Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures课件-高二英语人教版选择性

Unit3Period2DiscoverUsefulStructures1.能理解直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规则；2.能根据语境将陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句形式的直接引语转述为间接引语。新课导入Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Discussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Let’swork

togethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.课堂学习直接引语和间接引语1.基本概念（1）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。（2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。【点拨】直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时

一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时

现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一、时态变化直接引语变间接引语，通常将宾语的时态往后推一个。①如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。②如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语，时态不变。句型转换（1）Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”→TheteachersaidthatdoingOK.（2）Hesaid,“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat__anovel.（3）Hesaid,“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthatgotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethereawill,thereaway.（5）Janesaid,“Mary,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus”→JaneaskedMarywherewhenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldisshewasgoing is

二、人称变化一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,

Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.sheIhim（4）Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.三、指示代词的变化。变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthoseTheoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.those四、时间状语的变化变化项目直接引语间接引语时间状语nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear…thenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…thedaybeforetendays/weeks…beforethenextday/year…注意：以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语不必改变。句型转换（1）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tim,”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain.（2）MrHarryasked,“John,haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_____________.thateveningthedaybefore地点状语here方向性动词comebringtheregotake注意：如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there。五、地点状语、方向性动词的变化（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow,John,”

shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher___________.

thenextdaygo

六、语序的变化1.直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词that引导，that可省略。Hismothersaidtome,“MrHarryisinchargeofthework.”→HismothertoldmethatMrHarrywasinchargeofthework.他的母亲告诉我，亨利先生负责这项工作。直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。2.直接引语是一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句；间接引语用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，谓语动词say(said)改为ask(asked)。e.g.Motheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomework.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。Maryaskedme,“WhendidtheBritishprincebecomeinfectedwiththedisease”→MaryaskedmewhentheBritishprincebecameinfectedwiththedisease.三诀巧记“直”变“间”(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：去掉引号加if/whether，陈述语序要记住。时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。4.直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语，形式多采用“动词+宾语+不定式”。常见引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。（1）引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式。"Finishthetaskintenminutes,"themanagersaidtotheclerk.→Themanagertoldtheclerktofinishthetaskintenminutes.（2）直接引语是表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的祈使句或疑问句时，变为间接引语多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offertodo和ask/advise/wantsb.＋todo”等结构。e.g.“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning”Jacksaid.→Jacksuggestedstartingearlytomorrowmorning.5．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。"Whatabeautifuldressitis!"

thegirlsaidtoherfriend.→Thegirltoldherfriendwhatabeautifuldressitwas.Hesaid,"Howfineyoulook!"→HesaidhowfineIlooked.（1）Hesaid,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmehehisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid,“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV”→SheaskedmeIwatchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Whatareyoudoingnow”Momasked.→Momaskedthen.（4）Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →Heagain.（5）Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboyssomuchnoise.that

whether

likedhadleftwhatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomakethenextdayHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.2NameStatements/QuestionsDiane①“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”DianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.②“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMartha①“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”Marthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.②“Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.Bob①“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”Bobaskedwhynuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.②“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLaura①“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”Lauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.②“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.Vincent①“I’veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”Vincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.②“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.Do