高中英语高考一轮话题复习5自然与环境（教师版）

高中英语高考一轮话题复习5：自然与环境【问题查找】词汇填空（如果学生基础不牢固，建议直接从精准突破开始）1.Therewasa____________(爆发)oflaughterinthenextroom.2.Withinafewdaysshehadbeeseriouslyill,____________(受苦)greatpain.3.HewasveryworriedwhenItoldhimthathiswifehadbeenseriously____________(受伤).4.Wewerewithout______________(电)forthreehoursbutit’sonagainnow.5.Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobein____________(破败不堪).6.Mostchildren________(响应)welltoindividualattentioninclass.7.I'mnotquite________(确定的)abouthowmuchisleftinthataccount.8.Onlyafterunderstandingapoemcanwe________(欣赏)it.9.Manyshooting________(事件)gounreported.10.Themayorwill________(视察)ourschooltomorrow.Keys：1.burst2.suffering3.injured4.electricity5.ruins6.respond7.certain 8.appreciate9.incidents 10.inspect【要点精讲】学习目标：能自主快速阅读理解大意，能依据上下文语境猜测词义，能正确拼读词汇（单词、短语），掌握词汇意义与用法。（1）能正确识记、领会以下词汇,正确率达100%：shock,appreciate,rescue等（2）能正确识记、领会以下短语,正确率达100%：dieout,atanend,indanger等（3）能正确运用以下句型结合词汇和语法进行句子翻译和写作,正确率达80%：解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）Earthquakes地震【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Thewholenationwas（shock）bytheearthquake.Itwasreallyan（extreme）frightening（灾难）.Almosteverythingwas（destroy）andpeoplesufferedalot.Theyneeded（避身处）and（电力）.They（表达）their（真诚的）thankstothePartyforimmediate（援救）.Keys：shocked;extremely;disaster;destroyed;shelters;electricity;expressed;sincere;rescue【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）rescuevt.&vi.营救，援救，抢救n.救援，营救，获救；营救行动go/etosb.'srescue拯救某人rescuesb./sth.fromsth./sb.使……脱离(困境/危险)（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,withthepinesburstandtheelectricity（中断）.Anearthquakestuckthecityanditseemed（好像）theworldwas（结束）.Somepeoplewereinjured,some（在...掩埋）theruinsandsomemissing.（从...判断）thesituation,therewere（大量的）trappedpeoplewaitingforrescue.Butallhopewasnotlost,becausesoldierweresenttohelpthem（立刻）.Keys：cutoff;asif;atanend;buriedin;Judgingfrom;anumberof;rightaway.【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）atanend结束etoanend结束，破灭put/bringsth.toanend结束callforanendtosth.呼吁停止/结束anumberof＋名词复数，意为“大量”，谓语动词用复数thenumberof＋名词复数，“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数asif仿佛；好像asif的用法：1.可在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。2.当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，asif从句用陈述语气。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.看来我们队要胜了。Itlooksasifthey’relookingforsomething.他们看起来好像在找什么东西。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，asif从句用虚拟语气。asif+从句时间从句谓语动词形式现在过去时(be用were)将来过去过去完成时Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的妈妈一样。Hespeaksasifhehadknownaboutitbefore.他说得好像之前就知道似的。【即学即练】完形填空节选题。Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingaintheworld.Youcan,too!A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference2.Herfriendscametoherwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurantagreedtohidesomebooks.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,_____________he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongas B.asif C.eventhough D.incaseKeys：1.D考查名词。Achoice选择；B.profit利润；Cjudgement判断；Ddifference不同。此定短语:makeadifference起作用，有影响，选D。2.B考查动词。Astop停止B.hep帮助C.warm警告;Drescue营救。根据后文”Anisownedarestaurantarcedtohidesomebooks”可知，她的朋友们都过来帮她转移书。3.C考查状语从句。句意:即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然可以时不时地打打网球。as1ongas只要，引导条件状语从句asif似乎，引导方式状语从句eventhough即使，引导让步状语从句incase以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C.Wildlifeprotection野生动物保护【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Thelossand（损害）tothewildlife（保护区）（影响）thesecurityofwildlifefiercely.Anymerciful（回答）is（appreciate）.Toour（relieve）,manhasrealizedtheimportanceofwildlife（protect）andhaswongreat（成功）.Keys：harm;reserve;affects;response;appreciation;relief;protection;success【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）affectvt.影响；感动；侵袭【易混辨析】affect/effectaffect动词，指＂产生的影响之大足以引起反应＂，着重＂影响＂的动作,有时含有＂对……产生不利影响＂的意思effect名词，多用作名词指＂效果，作用＂，常用于haveaneffecton＂对……有影响＂appreciatevt.鉴赏；感激；意识到appreciationn.欣赏；感激，感谢；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估appreciativeadj.欣赏的，赏识的；感激的，感谢的【特别提醒】appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时,从句之前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate,love,like,dislike等。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将不胜感激。reliefn.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物inrelief如释重负；松了口气thereliefof………的消除/减轻toone’srelief使某人欣慰的是（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Huntingtoomuchaffectsthenumberofwildanimalsgreatlynowadays.Asaresult,therearesomeanimals（逐渐消失）andothers（在危险中）.Fortunately,ourgovernmenthas（注意）thesituationandaseriesoflawshas（开始生效）.Thereisnodoubtthatwewillsucceedinpreventingthesituationfrombeingbadtoworse.Keys：dyingout;indanger;paidattentionto;eintoeffect【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）indanger(of)在危险中；垂危。反义短语为outofdanger(脱离危险)【拓展延伸】介词in+名词构成的短语insilence沉默地insurprise吃惊地inamazement 惊奇地inpeace平静地，安详地inrelief如释重负incase以防inreturn作为回报inreward作为回报payattentionto注意attract/catch/draw/getone’sattention吸引某人的注意力fix/focusone’sattentionon集中注意力于devoteone’sattentionto专心于turnone’sattentionto将注意力转向【即学即练】完形填空节选题。Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,turningupatschoolforpracticehoursbeforeanyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselftomusic,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciateKeys：考查动词。根据“ashehategettingtoschoolextraearly”可知，Gabriel讨厌过早到校，因此他发誓“不学”音乐，A.背叛；B.接受；C.避开，避免；D.欣赏。【查漏补缺】真题大练兵1.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andproved___________(extreme)popularwiththepublic.2.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonly_____________(灾难).3.whysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithout___________(遮蔽物)orenoughfood.4.Thesechemicalsefromthe___________(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.5.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearly_____________shock.6.Now,I_____________(感激)thesilenceandthenewwayofmunicationitopens.7.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscanprotectthemselves___________insects.8.Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattention_____________yourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.9.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.10.The_____________(disappear)ofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Keys：1.extremely 2.disaster3.shelter4.injured5.in6.appreciate7.against8.to9.successful10.disappearance 【梳理优化】1、学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握不好，就回到“精准突破”，补救学习。词性转换1.frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的→frightenedadj.受惊的；受恐吓的2.sincerelyadv.真诚地；真挚地→sincereadj.真诚的；真挚的3.judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断→judgementn.断定；判断4.disappearancen.消失→disappearvi.消失→appearvi.出现；到场→appearancen.出现；外表5.protectionn.保护→protectiveadj.保护的；防护的→protectvt.保护；防护6.reliefn.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relievevt.解除；减轻；缓和(不快或痛苦)7.appreciatevt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciationn.欣赏；鉴赏；感激；理解8.succeedvi.成功vt.接替；继任→successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→successfullyadv.成功地9.harmn.&vt.损害；危害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。完形填空的解题技巧3：前后搭配前后搭配主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。【例1】OnApril12,1888，Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimand...A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judgedKeys：解析：根据动介搭配，能与后面的介词for搭配的，只有mistook，故选C。【例2】Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto28theNobelprizes，...A.establish B.form C.develop D.promoteKeys：解析：根据动宾搭配，应是“设立诺贝尔奖”，即establishtheNobelprizes，故选A。【例3】Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.afterall B.inall C.atall D.forallKeys：C优化：补充、完善初步总结的解题方法；B.解决元认知问题；C.信息精细化加工；D.需要记忆的教给记忆诀窍等；E.图式。A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中词汇的解题技巧1.判断空格中所需单词的词性；2.观察所给单词的词性和所需单词词性是否一致；3.根据题目修改相应的单词形式B.信息精细化加工（归类、分类、类比、比较、联想、想象等）1.选取本次课学习的（至少）5个词汇写出一篇短文。E.图式。1.利用近义词、同义词、反义词转换等带出新的语言。2.利用paraphrase评价和转换语言，利用已有认知图式结合情境学习新的目标词汇。【强化巩固】完型填空Wheredidallthetigersgo?That’swhatIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghwantstoknow.India’sSariskaProjectTigerReserve,oncehometo26tigers,isnowhometonone.Singhhasorderedapoliceinvestigationintothe1,andcreatedanewtaskforce(特别工作组)tosavethe2animals.Tigersareanendangeredspecies(物种).Halfoftheworld’stiger3liveinIndia.Foryears,tigershavebeendisappearingfromIndia’snationalparks,butSariskamaybethelaststraw.Andthegovernmenthasto___4___.OnThursday,Singhheldthefirstmeetingof5officials,wildlifeexperts,andrelatedleaders,aimingto6thenation’sremainingtigers,andto7aplantokeepthemsafe.Itisnothardtoguesswhythetigersaredisappearing.Poachers(偷猎者)can8thebigcatsfor$50,000each.TigerskinandbonesarepopularinChinese9.Asingletigertoothcanfetch$120.Recently,agroupofpoachersadmittedkillingtentigersinSariskaandwere10.＂Indiantigerpoachingisprobablythe11conservationprobleminmoderntimes,＂saidBelindaWright,theheadoftheWildlifeProtectionSocietyofIndia.However,poachingisn’ttheonly12.Manypoachersuseadvancedtechnologies,likenightglassesandlongrangebinoculars(双筒望远镜).Forestsecurityofficersarepaidso13thatfewofthem___14___totrackdownthepoachers.Evenifsecurityguardsweretofindapoacher,manyonlycarryasticktomakehimobeythelaw.TigerfanshopethatSingh’splansmeanendforthepoachersand15fortheendangeredspecies.1.A.project B.disappearance C.reserve D.home2.A.dangerous B.huge C.rare D.fierce3.A.population B.percentage C.generation D.group4.A.care B.plan C.react D.wake5.A.business B.trade C.army D.forest6.A.ensure B.count C.keep D.feed7.A.eupwith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith8.A.raise B.hunt C.sell D.shoot9.A.food B.tradition C.culture D.medicine10.A.found B.arrested C.prohibited D.controlled11.A.oldest B.hottest C.biggest D.latest12.A.problem B.worry C.crime D.factor13.A.monly B.poorly C.slightly D.highly14.A.determine B.remember C.hesitate D.bother15.A.success B.lamp C.hope D.achievementKeys:印度一个保护区的老虎＂消失＂了，印度总理为此下令调查此事，并寻求解决确保剩余老虎安全的办法。15BCACD610BACDB1115CABDC【课后练习】一、根据所给中文，完成英语短文2010年4月14日，一场可怕的地震袭击了青海玉树，人们对这一消息感到非常震惊。玉树地震被认为是中国在唐山大地震之后最可怕的灾难之一。地震使玉树大部分地方几分钟内变成了一片废墟，而且给人们带来了巨大的损失。地震中约2600人死亡，12100人受伤，成千上万的人无家可归。世界似乎到了末日。地震之后，人们立刻组织救援工作。许多医生和士兵参与救灾工作。大量的受伤人员被及时送往医院。全国共捐100亿元左右帮助玉树人民。OnApril14,2010,1.____________________inQinghaiprovinceandpeople2.________________thenews.ItwasconsideredasoneofthemostterribledisastersinChinaafterTangShanearthquake.TheearthquakemademostareasinYushulie3.______________withinafewminutesandcaused4.________________andlosstothepeople.About2,600people5.________________duringtheearthquakeand12,100orsowereseriouslyinjured,6.______________becamehomeless.Itseemedthattheworld7.______________.Aftertheearthquake，rescuework8.________________andmanydoctorsandsoldierstookpartintherescuework，soagreatnumberofpeoplewere9.________________andsenttohospitalintime.About10billionwasdonatedtohelpthepeopleinYushu.Keys:1.aterribleearthquakehit/struckYushu2.wereshockedat3.inruins4.greatdamage5.losttheirlives6.thousandsofpeople7.wasatanend8.wasorganizedrightaway9.dugout二、语法填空AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,inwhichthousandsofpeoplediedandmany___1___(injure).Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewells2ofwater.Peoplewere___3___(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut4andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywaspletely5(destroy)andtheworldseemed6itsend.ThepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.___7___soldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthose8weretrapped.Theyalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Slowly,thecitybegantoebacktolife.Itwassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Thewaterinthevillage___9___(well)roseandfell.Fishjumpedoutoftheponds.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleof10.Keys:1.wereinjured 2.instead3.greatly 4.off5.destroyed 6.at7.The/These 8.who9.wells 10.them三、阅读理解WhalesarethreatenedbyavarietyofhumanactivitiesofftheWestCoastoftheUnitedStates,includingfishing,shiptraffic,andpollution.Theyhavebadeffectsonwhalepopulations,butarerarelyaddressedbycurrentwhaleprotectionpoliciesinCalifornia,accordingtoastudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Thestudy,publishedforopenaccessthisweekinthejournalMarinePolicy,examinesthemaincausesofdeathforninewhalespeciesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystem,whichstretchesfromBritishColumbia,CanadatoBajaCalifornia,Mexico.Thewhalesconsideredinthestudyincludegray,blue,fin,minke,NorthPacificright,andkillerwhales.“Wefindthatitispeoplethatdeemfishingcauseswhaledeath,”saidcoleadingauthorElizaOldach.“Butanumberofhumanactivitieshavemadethemodernoceanareallytoughenvironmentforwhalestosurvive.We’reexcitedabouteffortsthatlookbroadlytorebuildhealthyoceans.”Thereportfoundthatmaincontributorstowhaledeatharecurrently,targetedwithrelevantpolicyresponses:noise,waterqualityandmarine(海洋的)rubbish.Butthreeotherthreatsnutritionalstress,diseaseandpredation(捕食)needtoalsobeconsideredtoprovideamorewholeapproachtowardmanagingwhaledeaths.“Graywhalesmigrate(迁徙)over5,000milesbetweentheirbreedinggroundsateitherendoftheCaliforniaCurrent,”saidcoleadingauthorHelenKilleen.“Throughouttheirjourney,theymustpassthroughalargenumberofhumanactivities,fightingwithchangestotheirenvironmentcausedbyclimatechange.”ThestudyesastheCaliforniaOceanProtectionCouncil(COPC)aimstodevelopaplanforachievingzerodeathforwhalesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystemthisyear.Achievingsuchagoalrequiresunderstandingthekeydriversofwhaledeathsa