人教高中英语选修7-Unit ~课时练习及解析

PAGEPAGE1人教版高中英语选修七Unit1~2课时练习Ⅰ.单项填空1．Doyouthinkcampingandclimbingisofmuch________toourhealth?A．benefit B．beneficialC．benefits D．benefiting解析：benefit可作名词和动词，beneficial是形容词，bebeneficialto相当于beof(much)benefit，意为“对……有好处”。答案：A2．Oneofthebestmeasurestodecreasetherateofaccidentsistoeducatepeopleto________thetrafficrules.A．desire B．obeyC．rid D．conduct解析：句意：将发生交通事故的几率降低的最有效的措施之一就是教育人们遵守交通规则。obey在此意为“遵守(法律、规则等)”。desire“希望得到，想要”。rid“摆脱，去除”；conduct“指挥，管理，主持。”答案：B3．Weranallthewaytothecinema，arrivingtherequiteoutof________.A．mind B．breathC．sight D．reach解析：句意：我们一路跑到电影院，到达那里时已经上气不接下气(outofbreath)了。outofmind“心不在焉”；outofsight“看不见”；outofreach“够不到”。答案：B4．Theteacherallowedus5minutesto________thetextthroughtogetageneralideaofthewholepassage.A．discuss B．adaptC．pile D．scan解析：句意：老师给了我们5分钟时间来浏览全文，掌握其大意。discuss“讨论”；adapt“修改，改编”；pile“罗列，堆积”；scan“浏览”。根据句意D项正确。答案：D5．Distancelearningisbeing________inseveralcountriestohelpchildreninremoteruralschoolsobtainbettereducation.A．attended B．adoptedC．adapted D．admitted解析：根据句意判断应选B项。句意：在有些国家远程学习正在被采用以帮助偏远乡村学校的孩子们获得更好的教育。答案：B6．Theboywasreportedto________sincetheearthquakehitthearea.A．havebeenlost B．havegotlostC．belost D．getlost解析：句意：有消息报道这个男孩自地震发生后就失踪了。因为有since...，故需用动词不定式的完成形式，而getlost表示短暂的动作，不能与延续性时间状语连用，故选A项。答案：A7．Nomatterwhatdifficultyyouwill________，carryoutyourplan.A．meetwith B．getacrossC．agreewith D．setaside解析：句意：不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。meetwith意为“遇到，经历”。getacross“被理解”；agreewith“同意”；setaside“将……放在一边，留出”。答案：A8．Thestudentsdohopeto________bytheteacher'scommentsontheircompositions.A．profit B．judgeC．stand D．drop解析：句意：学生们真心希望能从老师对他们的作文的评语中受益。profitby意为“从……中得益，从……中得到好处”。judgeby“根据……来判断，从……来看”；standby“站在一边，支持”。答案：A9．—You'vekeptmerunningoffmyfeet.I'mtoobusy!—You'renotpaid________doingnothing.A．sittingaround B．sataroundC．tohavesataround D．tositaround解析：句意：——你让我马不停蹄。我太忙了！——花钱雇你来可不是让你光坐着不干活的！tositaround是动词不定式作状语，意为“闲坐着”。答案：D10．Itakethisseriously.It'sa(n)________ofprinciple.A．affair B．matterC．event D．business解析：句意：我对此很认真。这是原则问题。amatterof...意为“关于……的问题”。affair“事情，公共或政治事务”；event“重大事件，(比赛)项目”；business“商业事务，分内事，公务”。答案：B11．—Herecomesthebus，andIhavetogonow.—Goodbye，and________！A．nohurry B．allthebestC．takeyourtime D．noway解析：allthebest常用于告别或祝酒等场合，意为“(祝你)一切顺利”。答案：B12．________，allthestudentspassedtheentranceexamination.A．Muchtotheteacher'ssatisfactionB．Totheteacher'smuchsatisfactionC．Muchtotheteacher'ssatisfactoryD．Totheteacher'sgreatsatisfactory解析：toone'ssatisfaction“使某人满意的是”。to为介词，而satisfactory为形容词，故排除C、D两项。muchtoone'ssatisfaction＝toone'sgreatsatisfaction。答案：A13．HelikedLuXun'sworkssomuchthathe________hisownworkandtranslateditintoEnglish.A．gaveoff B．turneddownC．tookover D．setaside解析：本题考查动词短语在具体语境中的应用。giveoff“发出，放出(光、热、气体等)”；turndown“拒绝，调低(声音)”；takeover“接管，接任”；setaside“置……于一边，留作……用，对某事置之不理”。由句意可知，应选D项。答案：D14．Outof________forthehomelesschildren，hegavethemshelterforthenight.A．pity B．shameC．sympathy D．mercy解析：句意：出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他给他们提供了住处。outofsympathyfor是固定短语，意为“出于对……的同情”，符合句意。pity“怜悯，惋惜”；shame“可惜，羞愧”；mercy“仁慈”。A、B、D三项皆不符合句意，故选C项。答案：C15．(2012年安徽联考)InpartofChina，somepeoplestillhavedifficultygaining________tosocialservices.A．approach B．helpC．access D．benefit解析：句意：在中国的部分地区，一些人仍难以得到社会服务。gainaccessto表示“得到……的权利或方法”。答案：CⅡ.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。A(2012年南京市高三模拟)Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.“Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape，”thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species(物种)arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates，andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface，dead.Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong：thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers，seas，rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg，professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark，isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups，andthe“badnews”culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycomingfromleft­wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg，aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat，althoughtheenvironmentisimproving，greengroups－withprofitsofhundredsofmillionsofpoundsayear－areusingscaretactics(谋略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming­probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat－butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat“deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years”．ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover，butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures，theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady，atabout30percentoftotallandarea，sincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS，theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk(缩小)byabout15percent.Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprovementsaretheresultsofthesuccessoftheircampaigns.StephenTindale，directorofGreenpeaceUK，said，“Thereareimportantexamples，suchasacidrainandozone，wherethingsaren'tasbadaspredicted，andthat'sbecausebehaviorhaschanged.”【语篇解读】“环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而Lomborg的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。16．Inhisbook，TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist，whatisLomborg'smainargument?A．Ourplanetisinbadshape.B．Theworld'senvironmentisimproving.C．Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.D．Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的观点(argument)是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。答案：B17．WhatisLomborg'smainaccusationofenvironmentalists?A．Theyscaredpeopleintomakingdonations.B．Theyoverturnedourbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.C．Theychangedtheirbehaviortowardtheenvironment.D．Theyonlytoldpeoplebadnewsabouttheenvironment.解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知Lomborg指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。答案：A18．Theunderlinedword“depleting”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．reducing B．limitingC．expanding D．accelerating解析：考查猜测词义。第五段Lomborg通过一些数据反驳了TheWorldwatchInstitute的观点“deforestationhasbeenaccelerationoverthelast30years”，Lomborg认为在最近几十年里，森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择reducing。答案：A19．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thetotalareaofforestsintheworldhasincreasedsignificantly.B．Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarenotasbadasfirstexpected.C．Itappearsthatthebaldeaglewillsurvive.D．Inthelast50yearsthenumberofwhaleshasincreased.解析：考查细节判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist”可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知C项正确。答案：CBWemayallhavehadtheembarrassingmoment：Gettinghalfwaythroughastoryonlytorealizethatwe'vetoldthisexacttalebefore，tothepersonwe'reboringwithitnow.Whydowemakesuchmemorymistakes?AccordingtoaresearchpublishedinPsychologicalScience，itmayhavetodowiththewayourbrainsprocessdifferenttypesofmemory.ResearchersNigelGopie，oftheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto，andColinMacleod，oftheUniversityofWaterloo，dividedmemoryintotwokinds.Thefirstwassourcememory，ortheabilitytokeeptrackofwhereinformationiscomingfrom.Thesecondwasdestinationmemory，ortheabilitytorecallwhowehavegiveninformationto.Theyfoundthatsourcememoryfunctionsbetterthandestinationmemory，inpartbecauseofthedirectioninwhichthatinformationistravelling.Tostudythedifferencesbetweensourceanddestinationmemory，theresearchersdidanexperimenton60universitystudents，accordingtoaNewYorkTimesreport.Thestudentswereaskedtoassociate50random(随意的)factswiththefacesof50famouspeople.Halfofthestudents“told”eachfacttooneofthefaces，readingitaloudwhenthecelebrity'spictureappearedonacomputerscreen.Theotherhalfreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictureafterward.Whenlateraskedtorecallwhichfactswentwithwhichfaces，thestudentswhoweregivinginformationout(destinationmemory)scoredabout16percentloweronmemoryperformancecomparedwiththestudentsreceivinginformation(sourcememory)．Theresearchersconcludedthatout­goinginformationwaslessassociatedwithitsenvironmentalcontext(背景)－thatis，theperson－thanwasincominginformation.Thismakessensegivenwhatisknownaboutattention.Apersonwhoisgivinginformation，evenlittlefacts，willdevotesomementalresourcestothinkingaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Becauseourattentionisfinite(有限的)，wegivelessattentiontothepersonwearegivinginformationto.Afterasecondexperimentwithanothergroupof40students，theresearchersconcludedthatself­focusisanotherfactorthatunderminesdestinationmemory.Theyaskedhalfthestudentstocontinuegivingoutrandominformation，whiletheothertoldthingsaboutthemselves.Thistimearound，thosewhoweretalkingaboutthemselvesdid15percentworsethanthosegivingrandominformation.“Whenyoustarttellingthesepersonalfactscomparedwithnon­selffacts，suddenlydestinationmemorygoesdownmore，suggestingthatitistheself­focuscomponent(成分)that'sreducingthememory，”GopietoldLiveScience.【语篇解读】很多时候我们会面临这样的尴尬局面：一个故事讲到半截，结果却发现，这个故事已经对面前听故事的人讲过了。为什么我们会犯这样的记忆错误呢？20．Thepointofthisarticleisto________.A．giveadviceonhowtoimprovememoryB．saywhatcausesthememorytoworsenC．explainwhywerepeatstoriestothesamepersonD．introducedifferentkindsofmemories解析：主旨大意题。文章开头一段引出要讨论的话题：一个故事讲到半截，结果却发现，这个故事已经对面前听故事的人讲过了。为什么我们会犯这样的记忆错误呢？接下来分析了产生这种现象的原因，答案选C。答案：C21．Thosewhoreadeachfactsilentlyandsawadifferentcelebritypictu