山东省烟台市2023年高三《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案

山东省烟台市2023年高三《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案第一部分：听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。1.Whatkindofmoviemightinteresttheman?A.Acomedymovie.B.Adetectivemovie.C.Aromanticmovie..2.Whenwillthemetingbescheduledfortomorrow?A.15:20.B.15:40.C.16:00.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Amusicschool.C.Theman’sbrother.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heenjoystryingnewthings.B.Hedoesn’tlikemakingcakes.C.Hepreferstosharehisnewrecipe.5.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Surprised.B.Depressed.C.Confident.第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdidthemanworkonthereport?A.Herewroteitinthelibrary.BHecollectedalotofvaluablematerial.C.Hepolisheditupaftertakingthewomansadvice.7.Howdoesthewomanliketheman’sreport?A.Simple.B.Outdated.C.Fine听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodothisweekend?A.Studyforanexam.B.Relaxherself.C.Callonfriends.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Seeingaplay.B.Goingtotheconcert.C.Watchingafilm.10.Whydothespeakersdecidetogotothemusicfestival?A.There’safamoussinger.B.It’sfreeforthemtoattend.C.Jennyinvitedthemtogowithher.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatwillthemanprobablydoontheproject?A.Collectthematerial.B.Writetheprojectplan.C.Dothecomputerwork.12.Whencanthemantakepartintheproject?A.OnApril29.B.OnMay1.C.OnMay3.13.Howwillthemangivethewomanhispersonalinformation?A.Byemail.B.Inperson.C.Byphone.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhatwillTinamainlydoinItaly?A.Goshopping.B.Travelaround.C.Attendaconference.15.WhatdoesTinathinkofstayingathome?A.Relaxing.B.Boring.C.Fun.16.WhatdoesBillwantTinatodo?A.TakehimtoRome.B.Buyhimsomepresents.C.Keepsomethingforhim.17.WhatdoesBillprefertocollect?A.Bottlecaps.B.Coins.C.Stamps.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhenwasNationalPoetryMonthofficiallylaunched?A.In1990.B.In1995.C.In1996.19.WhatdidtheAcademyofAmericanPoetsdoin1998?A.Itheldapoetrycontest.B.Ithandedoutbooksofpoetry.C.Itinvitedpeopletovoteforpoets.20.WhatdoweknowaboutNationalPoetryMonth?A.Itisquitepopularinmanyplaces.B.Studentswritethemostpoemsthatmonth.C.Itistheworld’ssecondlargestliterarycelebration.第二部分：阅读第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACALIFORNIACOLLEGEOFTHEARTS’PRE-COLLEGEPROGRAMHaveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinartanddesignschool?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativepowertothenextlevel!TheCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgramisopentoallinterestedparticipants,thosewithlittleartanddesignexperienceandthosewithadvancedskills.Participantswillhavetheopportunitytotakestudio-focused,college-levelcoursestohelpmakeconceptsandideasintorealworkswhileearning3collegecredits.In-person:July7-August3Animation3DArchitectureIllustration/DrawingIndustrialDesignPainting/DrawingYoursettingwillbetheCCASanFranciscocampus.YourbackdropwillbetheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometopowerhousebrands,techcompanies,world-classmuseums,andadynamicecosystemofartists,designers,andcreativesfromacrosstheglobe.Onlineofferings:June27—July29Thesethreestudiosallbeginat9a.m.MondaythroughFriday.Animation2D/3DFashionDesignGameDesignOnlinestudentsdonothaveaccesstoorparticipateinon-campusresourcesandactivities.Onlinecoursesaretypicallysmallerinsizeandtaughtbyhighlysuccessfulartists,architects,designersandwriters.Mostclassesmeettwotofivetimesweeklyandassignhomework,researchpapers,midtermsandfinals.AdditionalActivities:Optionaleveningandweekendactivitiessuchaslifedrawingsessions,lectures,andinterdisciplinary(跨学科)workshopsenhancetheoverallprogramexperience.Acalendarofactivitieswillbeprovidedtostudentstwoweeksbeforetheprogrambegins.Qualification:Theprogramisdesignedforthestudentswhowillhavecompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2023.1.Inwhichaspectwilltheprogrambenefittheparticipants?A.Winningacollegescholarship.B.Enhancingtheircreativity.C.Gettingallcreditsrequiredatcollege.D.Havingtheirartworkspublished.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheonlineofferings?A.Thecoursesaregivenbytopprofessionals.B.Onlinestudentscanuseon-campusresources.C.Theeveningandweekendactivitiesareamust.D.Studentshighly-experiencedinartsenjoypriority.3.Whoistheprogramtargetedat?A.Musicgeniuses. B.Studentsmajoringinart.C.Collegefreshmen. D.Highschoolgraduatesof2023.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了加州艺术学院的大学预科课程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativepowertothenextlevel!”（这是你作为一个个体成长的时间，把你的创造力提升到一个新的水平！）可知，该项目将在提高他们的创造力方面使参与者受益。故选B项。2题详解】细节理解题。根据Onlineofferings中“Onlinecoursesaretypicallysmallerinsizeandtaughtbyhighlysuccessfulartists,architects,designersandwriters.”（在线课程通常规模较小，由非常成功的艺术家、建筑师、设计师和作家教授。）可知，我们能从在线服务中了解到课程由顶级专业人士讲授。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Qualification:中“Theprogramisdesignedforthestudentswhowillhavecompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2023.”（该项目是为将在2023年夏天完成高中最后一年的学生设计的。）可知，这个项目的目标人群2023年高中毕业生。故选D项。BKidseverywherelovetoplay.Andtheyknowaballisaperfectthingtoplaywith.NowscientistsatLondon’sQueenMaryUniversityreportthatbumblebeesseemtoknowthesamething,makingbumblebeesthefirstinsectsknowntoplay.Whenpeopletalkabout“play”,they’redescribingananimaldoingsomethingthatdoesn’treallyseemtohelpit.They’renotdoingtheactiontogetfoodorshelteroranothersimilar“reward”.Playusuallyhappenswhenacreatureisrelaxedandisoftenrepeated.However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.Butbeforethis,therewerenoreportsofinsectsplaying.ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged(贴标签)45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.Thescientistssetupaclearpathwayfromthebumblebees’nesttoafeedingarea.Oneithersideoftheopenpathway,theresearchersplacedsmallcoloredwoodenballs.Ononesideofthepath,theballswereattachedandcouldn’tmove.Ontheotherside,theballscouldrollaround.Itturnedoutthatthebumblebeesweren’tinterestedintheunmovableballs,buttheymadelotsofvisitstotherollingballs.Grabbingtheballswiththeirlegs,thebeeswouldflap(拍打)theirwingstopullontheballs,causingthemtoroll.The45taggedbumblebeesrolledballs910timesduringtheexperiment.Thoughsomeonlydiditonce,othersdiditalot.Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyitButtheexperimentraisesimportantquestionsabouthowtheinsects’mindsworkandwhethertheyhavefeelings.Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.4.Whatisthepurposeofanimals’playaccordingtoscientists?A.Tofindidealshelter.B.Toreceiveextrarewards.C.Todevelopsurvivalskills.D.Togettheirfellows’attention.5.WhatdidDr.Chittka’sexperimentfocuson?A.Bumblebees’categories. B.Bumblebees’habitats.C.Bumblebees’intelligence. D.Bumblebees’behavior.6.Whatwastheresultoftheexperiment?A.Youngermalebumblebeespreferredtorolltheballs.B.Bumblebeespossesseddifferentwingbeatfrequency.C.Bumblebeescoulddistinguishballsofdifferentcolors.D.Aspecially-builtpathwayhelpedbumblebeesfindfood.7.WhatisDr.Chittka’sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?A.Uncertain. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Critical.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。各地的孩子都爱玩。他们知道球是玩的完美的东西。文章介绍了现在伦敦玛丽女王大学的科学家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也知道同样的事情，这使大黄蜂成为已知的第一个会玩的昆虫。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.”（然而，科学家们认为，许多动物和鸟类的玩耍是一种训练，以便它们在以后的生活中应对问题。）可知，科学家认为动物玩耍的目的是培养生存技能。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.”（Chittka博士实验室的科学家们进行了一项实验。首先，他们标记了45只1至23天大的小大黄蜂，有雄有雌。这些标签使蜜蜂更容易被识别和跟踪。）根据最后一段“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyit”（目前尚不清楚蜜蜂为什么会滚动这些球）可知，Chittka博士的实验关注的是大黄蜂的行为。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.”（年轻的大黄蜂花更多的时间滚球。雄性似乎比雌性更喜欢玩。）可知，实验结果发现年轻的雄性大黄蜂更喜欢滚球。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.”（随着进一步的研究，未来将为我们带来惊喜和答案，”Chittka博士说。）故可推知，Chittka博士对他们未来的研究持乐观的态度。故选C项。CDronehobbyistswillberequiredtoregistertheiraircraftwiththegovernmentorfaceunspecifiedpenalties(处罚),theUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)announcedanewlawonMonday.Themoveisanattempttopreventdronesendangeringairsafety,asthenumberofcomplaintsabouterrant(偏离的)flyershasskyrocketedinrecentmonths,theFAAsaid.“Wearecertainlyseeingasignificantincreaseinreports,”Huerta,administratoroftheFAA,said.“Clearly,thisisanindustrythatistakingoff.Andtherearealotofactivitiestakingplaceinthenationalairspacesystem.”Dronesaretakingtotheskiesingroups,andthenumberoftinyflyersisexpectedtomultiplyinthecomingyears.AmazonandGoogleaimtousedronestodelivercommercialgoodsinthenextdecade.Alreadythisyear,pilotsandothershavereported100complaintsaboutdronesamonth,roughlydoubletherateofcomplaintsin2021,theFAAsaid.Manyofthosecomplaintsareaboutclosecalls,inwhichdronesnarrowlymissotheraircraft.TheFAAbarspeoplefromflyingdroneswithin5milesofanairportorhigherthan400feetabovetheground.Butincreasingly,dronepilotsarebreakingthoserules.InAugust,forinstance,twoairplaneslandingatKennedyInternationalAirportcamewithin100feetofadroneflyingataheightofroughly800feet.Whensuchdronesviolate(侵犯)airspace,thegovernmentcurrentlyhasnowaytolocatetheiroperators.TheTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)andtheFAAareworkingoutthedetails,butrightnow,thenewregistrywouldn’trequiredronestocarrytrackers.Anditwouldn’tinstituteapolicyof“geofencing”,whichinvolvescreatingmarked-offsafespaceswheredroneswouldautomaticallybedeactivated.“Unlessadronecrashes,itcouldbedifficulttoidentifytinyflyersfromsightalone.Butourbiggestchallengesofarhasnotbeenidentifyingthedroneitself.It’sbeenconnectingitbacktothepersonwho’susingit,”saidFoxx,secretaryoftheTSA.8.WhydidtheFAAannouncethelaw?A.Topromotedrones’businessservices.B.Toregulatedronesforairspacesecurity.C.Toadjusttheflightdirectionoferrantdrones.D.Tochargepeopleforpersonaluseofairspace.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bars”inparagraph5mean?A.Frees. B.Saves. C.Distracts. D.Prohibits.10.WhatisthemajorproblemthattheTSAfacesconcerningdrones?A.Buildingsafedroneairspace.B.Trackingdownthedronepilots.C.Publicizingcurrentflightrules.D.Plantingtrackersonthedrones.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DronesWillGetPeopleinTroubleB.AmericaIsExpandingDroneIndustryC.ComplaintsAboutDronesContinuetoPourinD.FlyingUnregisteredDronesWillBeIllegalintheUS【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)周一宣布了一项新法律，无人机爱好者将被要求将他们的飞机注册为政府，否则将面临未指明的惩罚。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Themoveisanattempttopreventdronesendangeringairsafety,asthenumberofcomplaintsabouterrantflyershasskyrocketedinrecentmonths,theFAAsaid.”（美国联邦航空局表示，此举是为了防止无人机危及空中安全，因为近几个月来，有关飞行失误的投诉数量激增。）可知，美国联邦航空局宣布这项法律是为了加强无人机空域安全监管。故选B项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Butincreasingly,dronepilotsarebreakingthoserules.”（但越来越多的无人机飞行员正在打破这些规则。）but形成的转折，说明越来越多的无人机飞行员正在打破这些规则，故可猜测划线单词bars为“禁止”的意思，结合选项D项Prohibits“禁止”意思一致。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Whensuchdronesviolate(侵犯)airspace,thegovernmentcurrentlyhasnowaytolocatetheiroperators.”（当这类无人机侵犯空域时，政府目前无法定位其操作人员。）根据最后一段中“Butourbiggestchallengesofarhasnotbeenidentifyingthedroneitself.It’sbeenconnectingitbacktothepersonwho’susingit,”saidFoxx,secretaryoftheTSA.”（但到目前为止，我们最大的挑战并不是识别无人机本身。它一直在将它连接到使用它的人，”运输安全管理局局长福克斯说。）可知，TSA在无人机方面面临的主要问题是追踪无人机驾驶员。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Dronehobbyistswillberequiredtoregistertheiraircraftwiththegovernmentorfaceunspecifiedpenalties,theUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)announcedanewlawonMonday.”（美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)周一宣布了一项新法律，无人机爱好者将被要求将他们的飞机注册为政府，否则将面临未指明的惩罚。）可知，文章主要讲的是无人机爱好者必须要将他们驾驶的无人机注册，否则将面临未指明的惩罚。故文章最好的标题是“在美国，驾驶未注册的无人机将是非法的”。故选D项。DWhenAndretoothestandinacourtroomonafallafternoonin2022,hetestified(作证)tothefinancialworthofanold-growthredwood.AndreisaregisteredprofessionalforesterinCalifornia.Beforehistestification,forestersfromRedwoodNationalandStateParksinnorthernCaliforniaweredeepintoamonths-longinvestigationofburlpoaching(树瘤偷猎).Burls,thebarkcoveredgrowthsthatcanstickoutfromatree’strunk,produceawoodthat’svaluedforitsuniquegrainandsmoothworkability.Becauseoftheirbeautyandrelativerarity,old-growthburlsfetchveryhighpricesandareeventuallyturnedintotablesandbowls,orcarvedintostatues.BurlpoachingisanongoingconcerninnorthernCalifornia’sparks.Itaffectsthestabilityofsomeoftheonlyold-growthcoastalredwoods:Only4%ofthecoastalredwoodsremain,and45%ofthoseareconservedinparkboundaries.Whensomeonepoachesaburlfromoneoftheseancienttrees,itleavesthetreewithstructuraldamagethatcankillit,andmakesitmoresubjecttodisease.Whenpoachingcasesarebroughttotrial,judgesaretaskedwitharguingforapunishmentthattakesatree’sworthintoaccount.Therelianceonapurelymarket-basedfineisgraduallyfallingfromfavor.Judgeshavestartedarguingmoreforcefullyforvaluationthatconsiderstheforestasacomplexecosystem,withinwhichold-growthisjustasingle,yetcrucial,element.It’sashiftfromtheeasilyquantifiabletowardamulti-aspectconsiderationofworth.Thegravityofpoachingismostfelt,notsimplythelossofamarketableresource.Thenewstrategyispartlyduetothesurprisinglylowfinesforpoachers,usuallybasedonthatweek’swoodmarketdata.Finally,thejudgeshandeddowntwoyears’probation(缓刑),communityservicehoursanda$1,200finetothepoacher.Althoughjudgesandforesterscontinuetoargueforexpandingdefinitionsof“worth”",poachingfromAmericanforestsstillremainsworththerisk.12.Whatdrivespoacherstostealoldgrowthredwoodburls?A.Theabsenceofaforestlaw. B.Theburls’medicinalproperties.C.Thecommercialprofitsfromburls. D.Theburls’fastreproductionability.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?AWhereredwoodsaredistributed.B.Howmanyvarietiesofredwoodsexist.C.Whatthreatburlpoachingposestoredwoods.D.WhyCalifornia’sparksarehometoredwoods.14.Onwhatbasisshouldthepunishmentforpoachersbedetermined?A.Overallvalueofthetree. B.Previouspoachingcases.C.Averagewoodmarketprices. D.Environmentalimpactsofthetree.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewwaytojudgepoachingcases?A.Itfailstoreachdesiredeffects.B.Itcausespanicamongpoachers.C.Itdiscouragespeoplefrompoaching.D.Itguaranteesreasonablesentencestopoachers.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在北加州的公园里，树瘤偷猎一直是一个令人担忧的问题，以及关于判决偷猎案件的新手段并没有达到预期的效果。12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Becauseoftheirbeautyandrelativerarity,old-growthburlsfetchveryhighpricesandareeventuallyturnedintotablesandbowls,orcarvedintostatues.”（由于它们的美丽和相对稀有，古老的树瘤可以卖到很高的价格，最终被制成桌子和碗，或者雕刻成雕像。）故可推知，树瘤的商业利润驱使偷猎者去偷老红木树瘤。故选C项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“BurlpoachingisanongoingconcerninnorthernCalifornia’sparks.Itaffectsthestabilityofsomeoftheonlyold-growthcoastalredwoods:Only4%ofthecoastalredwoodsremain,and45%ofthoseareconservedinparkboundaries.Whensomeonepoachesaburlfromoneoftheseancienttrees,itleavesthetreewithstructuraldamagethatcankillit,andmakesitmoresubjecttodisease.”（在北加州的公园里，偷猎树瘤一直是一个令人担忧的问题。它影响了一些仅有的古老的海岸红杉的稳定性：只有4%的海岸红杉仍然存在，其中45%被保护在公园边界。当有人从这些古树上偷取树瘤时，它会给树留下结构上的损伤，这可能会杀死它，并使它更容易生病。）可知，这段主要讲的是偷猎树瘤对红杉的威胁。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Judgeshavestartedarguingmoreforcefullyforvaluationthatconsiderstheforestasacomplexecosystem,withinwhichold-growthisjustasingle,yetcrucial,element.It’sashiftfromtheeasilyquantifiabletowardamulti-aspectconsiderationofworth.”（法官们已经开始更有力地支持将森林视为一个复杂生态系统的估值，在这个生态系统中，原始植被只是一个单一但至关重要的因素。这是一个从容易量化到多方面考虑价值的转变。）可知，对偷猎者的惩罚应根据树的整体价值来确定。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Althoughjudgesandforesterscontinuetoargueforexpandingdefinitionsof“worth”",poachingfromAmericanforestsstillremainsworththerisk.”（尽管法官和森林继续主张扩大“价值”的定义，但是从美国森林中偷猎仍然值得冒险。）可知，关于判决偷猎案件的新方法，我们可以推断出它没有达到预期的效果。故选A项。第二节：阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。75yearsafterhumanssuccessfullyputtheirfirstobjectintospace,it’smucheasiertolaunchasatellite,butalotmessieroncewe’reupthere.”____16____Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.Sospacesustainabilityhasbecomeabigconcern.____17____Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.____18____Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus(共识)onwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.Firstwhyshouldwekeepthingscleaninorbit?Weusesatellitestochecktheweather,findourwayaround,andforfinancialpurposes.Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.____19____Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.____20____Onlyinthiswaycanwekeepthoseorbitalhighwaysopenforthenextgenerationandbeyondbeforetheyaredeadlyblockedbyspacejunk.A.Theyprovideservicescloselyrelatedtoourlife.B.Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.C.Anyway,weshouldquickenthepaceofclearingup.D.Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.E.Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.F.Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.G.Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空垃圾现状以及呼吁全球一致共同清除。【16题详解】由后文“Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.(大约有5000颗卫星在轨道上运行，实际运行的卫星不到一半。当一颗卫星停止运行时，它会以非常高的速度运行，对有用的卫星构成巨大威胁。)”可知，这里主要讲没用的卫星成了垃圾威胁其它有用卫星。而D项Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.(太空越来越拥挤和危险。)符合语境，其中dangerous与下文agreatthreat对应。故选D项。【17题详解】由后文“Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.(一个建议的解决方案是给死去的卫星加油，让它们复活。另一个概念是用一个有四个手臂的机器人抓住一颗死卫星，然后把它拖到大气中烧掉。)”可知，后文在讲解决太空中垃圾的方案。而F项Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.(科学家们正在努力寻找解决这个问题的策略。)符合语境，其中strategies和后文Onesuggestedsolution对应。故选F项。【18题详解】由后文“Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensusonwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.(在数百英里外操作机器人是很困难的。世界还没有就我们为什么要清理太空垃圾达成共识，也没有真正的规则来指导我们如何在那里工作。)”可知，后文主要讲清理垃圾在技术和政治上面的困难。而B项Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.(但这在技术上和政治上都很困难。)符合语境，其中technically和Operatingarobot以及politically和theworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus对应。故选B项。【19题详解】由上文“Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.(太空数据不仅为我们提供了地球的美丽图片，还提供了有关气候变化、自然灾害和其他可以帮助人类应对地球挑战的信息。)”可知，这里主要讲太空数据对我们的用处。而E项Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.(因此，我们在很大程度上依赖于空间，需要对其进行整理。)符合语境，其中wedependlargelyonspace有承上作用，itneedstobetidiedup有启下作用。故选E项。【20题详解】由前文“Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.(那么，我们人类怎么能作为一个大社区来思考呢？政府应该制定强有力的法规。公司应该参与共同的实践，科学家应该想出切实可行的方法。)”可知，这里主要从几方面讲我们人类应该怎样做来清理太空垃圾。而G项Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.(所有这些都已整合到我们真正需要的解决方案中。)符合语境，其中Allofthese与上文的几方面措施对应。故选G项。第三部分：语言运用第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At17,Iquitschool,lefthomeandmovedfromplacetoplace.Yearslater,Iwas____21____forpossessingdrugs.I’dnevertoucheddrugs,butnobodybelievedmebecausemywanderinglifestylefailedtodefendmy____22____Iwassenttoprison.MycellmatewasHerbert.Webothworkedintheelectricshop.Iwouldn’tletthefactthatIwas____23____imprisoneddefeatme;sotokeepmyself____24____Ivolunteeredforextrawork,MyattitudeandeffortearnedmeHerbert’sconfidenceandfriendship.BeforeHerbertwas____25____,heofferedmeajobathisbigcompany.NeverhadIexpected____26____wouldsmileonme!DeeplytouchedbyHerbert’s____27____IwasdeterminedthatsomedayI’dhelpotherex-prisonersthisway.Onceoutofprison,IwenttoHerbert’scompany,whereIwas____28____rapidlythroughhardwork.WhenIhada____29____inemployment,Ibegantoperformthe____30____Ihadmadetomyself.Throughtheyears,wehaveofferedover300ex-prisoners____31____jobs.Webelieveinthem,regardlessoftheirpast.Asweknow,prison____32____aman.Whenhisternends,societyrarelygiveshimapaid-in-fullreceipt.Hecarriesthe____33____of“prisoner”whereverhegoes.Nobodytrustsorwantshim.Theonly____34____openforhimmightleadbacktocrime.I’mgladI’ve____35____someofthemandinspiredtheirpassionforanewlife.21.A.fired B.arrested C.rejected D.blamed22.A.dignity B.ambition C.innocence D.identity23.A.unjustly B.indirectly C.leisurely D.readily24.A.comfortable B.satisfied C.humble D.occupied25.A.sentenced B.released C.punished D.rescued26.A.duty B.freedom C.courage D.fortune27.A.trust B.honesty C.praise D.forgiveness28.A.promoted B.convinced C.informed D.educated29.A.choice B.judgment C.direction D.voice30.A.task B.function C.promise D.explanation31.A.challenging B.first-rate C.decent D.temporary32.A.limits B.transforms C.disciplines D.marks33.A.label B.attitude C.signal D.manner34.A.advice B.position C.route D.reward35.A.caughtupwithB.reachedoutto C.keptawayfrom D.gotaheadof【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.D27.A28.A29.D30.C31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者含冤入狱，出狱后努力工作，在曾经狱友的公司里帮助有入狱前科的人的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，我因藏毒品而被捕。A.fired开除；B.arrested逮捕；C.rejected拒绝；D.blamed责备。根据后文“Iwassenttoprison”可知因为藏毒被逮捕了。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未接触过毒品，但没有人相信我，因为我流浪的生活方式无法捍卫我的清白——我被送进了监狱。A.dignity尊严；B.ambition抱负；C.innocence无辜；D.identity身份。根据上文“I’dnevertoucheddrugs,butnobodybelievedme”可知作者是无辜的，但没人能证明。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不会让我被不公平地囚禁的事实打败我；所以为了让自己忙碌，我自愿做额外的工作。A.unjustly不公地；B.indirectly间接地；C.leisurely悠闲地；D.readily准备好地。结合上文可知作者是含冤入狱的，即不公平。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不会让我被不公平地囚禁的事实打败我；所以为了让自己忙碌，我自愿做额外的工作。A.comfortable自在的；B.satisfied满足的；C.humble谦虚的；D.occupied忙碌的。根据后文“Ivolunteeredforextrawork”自愿做额外的工作是为了让自己忙碌起来。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在赫伯特被释放之前，他让我在他的大公司工作。A.sentenced判刑；B.released释放；C.punished惩罚；D.rescued营救。赫伯特是被释放前承诺作者的，故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未想过命运会向我微笑！A.duty义务；B.freedom自由；C.courage勇气；D.fortune命运，运气。作者有工作了，所以是时来运转，命运对他微笑了。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：赫伯特的信任深深打动了我，我决定有一天我也要用这种方式帮助其他有前科的人。A.trust信任；B.honesty诚实；C.praise赞美；D.forgiveness原谅。赫伯特让作者在自己的公司工作，信任作者。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意:出狱后，我去了赫伯特的公司，通过努力工作，我很快就得到了提升。A.promoted提高,晋升；B.convinced相信；C.informed通知；D.educated教育。根据后文“rapidlythroughhardwork”指通过努力工作得到晋升。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在就业中有了发言权时，我开始履行我对自己做出的承诺。A.choice选择；B.judgment判断；C.direction方向；D.voice声音。上文提到作者得到了晋升，即有了发言权。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在就业中有了发言权时，我开始履行我对自己做出的承诺。A.task任务；B.function功能；C.promise承诺；D.explanation解释。根据上文“somedayI'dhelpotherex-prisonersthisway.”指履行之前的诺言。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们为300多名有前科的人提供了体面的工作。A.challenging挑战性的；B.first-rate一流的；C.decent体面的；D.temporary暂时的。根据后文“Webelieveinthem,regardlessoftheirpast.(我们相信他们，不管他们的过去)”指为300多名有前科的人提供了体面的工作。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，监狱会标记一个人。A.limits限制；B.transforms转变；C.disciplines纪律；D.marks标记。根据后文提到带着罪犯的标签，可知，监狱会标记一个人。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他走到哪里都带着“囚犯”的标签。A.label标签；B.attitude态度；C.signal信号；D.manner礼貌。根据后文“of“prisoner”whereverhegoes”指走到哪里都带着“囚犯”的标签。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。A.advice建议；B.position位置；C.route路途；D.reward奖励。根据上文“Nobodytrustsorwantshim.(没有人信任或需要他)”可知，有前科的人唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很高兴我与他们中的一些人进行了接触，激发了他们对新生活的热情。A.caughtupwith赶上；B.reachedoutto联系；C.keptawayfrom远离；D.gotaheadof提前。根据后文“someofthemandinspiredtheirpassionforanewlife”指接触了有前科的人，激发了他们对新生活的热情。故选B。第二节：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Although____36____(use)inmanyAsiancountries,chopstickshavetheirbeginninginChina.Chinesechopsticksdatebackover4,000yearstoXiaDynasty.It’ssaidthat,____37____(save)timeforcontrollingfloods,Dayu,agreatrulerinancientChina,atehotfoodwithsticks.By500AD,chopstickshadb