深圳市大湾区2023年高三《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案

深圳市大湾区2023年高三《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AAninternship（实习）isagreatwaytogainvaluableexperienceinyourchosenfuturecareer.Here,weoffersomefantasticworldwideinternshipswithopportunitiestohelpyougainsomereallyuniqueanddiverseexperience.DentalInternshipinSouthAfricaJoinourdentalelectivetoboostyourdentalworkexperience.You'llworkwithaprofessionaldentistandassistinday-to-daytasksatcheck-upcamps.ComparethedentalcarebetweenyourhomecountryandSouthAfrica.Requirement:Internsshouldbestudyingdentistry（牙科）JournalismInternshipinGhanaSeeallaspectsofGhanaianlifebyreportingonday-to-daylifeandtakingpartinavariedjournalisminternshipinAccra.Workforanewspaper,radioorTVstationandgethands-onexperienceinthemediaindustry.Requirement:GoodEnglishspeakersandgeneralleveloffitnessMedicalInternshipinPalampurIfyouareconsideringacareerinmedicineornursing,thisisthemedicalinternshipforyou.BasedinnorthernIndia,inthefoothillsoftheHimalayas,youwillshadowlocaldoctorsandnursesandlearnlotsabouttheIndianmedicalsystem.Requirement:Internsshouldhaveaninterestin,oralreadybestudying,amedicalrelatedcourseMedicalInternshipinRomaniaTakepartinahighlyratedmedicalinternshiponamobilemedicalunitandwithinachildren'shospital.Workinavarietyofmedicalsettingsandwithamixtureofcases,shadowingdoctorsandnursesandactivelycontributingtothecareofthepatients.Requirement:Minimumrequirementofafirstaidcertificate1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aschoolmagazine.B.Anacademicpaper.C.Apublicspeech.D.Atravellog.2.Whichcanofferagreaterchancetofullyexperiencethelocalculture?A.DentalInternshipinSouthAfrica.B.JournalismInternshipinGhana.C.MedicalInternshipinPalampur.D.MedicalInternshipinRomania.3.Whatdothelasttwointernshipshaveincommon?A.TheyarelocatedinnorthernIndia.B.Theyneedchildcareinterns.C.Theyrequireafirstaidcertificate.D.Theyencouragelearningfromoldhands.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章提供了四个全球实习机会及其相关要求。【1题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Aninternship（实习）isagreatwaytogainvaluableexperienceinyourchosenfuturecareer.Here,weoffersomefantasticworldwideinternshipswithopportunitiestohelpyougainsomereallyuniqueanddiverseexperience.（实习是在你选择的未来职业中获得宝贵经验的好方法。在这里，我们提供了一些很棒的全球实习机会，帮助你获得一些真正独特和多样化的经验。）”可知，本文主要介绍世界各地的一些实习机会及其相关要求，根据DentalInternshipinSouthAfrica的“Requirement:Internsshouldbestudyingdentistry（牙科）（要求：实习生必须学习牙科专业）”，MedicalInternshipinPalampur的“Requirement:Internsshouldhaveaninterestin,oralreadybestudying,amedicalrelatedcourse（要求：实习生必须对医学相关课程感兴趣或已经在学习）”文章的目标受众为正在学习某些课程的人，可推断应面向学生，故最有可能出现在学校的杂志中。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由JourmalismInternshipinGhana中“SeeallaspectsofGhanaianlifebyreportingonday-to-daylifeandtakingpartinavariedjournalisminternshipinAccra.（通过报道日常生活和在阿克拉参加各种新闻实习，了解加纳生活的各个方面。）”可知，JourmalismInternshipinGhana的这个实习项目可以看到加纳人日常生活的方方面面，故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MedicalInternshipinPalampur的“BasedinnorthernIndia,inthefoothillsoftheHimalayas,youwillshadowlocaldoctorsandnursesandlearnlotsabouttheIndianmedicalsystem.（基地位于印度北部的喜马拉雅山麓，你将跟随当地的医生和护士，了解很多关于印度医疗系统的知识。）”，以及MedicalInternshipinRomania的“Workinavarietyofmedicalsettingsandwithamixtureofcases,shadowingdoctorsandnursesandactivelycontributingtothecareofthepatients.（在各种医疗环境和混合病例中工作，跟随医生和护士，积极为患者的护理做出贡献。）”可知，两份实习中均出现shadowlocaldoctorsandnurses的表述，shadow作及物动词时，意为“跟随……实地学习或参观”，故他们的共同之处在于都鼓励向前辈学习。故选D项。BIn2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.Evenlookingsomeoneintheeyesprovedtobedifficult.“Iwassortoflikeashellofapersonandjustdidn’treallyhavemanylifeskillsorself-confidence,”Deegansaid.However,bakingwassomethingthatalwaysbroughtherjoyasachild.Onedaywhilehelpingoutintheneighborhood,Deeganpickedupahandheldmixerandstartedbaking.“Mylifewasjustoutofcontrol,butbakingissuchacontrolledthing,whereifyoutaketherightstepsandfollowthedirections,you’llgetaprettyexactresult,”shesaid.Deeganstartedbringingherhomemadebakedcookiestopeople’shomes,whichhelpedherreconnectwithpeople.“Feedingpeopleissuchauniversallovelanguage,”shesaid.However,shewasstilltryingtofigureouthowtofindacareerat27yearsold.Shehadnorealworkexperienceandshecouldn’tput‘quitdrinking’”onherresume.Deegan’slifeshiftedin2015.Encouragedbyherfriends,shechallengedherselftoseeifshecouldselljustonepie.Shesolddozens!Shebeganbakingoutofhertinyapartmentandeventuallylaunchedanofficialbusinessin2017.Shespentfouryearsdevelopingapiecrustcookierecipe,whichhassincebecomethebreadandbutterofherbusiness.“Peoplehavebeenwalking,runningandlininguptogetcookies,andit’sjustbeensomagicalseeingthat,”shesaid.Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon’thaveanyexperience.Afterherownstruggle,sherealizedthatthedesiretoworkwasbetterthanhavingacertainskillset.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.“Youjusthavetowalkthroughthedoorandbeready,willingandableandexcitedtoshowupandworkandyou’vegotajob,”Deegantoldthereporter.4.WhatwasDeeganmainlystrugglingwithin2013?A.Emotionmanagement.B.Interpersonalrelationship.CWork-lifebalance.D.Alcoholaddiction.5.WhatpreparedDeeganforherbakerybusiness?A.Workingpreviouslyinthebakingindustry. B.Seeingpeoplerunningtogetcookies.C.Wantingdesperatelytogaintotalcontrol. D.Offeringbakedfoodoutofgoodwill.6.Accordingtoparagraph4and5,whatisspecialaboutDeeganandherbusiness?A.Sheachievedsuccessthroughbaking.B.Shewasambitiousaboutherbusiness.C.Shehasanopen-dooremploymentpolicy.D.Sheonlyhiredinexperiencedworkers.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDeegan?A.Creativeandsmart.B.Persistentandreceptive.C.Honestandoptimistic.D.Kindandeasy-going.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了戒酒后想要把控自己生活的迪根喜欢烘焙，原来给别人送自制的饼干是想和别人搞好关系，这个爱好促成了她开启烘焙事业，同时因为自身的经历，她在招募员工时很包容，不嫌弃对方是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“In2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.Evenlookingsomeoneintheeyesprovedtobedifficult.“Iwassortoflikeashellofapersonandjustdidn’treallyhavemanylifeskillsorself-confidence,”Deegansaid.（2013年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒酒了，但她很难与人重新建立联系。事实证明，与他人对视都很困难。迪根说：‘我有点像一副躯壳，真的没有很多生活技能或自信。’）”可知，2013年时候的Deegan很难与人重新建立联系，甚至都害怕与他人对视，可知，Deegan在人际交往方面很吃力。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Deeganstartedbringingherhomemadebakedcookiestopeople’shomes,whichhelpedherreconnectwithpeople.‘Feedingpeopleissuchauniversallovelanguage,’shesaid.（迪根开始把她自制的饼干带到人们的家里，这帮助她与人们重新建立联系。她说：‘喂饱人们是一种普世的爱的语言。’）”可知，Deegan认为给人送食物能表达爱，所以她经常给别人送上自己做的饼干；第四段“Deegan’slifeshiftedin2015.Encouragedbyherfriends,shechallengedherselftoseeifshecouldselljustonepie.Shesolddozens!Shebeganbakingoutofhertinyapartmentandeventuallylaunchedanofficialbusinessin2017.（迪根的生活在2015年发生了改变。在朋友们的鼓励下，她挑战自己，看能不能卖掉一个派。她卖了几十个！她开始在自己的小公寓里烘焙，并最终在2017年推出了正式业务。）”可知，也正是这种出于好意的为他人提供烘焙食品的行为，为后来Deegan烘焙店生意奠定了基础，故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“In2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.（2013年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒了酒，但她很难与人重新建立联系）”可知，迪根以前是一个嗜酒之人，但已戒了；最后一段中“Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon'thaveanyexperience.Afterherownstruggle,sherealizedthatthedesiretoworkwasbetterthanhavingacertainskillset.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.Youjusthavetowalkthroughthedoorandbeready,willingandableandexcitedtoshowupandworkandyou’vegotajob,’Deegantoldthereporter.（迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人，即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。迪根告诉记者：‘你只需要走进那扇门，做好准备，愿意、能够、兴奋地出现并工作，你就得到了一份工作。’）”可知，有酗酒史的Deegan的面包店不关注应聘者是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去，故有着特别开放的用人政策（open-dooremploymentpolicy），这是特别之处。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shespentfouryearsdevelopingapiecrustcookierecipe,whichhassincebecomethebreadandbutterofherbusiness.（她花了四年时间开发了一种派皮饼干食谱，从此成为她生意的面包和黄油。）”可知，迪根很执着（Persistent），花4年时间研发一个食谱；第五段中“Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon'thaveanyexperience.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.（迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人，即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。）”可知，迪根善于接受（receptive）那些有缺点或能改过自新的人当员工。故选B项。CAlthoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon’tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninterestingresearchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsasopportunitiestore-focustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewhoseefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset.PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplacethemselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyoureacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,“Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?”Edisonanswered,“Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.”Instudiesofcreativepeople,psychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthenon-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccessandfailureaspolaropposites.Inreality,theyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.8.Whatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewith?A.Challengesarewelcomed.B.Mistakescanbeavoided.C.Successisduetogoodluck.D.Onlytalentleadstosuccess.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingstone”inparagraph2referto?A.Aroadtonowhere.B.Achallengeintheway.C.Anoutcometoexpect.D.Achancetoadvance.10.WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3?A.Tomakeaprediction.BTopresentafact.C.Tosupportaviewpoint.D.Toclarifyaprinciple.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Howpeopleinterpretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.B.Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.C.Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.D.Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章指出人们对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，具有成长型思维的人用发展的眼光看待失败，更具有创造力。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你经历过失败，并将其视为一次提升自己的机会，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。）”，以及第三段第一句“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根据研究，成长组的人往往比固定组的人产生更多的创造性想法。）”可知，对于成长性思维的人来说，失败只是一个垫脚石，从失败中他们能生成更多创新的点子，所以具有成长型思维的人愿意接受挑战，故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你经历了失败，放弃了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群体。如果你经历过失败，并将其视为asteppingstone，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。）”可知，固定型思维的人遇到失败就放弃，而与之相对的是，成长型思维的人把失败当作有帮助的，可以促进发展，可推知，划线短语asteppingstone和D项“Achancetoadvance.（一次提高的机会）”意思相近，故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根据研究，具有成长型思维的人往往比固定型思维组的人产生更多的创造性想法）”可知，这句话为段首核心观点。下文“Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,‘Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?’Edisonanswered,‘Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.’（为了说明这一点，以托马斯·爱迪生为例。在19世纪，爱迪生试图改进灯泡，并试验了许多材料。经过一千多次试验，他终于发现了一种维持光的元素。一位记者曾经问他：‘你似乎已经尝试了很多次，但每次都失败了。为什么呢？’爱迪生回答说：‘我没有失败。我发现了一万种行不通的方法。’）”可知，此处为典型举例表述，结合其内容可知，作者提到爱迪生是以其为例来支撑本段首句提出的观点。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文第一、二段主要介绍了具有成长型思维的人和具有固定型思维的人对待失败的截然不同的态度和反应；第三、四段论证了具有成长型思维的人，善于用发展的眼光看待失败，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，更具有创造力，可本文的大意为：对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出。故选A项。DResearchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweaktheelderlyandchildren.Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical（UK）PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohumanemotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion（17%）,roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.Today’ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshowyouarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK—whohelpselderlypeopletostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.12.Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?A.Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.B.Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.C.Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.D.Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Robin’sfunctiontoreducepain.B.Robin’spopularityinhospitals.C.Robin’spracticalapplication.D.Robin’ssuccessinpassingtests.14.Howisparagraph4developed?A.Byconcludingviewpoints.B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Bygivingdefinition.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?A.ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.B.Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.C.Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.D.It’sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了对社交机器人的研究：以Robin为例，处于互动前沿的机器可以对情感做出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童，作者认为用社交机器人来看护将会是一个不可阻挡的有益的趋势。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.（对社交机器人的研究表明，处于互动前沿的机器可以对情绪做出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童。）”可知，社交机器人可以对情绪（feelings）作出回应并在情感上（emotionally）关爱弱者、老年人和小孩，这是它的不同之处，与题目中的uniquely相呼应，故B项“教患有精神疾病的青少年情绪表达”与文章内容相符，其余选项均非情感上的帮助。故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical（UK）PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.（罗宾被设计成一个陪伴机器人，为接受治疗的儿童提供情感支持。罗宾向他们解释医疗程序，玩游戏，讲故事，并在治疗期间分散他们的注意力，以减轻他们的痛感。该机器人使用人工智能来理解他人的感受，记住面部表情和对话，为后续会话建立对话。在亚美尼亚埃里温威格莫尔医学（英国）儿科诊所的试验中，研究小组发现，在120名使用罗宾机器人的儿童中，他们的压力减少了34%，幸福感增加了26%）”可知，本段介绍了Robin这款为接受治疗的孩子提供情感支持而设计的机器人的实际用途及其带来的积极影响。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion（17%）,roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.（人口趋势表明，随着时间的推移，对机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会增长。到2050年，全球65岁及以上的人口数量将达到16亿，占17%，大约是目前比例的两倍。英国还需要350万名护工，其中包括具有情感智能的机器人。）”可知，本段的中心句为第一句：人口趋势表明机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会逐步增长。接着，进一步阐述了原因：是未来老龄化人口的增长将导致护理人员需求的增加，其中也包括具有情感智能的机器人。因此，第四段是通过分析原因（analyzecauses）展开的。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.（对社交机器人的研究表明，处于互动前沿的机器可以对情绪做出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童。）”，第三段“Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.（问题在于，随着机器人变得更擅长处理社交场合，人们担心人类的工作可能会失去。）”，第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.（人口趋势表明，随着时间的推移，对机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会增长。）”可知，机器人在护理工作中会越来越多，呈增长趋势；以及最后一段“Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.（但可能会取得突破的新型号正在推出。人类的情感很难定义，但随着对机器人信任的增加，打破心理障碍变得更容易想象。）”可知，关于机器人取代人类来工作，因为能取得突破的社交机器人新型号的推出，以及人们对机器人的信任的增加，打破心理障碍也变得更有可能，作者对于社交机器人取代护理人员这一前景抱有期待，认为“机器人取代人类来做护理工作”有益且不可阻挡。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Helpingastrangercanbeeasierthanadvisingsomeonewe’veknownforever.Whenfriendsandfamilyaskforadvice,itismorecomplicated.____16____Togivebetteradvice,trylessfixingandmorelistening.____17____Youshouldstayopenifyoucan.Keepyourhandsfree.Keepyourfaceneutralandtrytoavoidlooksofshockorjudgment.Ifyoulooklikeyou’retenseoryou’redistracted,thepersonmightnotopenuptoyouasmuchasyouwouldwantthemto.Youcan’talwaysgiveadvicerightnow.TextsandFaceTimemightbeimmediate,butyouradvicedoesn’thavetobe.Youcanpolitelyexplaintosomeonethatyouwanttogivethemyourfullattentionwhenyou’reready.____18____Youdon’thavetofixtheproblem.Peoplewhoask“WhatshouldIdo?”oftenwanttoprocessaproblemthemselves.____19____Afriend’sprioritiesmightnotmatchyourown,butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’rewrong.Payattentiontopatterns.Whenyou’veknownsomeoneforyears,you’reawitnesstotheirpatternsandrepeatedmistakes.Insteadofsaying,“Ugh,you’vesaidthis15,000times,”youcanaskquestions.“Whatdoyouthinkthatmeans?”or“____20____”canbeagoodonewhenyou’retryingtogetsomeonetoconsidertheirowncycle.A.Bodylanguagematters.B.Listentothemcarefully.C.What’swrongwithyou?D.Whathasworkedforyoubefore?E.Otherwise,youcandomoreharmthangood.F.Ifwedon’tgetitright,wecouldhurtsomeonewelove.G.You’regivinggoodadviceifyoucanhelpthemgetthereontheirown.【答案】16.F17.A18.E19.G20.D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当朋友和家人寻求建议时，我们应如何处理，才不会伤害到他们，真正有利于他们解决问题，文章给出了相关的建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Helpingastrangercanbeeasierthanadvisingsomeonewe’veknownforever.Whenfriendsandfamilyaskforadvice,itismorecomplicated.（帮助一个陌生人可能比建议一个我们认识很久人更容易。当朋友和家人寻求建议时，情况就复杂多了）”可知，上文指出当朋友和家人向你寻求建议时可能情况比较复杂。下文“Togivebetteradvice,trylessfixingandmorelistening.（要给出更好的建议，试着少处理，多倾听。）”，此处给出了解决这个问题的建议。F项“Ifwedon’tgetitright,wecouldhurtsomeonewelove.（如果我们做不好，就会伤害到我们爱的人）”，F项承上启下，其中it呼应上文的情况givingadvicetofriendsandfamily，而someonewelove呼应上文friendsandfamily，同时因为F项提到的不良后果，顺接下文：针对这一问题给出建议。上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。【17题详解】根据下文“Youshouldstayopenifyoucan.Keepyourhandsfree.Keepyourfaceneutralandtrytoavoidlooksofshockorjudgment.Ifyoulooklikeyou’retenseoryou’redistracted,thepersonmightnotopenuptoyouasmuchasyouwouldwantthemto.（如果可以的话保持开放的态度。放开你的手。保持面部表情中立，尽量避免露出震惊或评判的表情。如果你看起来很紧张或心不在焉，这个人可能不会像你希望的那样对你敞开心扉。）”可知，本段内容均与身体语言（Bodylanguage）相关，故A项“Bodylanguagematters.（肢体语言很重要。）”符合语境，为本段的中心句。故选A项。【18题详解】上文“Youcan’talwaysgiveadvicerightnow.TextsandFaceTimemightbeimmediate,butyouradvicedoesn’thavetobe.Youcanpolitelyexplaintosomeonethatyouwanttogivethemyourfullattentionwhenyou’reready.（你不能总是当时给出建议。短信和FaceTime可能是即时的，但你的建议不一定是即时的。你可以礼貌地向某人解释，当你准备好了，你想给他们全部的注意力。）”可知，当被问及建议时，无需马上给出；E项“Otherwise,youcandomoreharmthangood.（否则，你会弊大于利。）”与上文形成对比关系，指出了如果不这样做的后果，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。【19题详解】上文“Peoplewhoask‘WhatshouldIdo?’oftenwanttoprocessaproblemthemselves.（那些问‘我该怎么办？’的人经常想自己解决问题。）”，下文“Afriend’sprioritiesmightnotmatchyourown,butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’rewrong.（朋友的优先级可能和你的不一样，但这并不意味着他们是错的。）”可知，有时候我们不需要过多干涉他们的选择。G项“You’regivinggoodadviceifyoucanhelpthemgetthereontheirown.（如果你能帮助他们自己做到这一点，你就给出了很好的建议。）”，与段落大意相符，其中的helpthemgetthereontheirown与上文中的processaproblemthemselves及下文中的afriend’spriorities相呼应，G项承上启下。故选G项。【20题详解】设空处在句中，上句“Insteadofsaying,‘Ugh,you’vesaidthis15,000times,’youcanaskquestions.（不要说‘啊，你已经说了15000次了’，你可以问问题。）”，以及“‘Whatdoyouthinkthatmeans?’or‘5’canbeagoodonewhenyou’retryingtogetsomeonetoconsidertheirowncycle.（当你试图让别人考虑他们自己的周期时，‘你认为这是什么意思？’或5，是一个很好的问题。）”可知，本空应与上句内容一致，即问问题，设空处应是一个问题，内容应让人去思考自己的经历，D项“Whathasworkedforyoubefore?（以前什么对你有用）”符合文意，故选D项。第三部分：语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.Becauseofhis____21____,mybrothertookawrongturn,takingustowardsa____22____andwehadnowaytoturnback.____23____,mybrotherpaidthebridgefeeanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe____24____wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslipwayand,aswetookit,mybrother____25____abeat-upblackcarparkedbythesideoftheroad.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby____26____someone.Iwasbusytryingtofigureoutwhich____27____wewentnextbutmybrother____28____andaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada（n）____29____tireandneededatooltogetitoff.Mybrothergaveittohim,thenproceededtohelphim_____30_____thetire.Afterwehadfinishedthejobhethankedusagainandagain,pulledout$20andtriedtogiveittous.“No,”mybrothersaid.“Wewerenever_____31_____toevengetonthatbridge.Wetooka_____32_____turn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoa（n）_____33_____toserve.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthis_____34_____.Hewasabletoseeachancetohelpeveninanotherwise_____35_____situation,whichcanonlycomefromacalmmindandanopenheart.21.A.happiness B.carelessness C.selfishness D.weakness22.A.bridge B.corner C.track D.house23.A.Nervously B.Immediately C.Unwillingly D.Unfortunately24.A.unusual B.hateful C.hopeless D.needless25.A.repaired B.noticed C.struck D.helped26.A.phoning B.reminding C.greeting D.recalling27.A.restaurant B.gasstation C.hotel D.way28.A.pulledtogetherB.pulledaway C.pulledover D.pulledthrough29.A.flat B.empty C.old D.dirty30.A.clean B.change C.fill D.choose31.A.supposed B.forced C.allowed D.required32.A.different B.opposite C.wrong D.distant33.A.wish B.ability C.belief D.opportunity34.A.progress B.arrangement C.process D.mistake35.A.dangerous B.destructive C.expensive D.negative【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哥哥由于粗心大意，拐错了弯，导致我们走错了路并必须支付过桥费，在这种情况下，哥哥仍然注意到了路边需要帮助的人，并帮助对方换轮胎，感谢对方给予自己一个帮助别人的机会，哥哥的这种心态让我敬佩。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐错了弯，把我们带到了一座桥上，我们没有办法回头。A.happiness幸福；B.carelessness粗心大意；C.selfishness自私；D.weakness虚弱。根据上文“MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.”可知，我哥哥边开车，边和我聊天，精力不集中，由此可知，由于他的粗心大意，他拐错了弯。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐错了弯，把我们带到了一座桥上，我们没有办法回头。A.bridge桥；B.corner角落；C.track轨道；D.house房子。根据下文“mybrotherpaidthebridgefee”可知，我哥哥付了过桥费，由此可知，我们开到了一座桥上。故选A项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥不情愿地付了过桥费，继续开车。A.Nervously焦虑地；B.Immediately立即；C.Unwillingly不情愿地；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根据下文“Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistake”可知，哥哥对自己的错误感到沮丧，由此可知，他是不情愿地付了过桥费，认为这个钱本不必花。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和4美元的不必要的浪费感到沮丧。A.unusual不寻常的；B.hateful可恶的；C.hopeless绝望的；D.needless不必要的。根据上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，哥哥是由于粗心拐错了弯，才导致不得不支付过桥费，由此可知，这是一笔不必要的浪费。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最终到达了一个出口滑道，在我们往出走的时候，我哥哥注意到一辆破旧的黑色汽车停