网络常用测试工具的应用实验报告

常用网络工具的应用一、实验目的：1．了解系统网络命令及其所代表的含义，以及所能对网络进行的操作。2．通过网络命令了解运行系统网络状态，并利用网络命令对网络进行简单的操作。二、二、实验仪器设备及器材WindowXP局域网实验相关理论1．PING命令是检查网络连接状况的网络工具，可以用它来检测数据包到达目的主机的可能性。2．Win98：winipcfg或Win2000以上：Ipconfig/all命令显示DNS服务器地址、IP地址、子网掩码地址、默认网关的IP地址。3．Netstat是显示网络连接和有关协议的统计信息的工具。Netstat主要用于：网络接口的状况；程序表的状况；协议类的统计信息的显示三个方面。4．ARP：地址解析协议命令，用于将IP地址解析为MAC地址。实验要求：验前认真预习TCP/IP协议内容，尤其应认真理解WINDOWS网络相关原理；在进行实验时，应注意爱护机器，按照试验指导书的要求的内容和步骤完成实验，尤其应注意认真观察试验结果，做好记录；实验完成后应认真撰写实验报告。五、实验原理六、实验步骤1、最常用的网络测试工具－PING.EXE（1）判断本地的TCP/IP协议栈是否已安装成功C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证本机与计算机的连接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128返回本机：字节为32个时间小于10毫秒生存时间为128Pingstatisticsfor:统计本机的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，接收为4，丢失为0（丢失率为0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概回路行程时间在毫秒Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小为0毫秒，最大为0毫秒，平均为0毫秒（2）判断能否到达指定IP地址的远程计算机C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证网关与计算机的连接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64返回网关：字节为32个时间小于10毫秒生存时间为64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time=34msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Pingstatisticsfor:统计网关的数据：Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126返回网络：字节为32时间小于10毫秒生存时间为126Pingstatisticsfor8:统计网络的数据：Packets:Sent=30,Received=30,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为30，收回为30，丢失为0（丢失率为0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值为10毫秒，最大值为0毫秒，平均值为0毫秒（7）用400字节长的包Ping指定的IP地址C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>ping-l4000Pinging0with400bytesofdata:用400个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62返回网络：字节为400时间小于10毫秒生存时间为62Pingstatisticsfor0:统计网络的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丢失为0（丢失率为0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值为0毫秒，最大值为0毫秒，平均值为0毫秒2、网络配置查看程序－IPCONFIG.EXE（1）查看所有配置信息：Winipcfg或Ipconfig/allC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>Ipconfig/allWindowsIPConfigurationHostName............:r5-045PrimaryDnsSuffix.......:NodeType............:UnknownIPRoutingEnabled........:NoWINSProxyEnabled........:NoEthernetadapter本地连接:Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:Description...........:RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNICPhysicalAddress.........:00-E0-4C-4C-A9-DBDhcpEnabled...........:NoIPAddress............:5SubnetMask...........:DefaultGateway.........:54DNSServers...........:03、网络连接统计工具－NETSTAT.EXE（1）显示所有连接C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-aActiveConnectionsProtoLocalAddressForeignAddressStateTCPr5-045:epmapr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:microsoft-dsr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:1161r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:8177r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:netbios-ssnr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:102899:10018ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1045r5-045:10019ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:16811:httpSYN_SENTTCPr5-045:168222:7211SYN_SENTTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1027CLOSE_WAITTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1045ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1031r5-045:0LISTENINGUDPr5-045:microsoft-ds*:*UDPr5-045:isakmp*:*UDPr5-045:ms-sql-m*:*UDPr5-045:4500*:*UDPr5-045:5412*:*UDPr5-045:5999*:*UDPr5-045:6000*:*UDPr5-045:6002*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-ns*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-dgm*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:1099*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*（2）显示所有协议的统计信息C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-sIPv4StatisticsPacketsReceived=142692ReceivedHeaderErrors=0ReceivedAddressErrors=94DatagramsForwarded=0UnknownProtocolsReceived=0ReceivedPacketsDiscarded=21591ReceivedPacketsDelivered=121098OutputRequests=137681RoutingDiscards=0DiscardedOutputPackets=12OutputPacketNoRoute=0ReassemblyRequired=0ReassemblySuccessful=0ReassemblyFailures=0DatagramsSuccessfullyFragmented=0DatagramsFailingFragmentation=0FragmentsCreated=0ICMPv4StatisticsReceivedSentMessages805811Errors00DestinationUnreachable06TimeExceeded00ParameterProblems00SourceQuenches00Redirects00Echos75847EchoReplies47758Timestamps00TimestampReplies00AddressMasks00AddressMaskReplies00TCPStatisticsforIPv4ActiveOpens=17741PassiveOpens=12445FailedConnectionAttempts=13063ResetConnections=171CurrentConnections=4SegmentsReceived=110285SegmentsSent=120741SegmentsRetransmitted=9516UDPStatisticsforIPv4DatagramsReceived=10002NoPorts=59ReceiveErrors=0DatagramsSent=66084、操纵网络路由表的工具－ROUTE.EXE（1）显示全部路由信息：C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeprint===========================================================================InterfaceList0x1...........................MSTCPLoopbackinterface0x2...00e04c4ca9db......RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNIC-数据包计划程序微型端口======================================================================================================================================================ActiveRoutes:NetworkDestinationNetmaskGatewayInterfaceMetric5452055205552055555520155205555551DefaultGateway:54===========================================================================PersistentRoutes:None（2）添加一个路由C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2Manipulatesnetworkroutingtables.ROUTE[-f][-p][command[destination][MASKnetmask][gateway][METRICmetric][IFinterface]-fClearstheroutingtablesofallgatewayentries.Ifthisisusedinconjunctionwithoneofthecommands,thetablesareclearedpriortorunningthecommand.-pWhenusedwiththeADDcommand,makesaroutepersistentacrossbootsofthesystem.Bydefault,routesarenotpreservedwhenthesystemisrestarted.Ignoredforallothercommands,whichalwaysaffecttheappropriatepersistentroutes.ThisoptionisnotsupportedinWindows95.commandOneofthese:PRINTPrintsarouteADDAddsarouteDELETEDeletesarouteCHANGEModifiesanexistingroutedestinationSpecifiesthehost.MASKSpecifiesthatthenextparameteristhe'netmask'value.netmaskSpecifiesasubnetmaskvalueforthisrouteentry.Ifnotspecified,itdefaultsto55.gatewaySpecifiesgateway.interfacetheinterfacenumberforthespecifiedroute.METRICspecifiesthemetric,ie.costforthedestination.AllsymbolicnamesusedfordestinationarelookedupinthenetworkdatabasefileNETWORKS.ThesymbolicnamesforgatewayarelookedupinthehostnamedatabasefileHOSTS.IfthecommandisPRINTorDELETE.Destinationorgatewaycanbeawildcard,(wildcardisspecifiedasastar'*'),orthegatewayargumentmaybeomitted.IfDestcontainsa*or?,itistreatedasashellpattern,andonlymatchingdestinationroutesareprinted.The'*'matchesanystring,and'?'matchesanyonechar.Examples:157.*.1,157.*,127.*,*224*.DiagnosticNotes:InvalidMASKgeneratesanerror,thatiswhen(DEST&MASK)!=DEST.Example>routeADDMASKIF1Therouteadditionfailed:Thespecifiedmaskparameterisinvalid.(Destination&Mask)!=Destination.Examples:>routePRINT>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2destination^^mask^gatewaymetric^^Interface^IfIFisnotgiven,ittriestofindthebestinterfaceforagivengateway.>routePRINT>routePRINT157*....Onlyprintsthosematching157*>routeCHANGEMASKMETRIC2IF2CHANGEisusedtomodifygatewayand/ormetriconly.>routePRINT>routeDELETE>routePRINT5、地址解析工具－ARP.EXE（1）显示当前ARP项C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeDELETETheroutespecifiedwasnotfound.C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2InternetAddressPhysicalAddressType200-e0-4c-75-22-3adynamic700-e0-4c-75-22-5ddynamic5400-19-aa-e7-0a-46dynamic（2）添加一个静态入口C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-00-62-c6-09C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-20-a2-25-58-aeC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2In