安徽省部分学校2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题2

高一英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdidthewomanbuyforMary?A.AniPad.B.Abicycle.C.Acoffeemaker.2.Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A.Astorm.B.Ahouse.C.Anaccident.3.HowlongdoesthewomanwanttotakealeaveofabsenceA.For10days.B.For14days.C.For24days.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Checkherorder.B.Offerherafreesalad.C.Servefoodrightaway.5.Whattimedosethemanoffertopickupthewoman?A.At6:45pm.B.At7:00pm.C.At7:30pm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Athome.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Checktheweatherreport.B.Gooutforbrunch.C.WatchTV.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowabouttheman?A.Hispersonalinformation.B.Hisparents.C.Hishometown.9.Whydidthemanchoosetoworkwithputers?A.Formoney.B.Forinterest.C.Forhisparents.10.Whatdoesthemanprobablydonow?A.Herunshispany.B.Heworkswithmachines.C.Hestudiesatcollege.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whenwastheinterviewsupposedtostart?A.At7:40am.B.At8:00am.C.At8:20am.12.WhywasBrucestoppedbytheboss?A.Hefailedtoanswerthequestionwell.B.Thebosshadtoattendameeting.C.Someonecalledtheboss.13.WhatdidthebossaskBrucetodo?A.Setoutearliernexttime.B.eagainthreedayslater.C.Leavehispersonalinformatic.听第9段材料，回答第14至10题。14.WhatdoesBillvlike?A.Boats.B.Operas.C.Paintings.15.WhatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodoinOxfordStreet?A.Dosomeshopping.B.Enjoyanopera.C.Visitherparents.16.Whatis.theprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Guideandvisitor.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatisHaminterestedin?A.Collectingglassbottles.B.Buildingspecialhouses.C.Makingthingsoutofglassbottles.18.WhydidHamdecidetobuildthespecialhouse?A.Becauseofhiskids’encouragement.B.Becauseofhissecondson’sdeath.C.Becauseofhiseldestson’sbirth.19Whatismoreinterestingaboutthespecialhouse?A.Itcostsmuchless.B.Itisverystrong.C.It’stheonlyoneintheworld20.WhatdidHamdoaboutthehouse?A.Hedonateditasaworkofart.B.Heuseditasaweddingpresent.C.Helivedinitalone.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHerearethisyear’sfourscientificdiscoveriesthatcouldleadtonewinventions.Discovery1—Tosurviveintheocean,someanimalshidethemselvesfromthelight,hopingnottobefoundbyapredator(捕食者).However,theireyesreflect(反射)light,creatingshinethatcangiveawaytheirlocation.Sometinycrustaceans(甲壳类动物)havedevelopedawayaroundthisdisadvantage.Theireyesarecoveredwithasheetofspecialglassthateffectivelymatchestheireyeshinetothecolorofsurroundingwater.Inthisway,theybeeinvisible(看不见的).Thisdiscoverymighthelpresearchersimproverelativetechnologiesinremotesensingandmunications.Discovery2—Brownbearsseldomsufferfrombloodclots(血栓).Tofindouthowtheydoit,scientiststrackeddownbrownbearsinSweden.Theydiscoveredoneprotein(蛋白质)inbrownbearsshowedasignificantseasonalchange.Thediscoverycouldprovidewaysforpreventivetreatmentforcancerpatientsandthoselikelytodevelopbloodclots.Discovery3—Aspcaterpillarvenom(毛虫毒液)containsanunusualprotein.Whenitreachestheoutersurfaceofacell(细胞),thisproteinmakesaholethroughthecellwall.Byresearchingsuchnature,engineerscoulddevelopmedicinedeliverywaystogetdrugs(药物)insidecellswheretheyneedtowork.Discovery4—Thisyear,scientistsfoundtwospecialproteinsinbowheadwhales.TheproteinscalledCIRBPandRPA2playaroleinDNArepair,makingtheanimalsunlikelytodevelopcancers.Asascientistsays,weprobablyhavethesolutiontocancermedicineoutthereinnaturealready.1.Whatcanweknowaboutthetinycrustaceans?A.Theireyesreflectlightandcreateshine. B.Theycancarefullyhidethemselves.C.Theireyesdonotshinewhilereflectinglight. D.Theyareeasilyfoundbytheirpredators.2.Whichdiscoverymightimprovewaysdoctorsusedrugs?A.Discovery1. B.Discovery2. C.Discovery3. D.Discovery4.3.Whatdothefourdiscoverieshaveinmon?A.Theyprovideaninspirationfornewideasorwaysofdoingthings.B.Theymightbringaboutabreakthroughinmunication.C.Theyareallgoodforenvironmentalprotection.D.Theyareallconcernedwithendangeredanimals.BAsaboy,Iknewlittleaboutbaseball.YetIlaterbecamethefatheroftwoboys,WillandTim,whowerebothinterestedinbaseball.OnSaturdaymornings,I’dtakeWillouttotheplaygroundandplaycatchwithhim.Becauseofmyweakarm,theballoftendroppedbeforehecouldcatchit.Aftermanymisses,hesaidoneday,“HowamIevergoingtomakethemajorleagues(联盟)?”“Youhavethewrongdad,kid,”Ithought.Baseballisn’tmything.Still,Iwantedtogivemykidsconfidenceonthefield.TherewasanofficialLittleLeagueinourarea,butitwassuperpetitiveandonlycateredtoolderboys.Ireallyhopedwehadsomethinglesspetitive,somethingthatweledyoungerboysandgirls.Isharedtheideawithsomeneighbors.“Thatwouldbegreat!”theysaid.Nowwhocouldorganizesuchathing?Notme.Itriedtoputtheideaaside,butitwouldn’tleaveme.IfinallydecidedthatImustdosomethingaboutit.SoIcalledthecitygovernment,explainingthatsomefamilieswantedtostartabaseballleagueinourneighborhood.Werethereanyfieldsforthat?WhenIhadtospeaktotheofficialincharge,Igotbutterfliesinmystomach.Whatifhesaidno?“Yes,wehavetwofieldsforfourhourseverySundaymorning,”themansaidhearingmyrequest.Ourleaguewasfounded.Whatajoyitwastositonthebenches,watchingWillandTimplayingbaseball!AndIbecamethemostunlikelybaseballmissioner(专员)ever.Manyyearshavepassed.NowWillandTimarenewdads,andIcan’twanttoseewhatthey’llhavetodo.Iknowbetterthananyone:Parenthoodcallsyoutodothemostunlikelythings.4.WhydidtheauthorthinkhissonWillhadthewrongfather?A.Hehadpoorbaseballskills. B.Hehadnoconfidenceinhisson.C.Hewouldn’tplaycatchwithhisson. D.Hedidn’tknowwhathisson’sdreamwas.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“cateredto”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Wontherespectof. B.Ensuredthesafetyof.C.Servedthepurposeof. D.Savedthetroubleof.6.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhiletalkingtotheofficial?A.Confident. B.Peaceful. C.Nervous. D.Proud.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?A.Theneedtochallengeoneself. B.Thegreatnessofparentallove.C.Theroleofsportsinkids’growth. D.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandkids.CSteveDavies,a23yearoldboarddesignerinWales,isdevelopingasurfboardmadefrommycelia(菌丝体)insteadofplastic.A2022reportshowedthatmorethan400,000boardsaremadeeachyear.Theglobalmarketforsurfboardsreached$2.2billionin2020andisexpectedtoreach$3.2billionby2027.Butabout80%ofboardsaremadefromplastic,whichcantakehundredsofyearstobreakdown.Thiswillbeaseriousproblemfortheenvironmentasthemarketgrows.“Andevenwhenitdoesbreakdown,itcangointofish’secosystem(生态系统),whichmeansthathumanswillendupeatingthisplastic,”Daviessaid.Daviesmadehisfirstsurfboardin2020,buttheexperienceshowedhimmanyharmfulmaterialswereproducedinmakingeachboard.Duringhisfinalyearatuniversity,hestartedlookingintomyceliaandmakinghisbelovedsportmoreenvironmentfriendly.“Myfamilyownsafarmwithhorses,soIwasquicklyabletocollectsubstratematerial(基料)intheformofhorsebedding,toallowthemyceliatogrowin,”Daviesexplained.“Thisgavemeanideatostartasurfboardbusiness—growingsurfboardsonafarmnearthebeachandusingwastematerialsfromthatverysamefarm,reducingthetransportofmaterials,andthereforereducingcarbon(碳)givenoutintotheenvironment.”“Intherightconditions,wewillgrowamyceliumboardinaround21days,”Daviessaid.“Thedreamwouldbetomakeitthenewstandard.Connectingwithnaturewouldbethenewdesignrulesandthatwouldbereallycool.We’reusingtheseaandweshouldgivebacktothesea.”8.WhatdothenumbersinParagraph2mainlyshow?A.Goingsurfingcostsalotofmoney. B.Surfingispopularwithyoungpeople.C.Designingsurfboardsisagoodbusiness. D.Makingecofriendlysurfboardsisnecessary.9.WhydoesDaviesmention“fish’secosystem”?A.Toexplainarule. B.Topresentareason.C.Tomakeaparison. D.Toshareanexperience.10.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.WhyDavieslovedtodesignsurfboards.B.WhatmadeDavies’surfboardbusinesspossible.C.WhyDavieswantedtostudymyceliaatuniversity.D.HowDaviescollectedsubstratematerialtomakesurfboards.11.WhatcanwelearnfromDavies’wordsinthelastparagraph?A.Hesupportsenvironmentfriendlyproducts. B.Hehopestosucceedinsellingsurfboards.C.Helovestogetdesigningideasfromsea. D.Hedreamsofcreatingcoolersurfboards.DWhilescientistshavemanyideas,theyarenotcertainwhyhumansyawn(打哈欠).Still,thereisonethingexpertsknow—yawnsseemtobecontagious(传染)!Haveyouevercaughtayawnfromsomeoneelse?Mostpeoplehave.Infact,apersonissixtimesmorelikelytoyawnafterseeingsomeoneelsedoso.Expertshavedonemanystudiesintowhyyawnsseemtopassfrompersontoperson.Asaresult,theyhaveafewtheories(理论)forthereasonbehindit.Onepossibleexplanationhassomethingtodowithsocialmirroring,whichiscausedbymirrorneurons(镜像神经元)inthebrain.Thesemirrorneuronshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotheryawn,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandconsiderittobebeneficial.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.Anotherpopulartheoryisthatyawnsarecontagiousbecauseofsocialrelationships.Beingsocialcreatures,humansformfriendships,familiesandlivetogetheringroups.That’swhymanypeoplemirrorothers,suchassmilingwhenanotherpersonsmiles.Yawningmaybejustanotherexampleofthis.Infact,researchhasshownthatoneismostlikelytocatchyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.Theanswercouldevenbethatyawnsaren’ttrulycontagiousatall.Instead,peopleyawntogethersimplybecausethey’reinthesameenvironment.Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning,includingtemperatureandtimeofday.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatcontagiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.12.Whatkindofbehaviormaybecopiedbymirrorneurons?A.Importantandattractive. B.Usefulandbeneficial.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Easytocopy.13.WhoseyawnsarepeoplemostlikelytocatchaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Thosewhoyawnalot. B.Thosewholikesmiling.C.Thosecloselyconnectedwiththem. D.Thosesharingthesameinterestwiththem.14.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Tipsonhowtoavoidyawninginpublic.B.Arealexplanationforcontagiousyawning.C.Otherexamplesofanimalsyawningtogether.D.Thingsthatmaycauseyawningamonghumans.15.Whichofthefollowingservesasthebesttitle?A.Whyyawnsarecontagious B.WhatcausespeopletoyawnC.Whoyawnsmorethanothers D.Whyhumansyawnnowandthen第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonebenefitsfromexercise,nomattertheirage,sexorphysicalability.Hereareafewwaysthatexercisecanleadtoahappier,healthieryou.Exercisecontrolsweight.Whenyoutakepartinphysicalactivity,youburncalories.Regulartripstothegymaregreat,butdon’tworryifyoucan’tfindlotsoftimetoexerciseeveryday.___16___Justgetmoreactivethroughoutyourday.Forexample,takethestairsinsteadoftheelevator.Worriedaboutheartdiseases?Expectingtopreventhighbloodpressure?___17___Beingactiveincreasesthe“good”cholesterol(胆固醇)anddecreasesunhealthytriglycerides(甘油三酯).Thiskeepsyourbloodflowingsmoothly,reducingyourriskofsufferingfromheartandblooddiseases.Needinganemotionallift?___18___Avisittothegymorabriefwalkcanhelp.Physicalactivitystimulates(刺激)manybrainchemicalsthatmayleaveyoufeelinghappier,morerelaxedandlessanxious.Strugglingtofallintosleep?Regularphysicalactivitycanhelpyoufallasleepfaster,getbettersleepanddeepenyoursleep.___19___Oryoumaybetooenergizedtogotosleep.___20___Theygiveyouachancetoenjoytheoutdoorsorsimplydoactivitiesthatmakeyouhappy.Physicalactivitycanalsohelpyouconnectwithfamilyorfriendsinafunsocialsetting.Findaphysicalactivityyouenjoy,andjustdoit.Bored?Trysomethingnew,ordosomethingwithfriendsorfamily.A.Justexercise.BJustdon’texercisetooclosetobedtime.C.Anyamountofactivityisbetterthannone.D.Hopingtolowerstressafterastressfulday?E.Benefitsofregularexercisearehardtoforget.F.Exerciseandphysicalactivitycanbefunandsocial!G.Feelingtiredaftergroceryshoppingordoinghousework?第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasNovember.Theskywasgraywithdarkcloudsandafreezingrain.Mymood___21___theday.ThanksgivingwasingsoonandthenChristmasbutafterthatwasalong,dark,coldwinterandIwasn’t___22___it.TheolderIgot,thelessitseemedI___23___thewintermonths.WhenIwasaboy,theymeant___24___inthesnow,makingsnowmen,havingsnowballfights,andthensittingwithmydogbythe___25___andreadingmyfavoritebooks.Nowtheyjust___26___watchingthedaysgetshorter,drivingonslippyroads,andfeelingthecoldwindbitemyfaceeverytimeIwentoutside.Ilayonmybed,hopingIcouldsleepunderthecoversuntil___27___.Justthenmylittledogclimbedontomy___28___andlookedatmewithherbig,weteyes.Sheappearedsosadandmiserable.“IsthathowI___29___rightnow?”Ithought,knowingthatsheoften___30___mymoods.Ismiledandpattedheruntilshesmiledtoo.Ifeelgratefulforhavingthisloving,littledog.She___31___methatthewholeworldaroundusisourmirror.Wecaneitherbeareflectionof___32___ordarkness.Wecaneithergivetheworldkindnessandjoyorfearand___33___.Lifetrulyiswhatwe___34___itandwecanreflectourwarmth,loveandlighteveninwinter’s___35___days.21.A.counted B.admired C.matched D.rescued22.A.lookingforwardto B.keepingupwith C.takingnoticeof D.gettingalongwith23.A.achieved B.remembered C.needed D.liked24.A.playing B.training C.performing D.driving25.A.roadside B.tree C.river D.fire26.A.enjoyed B.meant C.advised D.regretted27.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter28.A.stage B.desk C.bed D.chair29.A.sound B.look C.smell D.taste30.A.demanded B.forgot C.mirrored D.delivered31A.reminds B.suggests C.warns D.promises32.A.peace B.light C.silence D.patience33.A.doubt B.surprise C.shame D.anger34.A.have B.use C.take D.make35.A.happiest B.simplest C.darkest D.Busiest第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Plantloversbelievethattalkingtoplantshelpsthemgrow.Scientistshavediscoveredtherecouldbereal___36___(true)inthisbelief.Researchershavediscoveredthatplantsgiveoffsoundswhentheyarestressed.Thesoundsarequitesimilar___37___ahumancry.Unfortunatelyplantsoundsareattoohighafrequencyforthehumanear___38___(pick)up.Humanscanonlyhearfrequenciesofupto16kilohertz(赫兹).UsingspecialAltechnology,scientistscannowpickupsounds___39___(send)outbyplantsthatareupto250kilohertz.TheAlcanalsotelldifferencesbetweendifferenttypesofplantsounds.Theresearch___40___(do)inagreenhouseatIsrael’sTelAviyUniversity.LeadresearcherProfessorLilachHadanysaid:“Plantsusuallygiveoffsoundswhenthey___41___(be)understress.Eachplantandeachtypeofstressisconnectedwith___42___specificsound.”Shesuggestedthatcropfieldscouldbequite___43___(noise),saying“Whileunabletobepickedupbythehumanear,thesoundsgivenoffbyplantscanbeheardbybats,___44___(mouse)andinsects.Understandingthesesoundscouldhelpusknowwhencropsneedwatering,___45___meansfarmerscouldwatertheircropsmoreefficientlyandthussavewaterandmoney.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席。本周六，你校计划去郊区的某生态农场参加劳动实践。请你代表学生会写一则通知发布在校英文网站上，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动安排；3.呼吁参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考词汇：生态农场anecologicalfarmNotice____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’UnionMarch4th,2024第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。PeopleinVictoriahaveoftenbeenadmiredastheyenjoytheyearroundgoodclimateofCanada’s“bananabelt”.SowhentheunusualsnowstormstrucktheareathisDecember,Victoriansweren’tprepared.BeforeChristmasholidaywasover,Victorianswishedtheywouldneverseesnowagain!However,betweenDecember21stand29th,somuchsnowfell.ThelittlecitythatseldomseessnowwascoveredbysnowthatwasoverImeterdeep.Icalledmy87yearoldmother,wholivedinadowntownnursinghome.Shewasinpoorhealth,buthermin