionistPerspective(4of6)TheConstructionistPerspective(5of6)TheConstructionistPerspective(6of6)VoluntarismFreewillSocialcontrolagenciesLabelingAnIntegratedViewObjective:RelatethemainsociologicalperspectivestopublicconsensusondeviancePositivistandconstructionistsocialistsDevianceisbotharealandalabelandonecannotexistwithouttheotherTable1.1ASummaryofTwoPerspectivesPositivistPerspectiveConstructionistPerspectiveAbsolutism:Devianceisabsolutely,intrinsicallyreal;hence,devianceordeviantscanbethesubjectofstudy.Relativism:Devianceisalabel,definedassuchatagiventimeandplace;hence,labelers,labeling,andimpactoflabelingcanbethesubjectofstudy.Objectivism:Devianceisanobservableobject;hence,objectiveresearchmethodscanbeused.Subjectivism:Devianceisasubjectiveexperience;hence,subjectiveresearchmethodscanbeused.Determinism:Devianceisdeterminedbehavior,aproductofcausation;hence,causal,explanatorytheorycanbedeveloped.Voluntarism:Devianceisavoluntaryact,anexpressionoffreewill;hence,noncausal,descriptivetheorycanbedeveloped