八年级下册Unit1知识点梳理（教师版）

Unit1What’sthematter?(教师版)语法精讲语法精讲一：情态动词should的用法情态动词should意为“应当；应该”，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，否定形式为shouldn’t。一、should的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他Weshouldhelpthepeopleintrouble.否定句主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他Theyshouldn’teattoomuch.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他？Whereshouldwemeet?一般疑问句Should+主语+动词原形+其他？—It’stoocold.ShouldIclosethewindow?肯定回答Yes,主语+should.—Yes,youshould.否定回答No,主语+shouldn’t.—No,youshouldn’t.二、should的基本用法及示例用法示例表示劝告、建议YoushouldanswerthequestioninEnglish.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示义务、责任Childrenshoulddotheirhomeworkbythemselves.孩子们应该独自做作业。表示推断、判断Theyshouldbeathomenow,Ithink.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？5.Dogs___B____runthroughsoccergamesatthepark.It'sdangerous!A.should B.shouldn't C.need D.needn't6.Tokeepchildrensafe,we___B____putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.may B.should C.can D.might7.Youshould___B____morefruit.A.eatsB.eatC.eatingD.toeat8.Ifyouhaveaheadache,Ithinkyou___C___seeadoctor.A.willB.shallC.shouldD.can二：反身代词self（单数）/selves（复数）一、反身代词的分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himselfherselfitself他自己她自己它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己二、反身代词的用法1.反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示“某人自己”Eg.Helearnedtorideabicyclebyhimself.他自己学会了骑自行车。2.反身代词常考短语：►byoneself独自►enjoyoneself玩得开心►lookafteroneself照顾自己►helponeselfto随便吃,随便用►teachoneself自学►hurtoneself伤到自己►cutoneself切到自己►dressoneself自己穿衣服Couldyouhelpmecleanthefloor?Ican'tdoitby___myself____(I).Youmustlookafter___yourself___(you)wellwhileI'maway,Tom.Yoursisteristooyoung,soshecan’tgotoschoolbyherself(she).Don’tworry.Wecansolveourproblemsbyourselves(we).5.Dad,couldyoupleaseteach___D____English?Sure！Butit'smoreimportanttolearnitby________.A.my;EnglishB.my;you C.me;you D.me;yourself知识点梳理知识点梳理法详考点1What’sthematter?的用法“What’sthematter?”表示“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题，其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。知识点1：重点：“What’

s

the

matter

with

sb?”=What’s

the

troublewith

sb?=What’

swrongwith

sb?

=What’s

up?

=What

happens

to

sb.?

【注意】matter

和trouble

为名词，

其前可加the

表示特指，wrong

是形容词，不能加the。知识点2：matter还可作动词v.，意为“要紧；关系重大”。常用句型：Itdoesn’tmatter.“没关系”，用来回答对方的道歉。Eg.—Sorry,I’mlate.Igotstuckinatrafficjam.抱歉，我来晚了。路上堵车。—Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系。1.—___D___?

—Nothing

serious

,

but

a

bit

tired.

A.

Is

that

all

B.

Is

there

anything

else

C.

What’s

this

D.

What’s

the

matter

with

you2.—___C____?

—I

have

a

headache

and

I

don’t

feel

like

eating

anything.

A.

How

are

you

B.

What

can

I

do

for

you

C.

What’s

the

matter

with

you

D.

How

do

you

like

it考点2患病的表达方法【注意】havetheflu患流感havea/anhavea/an+疾病名称haveacold感冒haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽havea/an+身体部位achehaveaheadache头痛haveastomachache胃痛haveatoothache牙痛haveasore+身体部位haveasoreback背疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼主语+hurt(s)/cut(s)+身体部位/反身代词Hehurtshimself.患病的表达方式考点3toomany;toomuch;muchtoo用法Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.她昨天讲话太多而且没有喝足够的水。toomuch表示“……得太多”，在此处做状语，修饰动词talk，表示程度【易混辨析】toomuch副词词组，表示“……得太多”，修饰动词形容词词组，表示“太多”，修饰不可数（可数/不可数）名词toomany形容词词组，表示“太多”，修饰可数（可数/不可数）名词muchtoo副词词组，表示“太……”，修饰形容词或副词1.Thereistoomuchnoiseinthemarket.市场里有太多噪音。2.Toomanypeoplecametovisithimeveryday.每天都有太多人来拜访他。3.Thecoatismuchtoodear.Ican’taffordit.这件外套太贵了，我买不起。考点4enough的用法enough意为“足够的；足够地”，既可作形容词也可作副词。作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词的前面，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面。（形副前名后）形副形副前名后形容词/副词+enoughenough+名词足够漂亮beautifulenough足够的钱enoughmoney1.Cathycheckedherpaper____D____sothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.

A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefully D.carefullyenough2.Itwas___C_____forustosolvethemathproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A.easyenough B.enougheasy C.difficultenough D.enoughdifficult考点5without的用法+代词+代词Ican’tlivewithoutyou.without无；没有；不+名词Youcan’tbuythingswithoutmoney.+动词ing形式Ianswerthequestionwithoutthinking.*without本身表示否定意义，其反义词为with。1.Althoughmysisterwouldliketodrinkcoffee___B___whitesugar,Idon’tlikesugar.A.without B.with C.has D.in2.The“teacherfreeexam”meansthatstudentstaketheirexamsAteachers.Studentsmustbemorehonest.A.without B.against C.through D.with3.MyfatherhasbeenawayfromShangHaiwithout___saying____(say)anywords.考点6see的用法...Whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.……这时，司机看到一位老人躺在路边。seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”，表示看到动作正在进行，强调此动作的进行性、连续性seesb.dosth.“看见某人做过某事”，表示看到动作进行的全过程，强调此动作已完成或经常做Eg.Isawhimworkinginthegardenatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候我看见他正在花园里干活。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。1.Seeing

their

teacherDinto

the

classroom,

they

stoppedat

once.

A.

walk;

telling

B.

entering;

to

speak

C.

enter;

to

tell

D.

walking;

talking

2.—ItiredtomakeAliceDhermindbutIfounditdifficult.—Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing3.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,IsawsomeoldpeopleCChineset’aichi.A.doB.didC.doingD.aredoing考点7辨析getoff,geton,getinto与getoutofgetoff表示“下（公共汽车、火车、飞机、马等）”后面常跟较大的交通工具geton表示“上（公共汽车、火车），骑上（马等）”getinto表示“上（小汽车、出租车）；进入（电梯等）”后面常跟较小的交通工具getoutof表示“从（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）下来”1.Jimisgettingonthebus,whileTomisgettingoff.吉姆正要上公交车，而汤姆正下车。2.IsawMarygetoutofataxi,andthenamangotintoit.我看见玛丽从一辆出租车下来，然后一个男人上了车3.Don’tforgettotakeyourbagwhenyouAthebus.A.getoff B.takeoff C.turnoff D.putoff考点8agree的用法agreeagreeagreetososth.同意做某事agreewithsb.同意某人（的观点）agreeonsth.就某事取得一致意见1.Mymotheragreed___to____(介词)buymeanewpen.我妈妈答应给我买一支新钢笔。2.Ientirelyagree___with____(介词)you.我完全同意你的看法。3.Weagree____on___(介词)thequestion.我们在这个问题是意见一致。4.Theyagreed___B___ahouseinthecityafterdiscussingthepricewitheachother.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought考点9surprise的用法surprisesurprise动词“使...吃惊”surprisesb.使某人吃惊例句：Thebadnewssurprisedmeyesterday.surprised形容词“吃惊的”(修饰人)besurprisedat对……感到吃惊besurprisedtodosth.做某事而感到惊讶surprising形容词“令人吃惊的”(修饰物)例句：Hegaveasurprisinganswer.⭐surprise名词“吃惊”常考短语toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地1.To__his____surprise(使他吃惊的是），shegotthefirstprizeintheexam.2.Weare__surprised__(surprise)atthe_surprising__news.(surprise)3.__C____surprise,themotherfoundherlittleboysittingatthepiano.A.At B.To C.In D.On4.Thefanswere__D___toknowthedeathoftheirfavoritesingingstar.A.glad B.angry C.excited D.surprised考点10辨析thanksto与thanksforThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.技巧：后接句子大部分有逗号“，”同义=becauseof=withthehelpof表示“由于；多亏”thanksto多亏；由于介词to后跟表示感谢的对象，thanksfor因……而感谢介词for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词ing形式1.Thanks__to____(to/for)you,Iamnotlost.幸亏你我才没迷路。2..Thanks__for____(to/for)sendingmesuchanicepresent.谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。3.__B____

her

husband,she

has

now

bee

a

famous

film

star.

A.

Because

B.

Thanks

to

C.

Thanks

for

D.

With

the

help考点11“做某事有困难”的表达方法problemsproblemshave/has/had＋(in可省略)doingsth.difficultydifficultytroubletrouble例句：Ihaveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)learningEnglish.我学习英语有困难。【拓展延伸】“做某事很开心/有趣”的表达方法：＋doingsth.havea＋doingsth.havefun考点12use的用法Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。beusedtodoingsth.意为“(现在)习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后跟动词ing形式beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___usedtodosth.意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形1.–How

does

Jack

usually

go

to

work?

—He

___D___

drive

a

car,

but

now

he

_______

there

to

lose

weight.

A.

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

B.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

C.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

D.

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

2.She

__C___

live

alone.

But

she

_______

living

alone

because

she

feels

lonely.

A.

used

to;

doesn’t

used

to

B.

is

used

to;

was

used

to

C.

used

to;

is

not

used

to

D.

was

used

to;

doesn’t

used

to3.Maryusedto__B____inthecountryside,butnowsheisusedto_______inthecity.A.live;liveB.live;livingC.living;liveD.living;living4.Mygrandfatherisusedto__D____anewspaperatthetablebeforebreakfast.A.buyingB.buyC.readD.reading考点13与die有关的用法diedied动词“死，去世”指因为生病、年老、负伤等原因而死，是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用Hediedtwoyears.(×)dead形容词“已经去世的”表示状态，可以同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”用“have/hasbeendeadfor+时间段”或“died+时间段+ago”。dying形容词“即将去世的”表示状态，指“垂死的，要死的”，常用于be动词后death名词“死，死亡”常用于名词所有格...’s或形容词性物主代词his/her....后1.Hisfather___died____twoyearsago.他的父亲两年前去世了。2.Hefatherhasbeen___dead_____fortenyears.他的父亲已经去世两年了。3.Thisisa__dying____bird.这是一只快死的小鸟。4.Hismother's__death___wasagreatblowtohim他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。考点14辨析runout与runoutofButwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.runout表示“用尽；耗尽”但是当他的水喝完的时候，他知道他将不得不做点事情来挽救自己的生命。runoutrunout后面不能（能/不能）接物品（宾语），主语通常为物（人/物），构成sth.runout.runoutof后面能（能/不能）接物品（宾语），主语通常为人（人/物），构成sb.runoutofsth.，=useup例句：Hehasrunoutofmoneyandhispatienceisalsorunningout.他的钱已经花完了，他的耐心也要耗尽了。1.WhenTom’sexperience___B_____,heknewhehadtodosomethingeffectivetosavehislife.A.ranoutof B.ranout C.usedup D.usedas2.Don’twastewateragain,orwe’ll___C_____itoneday.

A.takeout B.runout C.runoutof D.workout考点15knife的用法和cut的短语总结Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.于是他用刀子切断了自己的半条右臂。知识点1：knife意为“刀”，其复数形式为knives。Eg.Itisdangerousforchildrentouseknives.儿童用刀很危险。【拓展延伸】以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，要把f/feveswife（妻子）——__wives__self（自己）——__selves__knife（刀）——__knives__life（生命）——__lives___half（一半）——__halves__leaf（叶子）——__leaves__知识点2：cutoff表示“切除；剪掉”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语考点：名词放后面，代词放中间例句：Marycutoffsomeflowersfromthebush.玛丽从灌木丛中剪下一些花。Theyhadtocutitoff.他们不得不把它切下来。【拓展延伸】与cut相关的短语：cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削减cutin插嘴cutout删除；删掉考点16辨析sothat与suchthat...hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.用绷带为自己包扎了伤口，免得失血过多。意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，=inorderthat。sothat引导目的状语从句时，从句常出现情态动词may/

might/can/

could等【拓展延伸】重点：so......that与such......that的用法soso+形容词/副词+thatsuch+a/an+形容词+名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+that如此……以至于……1.The

teacher

speaks

very

loudly

____A____

all

the

students

can

hear

her.

A.

so

that

B.

because

C.

since

D.

when

2.Theyspoke__B_____quietly_________Icouldhardlyhearthem.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.neither;norD.both;and3.StorySignis____B____ausefulapp_________itcanmakeiteasierfordeafchildren.A.so;that B.such;that C.too;todo D.as;as考点17mean的用法Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.书名的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困倦之中”。mean作动词，意为“意思是；意味着；打算；意欲”，其过去式为meant。常用搭配：meandoingsth.“意味着做某事”meantodosth.“打算做某事”例句：Aredtrafficlightmeansstop.红色交通信号灯表示停下。Itmeanswastingmoretime.那意味着浪费更多的时间。ImeanttogototheexhibitionbutIforgot.我本打算去参观展览，但忘了。考点18与up有关的短语Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.阿伦在这起事故之后没有放弃，现在仍坚持登山。giveup表示“放弃”，后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。giveupdoingsth.“放弃做某事”【拓展延伸】“动词+up”结构的短语：cheerup使……振作pickup捡起；开车接；接putup举起；张贴；搭建takeup占用；开始从事stayup熬夜useup用完；耗尽1.Asweknow，manysuccessfulpeoplenever___D_____nomatterwhatdifficultiesthey’vehad.A.stayupB.cheerupC.takeupD.giveup2.—Don’tsmokeanymore.It’sbadforyourhealth.—I’mtryingto____B____.Butyouknowit’sreallyhard.A.giveupitB.giveitupC.giveupthemD.givethemup3.Thedoctorsadvisedmygrandfathertogiveup__smoking____(smoke).考点19与lie有关的用法动词躺，存在lielaylainlying撒谎lieliedliedlying下蛋，放置laylaidlaidlaying可数名词谎言，假话lielies短语：tellalie撒谎lietosb.对某人撒谎单元作文单元作文Unit1What’sthematter?假如你是李华，你的朋友Jack感冒了。请你根据以下要点给他提出建议并给他发一封邮件。要点：(1)测量一下体温，去看医生，好好休息，按时服药；(2)多喝热水，远离垃圾食品，多吃健康食物；(3)养成健康的生活习惯，早睡早起。DearJack,I’msorrytohearthatyouhaveacold.Areyoufeelingbettersoon?Inmyopinions,youshouldtakeyourtemperatureandgotoseeadoctor.You’dbetterliedownandrest.Don’tforgettotakemedicineontime.It’sbestforyoutodrinkmorehotwater.Youshouldn’teatjunkfood.Youneedtoeathealthyfood.It’sagoodideatokeephealthylivinghabits.Pleasego