中考英语二轮复习+题型精准突破课件++历史、社会与文化

完形填空与阅读理解历史、社会与文化(History,SocietyandCulture)【AB层】阅读理解(2023·牡丹江改编) Aschildrengrowup,theyhaveabirthdayeveryyear.ButinmodernChina,abirthdayheldattheageof18hasspecialmeaning.It’sthecelebrationofcomingofage(成年). InancientChina,thecoming⁃of⁃ageceremonywasveryimportantfortheyoungpeople.AccordingtothebookLiJi(《礼记》),itwasthesymboloftheirright(权利)togetmarriedandtheirduty(义务)tosharefamilyresponsibilities.Onlyaftertheceremonycouldtheyoungpeoplebecalled“adults”.

Atthecoming⁃of⁃ageceremony,afteralltheguestssatintherightposition,theparentswouldgiveashortspeech.Arespected(受尊敬的)elderthatwaschosentoholdthisceremonywouldwashhandsanddotheguanliorjiliinseveralsteps.Then,thechildwouldkneelonthegroundandlistentohisorherparents’expectationsandwordsusedtoeducatethechild.Aftershowingthankstoguests,heorshecouldstandnexttohisorherparentsasarealadult. InmodernChina,thecoming⁃of⁃ageceremonyinsomeuniversitiesandseniorhighschoolsisgettingitspopularity.Besidesatraditionalceremonymentionedabove,someyoungpeoplemayweartraditionalChineseclothingormodernclothingandtakeprofessionalphotostorecordthisspecialevent.Somechoosetomakeacharitabledonation(慈善捐赠)suchasmoneyortimetoacharityoranorganization.Theyalsoreflectontheirachievementstosetbetterplansfortheirfutureeducation,career(职业生涯)orpersonaldevelopment.

1.Afterthecoming⁃of⁃ageceremony,theyoungpeoplecouldgetmarriedandhadto____inancientChina.A.giveashortspeech B.haveabirthdayparty C.beresponsiblefortheirfamilies D.takeprofessionalphotos2.Theunderlinedword“kneel”inParagraph3means“____”.A.standupsidedown B.godownonone’sknees C.liedownonone’sback D.lieonone’sstomachC

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3.Whowoulddotheoratthecoming⁃of⁃ageceremonyinancientChina?____A.Arespectedelder. B.Somefriends. C.Theparents. D.Theguests.4.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A.thebook B.modernclothing C.thecoming⁃of⁃ageceremony D.thethingshappenedinancientChinaC

A

【AB层】完形填空

(2023·赣州一模)AShortHistoryofTransportation Weusuallydon’tthinkmuchaboutthecars,buses,andtrainsthattakeusfromourhomestotheplaceswherewework,study,andenjoyourselves.Andyet,withouttheseformsoftransportation,ourliveswouldbevery

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.Transportationtechnologyisdevelopingallthetime,B【A.common B.different C.dangerous】bringingchangestothecitiesweliveinandthewaywemovearoundthem. Thefirsthumanswalkedand

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everywhere,oftenovergreatdistances(距离).Afewtraditionalpeoples,suchastheSaninSouthAfrica,

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livethiswaytoday.

Thefirstvehicles(车辆)wereprobablysmallraftsthatcarriedpeoplealongriversandacross

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.SomescientistsbelieveraftsBCB【A.rode B.ran C.drove】【A.just B.never C.still】【A.grasslands B.seas C.deserts】wereusedtosailfromAsiatoAustraliaas

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as70,000yearsago.

Scientiststhinkthatpeoplebegantoraisehorses4,000to6,000yearsago.PeopleinKazakhstan

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groupsofwildhorses.Theywantedthemformeatandmilk,butthey

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usedthemforridingandcarryingthings.Lifebecamemoreconvenientthanbefore.

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animals,suchastheNorthAfricancamel(骆驼),wereraisedabout3,500yearsago.AnimalssuchastheseallowedpeopletomoveAAA【A.early B.fast C.long】【A.kept B.killed C.saved】【A.also B.once C.almost】C【A.Most B.Many C.Other】

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andcarrymore.Thishelpedinthedevelopmentof

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betweensocietiesandspreaddifferentkindsofproductstomoreplaces.

Andthencamethewheel.

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thewheelisquitearecentinvention,wedon’tknow

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whereorwhenpeoplefirstusedit.SomescientiststhinkithappenedinMesopotamiaabout3500BC,somethinkwheelsmaybemucholder.Butweknowthatthe

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stoneblocksthatwereusedtomakeStonehengeinEnglandasearlyas3100BCA【A.farther B.less C.harder】B【A.culture B.trade C.language】B【A.Because B.Although C.While

】A【A.simply B.easily C.exactly

】B【A.hard B.huge C.round

】neededsomethinglikewheelsto

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them.Maybetheyusedwoodenrollersmadefromlogs

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atypeofwheel.By1000BCthewheelwascommonacrossEuropeandtheMiddleEast.C【A.lift B.throw C.move

】A【A.as B.into C.with】【CD层】阅读理解(2023·泰安) Manypeoplemaythrowawaythepitsinsidefruitsaftereatingthem,butinheritorsofnutcarving(核雕继承人)haveturnedthemintoartworksinstead.

WeifangnutcarvinggoesbacktotheQingDynasty.Duringthattime,anoldimperialcraftsman(皇家手艺人)ZhangDayanspreadtheskilltothelocalpeopleinShandongProvince.Craftsmenbackthenoftenusedpeachpits(桃核)toshowofftheirartisticskills.Becauseofthehighlevelofcarvingskillsneeded,thetraditionalcultureanditsrichartistictheme,Weifangnutcarvingwaslistedasanationalintangibleculturalheritage(国家非物质文化遗产)in2008.

“Onenut,from0.8to6centimeterslong,canbemadeintofanpendants,earrings,buttons,sealsandsoon,”saidTanWanhai,48,aninheritorofWeifangnutcarving.Tanhasstudiedtheartofnutcarvingfor25yearsandhascreatedmanynutcarvings. However,thecraftsmanalsosaidthatbringingthiskindofartworktolifeisnoteasy.“Unlikesomepitslikeolive(橄榄)pitswhichhaveaflatsurface,eachpeachpithasitsownspecialtexture(质地)likehumanfingerprints,”Tansaid,addingthatcraftsmenhavetostudyeachpeachpittocarefullyplanouttheirartwork. Nutcarvingcraftsmenalsoneedtohaveknowledgeinmanyareas.AccordingtoTan,theyhavetomasterskillsinpainting,sealcarvingandcalligraphyfrommanytraditionalcultures.

Thankstotheircreativedesignandfreshideas,WeifangnutcarvingartworkshavebeenincreasinglywelcomedbypeopleinChina.Morepeoplearelearningtheartandhaveevenbecomeinheritorstopassdowntheskilltoyoungpeople.

“Now,thenumberofinheritorsisabout1,000.ButIbelieveitcouldbebigger.Morecraftsmennowgiveupthetraditionofpassingdowntheskillonlythroughthefamilyandopenituptoanyonewhoisinterestedinlearningtheskill,”saidTan.1.Weifangnutcarvingwaslistedasanationalintangibleculturalheritagebecauseof____.①thehighlevelofcarvingskillsneeded ②itsrichartistictheme③thetraditionalculture ④thepopularityaroundtheworldA.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①②③④A2.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytellus?____A.Theculturalvalueofnutcarving. B.Theknowledgecraftsmenhavetomaster.C.Theinheritorandhiscarvingartworks. D.Difficultiescraftsmenhave.D3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepassage?____A.WeifangnutcarvinggoesbacktotheMingDynasty.B.Tanthinkstherecouldbemoreinheritorsofnutcarving.C.Morecraftsmennowgiveupthetraditionofpassingdowntheskill.D.Eachpeachpithasaflatsurfaceandit’seasytocarveonit.B4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?____A.Tan’sNutCarvingAchievements B.AmazingArtworksinChinaC.CarvingArtworksoutofNut D.TheHistoryofNutCarving

C【CD层】完形填空

(2023·南京建邺区二模改编) Attheendof2022,thebuildingofanewpartofthePalaceMuseum,oneoftheworld’smostvisitedtouristattractions,openedtothepublicaswell.MoreandmoremuseumsinChinahavebeenopenedtothepublicforfree,soitisvery

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forteenagerstoqueueup(排队)infrontofsomepopularmuseums.

C【A.rare B.special C.common】 Asthemuseumcraze(狂热)hasgrown

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inthepastfewyears,teenagersinChinahavebecomemoreinterestedinexploringmuseums,wheretheycan

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themselvesinmoderntechnologyaswellasculturefromthepast.Accordingtomagazine,

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byteenagerstomuseumseachyearincreasedfrom220millionto290million

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2017and2021.

ACB【A.stronger B.weaker C.closer】【A.hide B.find C.lose】【A.answers B.visits C.secrets】B【A.among B.since C.between】

Todrawyoungervisitors,manymuseumsarecreatingmoreactivitiesandproductsforthe

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ofspreadingChineseculture,includingartifact(手工艺品)making,secretadventures,treasurerepair,andsomeinteresting

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.AttheChinaHangzhouArtsandCraftsMuseum,forexample,teenagers

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aroundtomakepaperumbrellasduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.Withwhiteglovesonandlittletoolsintheirhands,visitorsgottoexperiencethe

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workofarchaeologistsABC【A.purpose B.record C.chance】【A.diaries B.courses C.dialogues】【A.showed B.looked C.gathered】C【A.strange B.noisy C.daily】(考古学家),whooftenspend