阅读理解原题积累（1）讲义高考英语二轮阅读理解专题复习

2024年备战高考二轮阅读理解全国优秀模拟题阅读理解原题素材主题词汇搭配积累专题{举一反三总结该主题下可能会在不同的阅读情景遇到的词汇及词组搭配，积累下来方便在其他类似主题的阅读中能快速阅读，减少遇到的阅读主题词汇词组搭配障碍，亦可在类似主题写作情景中运用}【第一篇】（2024年惠州市华罗庚中学模考D篇）Nexttimeyouraiseaneyebrow(眉毛)attheviewsofyourfriend,brother,sisterorcolleague,remembertheycouldbehelpingtomakeyousmarter.Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeimprovedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallychallengingcareers.Thestudychallengesthemonlyheldbeliefthatintelligenceisfixedbytheageofabout18.Scientificconsensus(共识)suggestsintelligenceiscontrolledbygenes,withenvironmentalfactorssuchasschoolingandnutritionplayingapartuptothisage.Afterthispoint,IQscoresbeesteady.ButJamesFlynn,professorattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealand,arguesthatpeoplecan“upgrade”theirintelligencethroughouttheirlives.Hebelievesintellectualstimulation(刺激)fromotherpeopleisimportantasthe“brainseemstoberatherlikeamusclethemoreyouuseit,thestrongeritgets”.However,theoppositeisalsotruesopeoplewhoshareahomeorworkplacewiththeirintellectuallychallengedriskseeingtheirIQlevel

nosedive

asaresult.ProfessorFlynnanalysedUSintelligencetestsfromthelast65yearsandcreatednewIQ“agetables“.HefoundabrighttenyearoldwithbrothersandsistersofaverageintelligencewillsufferafivetotenpointIQdisadvantageparedtoasimilarchildwithequalitybrightbrothersandsisters.However,childrenwithalowIQcouldgetsixtoeightpointsbyhavingbrighterbrothersandsistersandspecialeducationaltreatmenttohelppullthemup.ProfessorFlynnconcludedthatalthoughgeneticsandearlylifeexperiencesdetermineabout80%ofintelligence,theremaining20%islinkedtolifestyle.ThismeanspeoplecanraisetheirIQ,orallowittofall,bytenpointsormore.HesuggeststhebestwaytoimproveIQlevelsistosocialisewithbrightfriends,andfindanintellectuallychallengingjob.【词汇】1.Intelligence智力2.Fixed固定的3.Adulthood成年期4.Environment环境5.Genetics遗传学6.Upbringing抚养7.Consensus共识8.Steady稳定的9.Upgrade升级10.Stimulation刺激11.Intellectual知识分子的12.Challenging具有挑战性的13.Nosedive急剧下降14.Disadvantage不利条件15.Educationaltreatment教育治疗16.Genetics遗传学17.Earlylifeexperiences早年经历18.Lifestyle生活方式19.Socialize社交20.Bright聪明的21.IQlevel智商水平22.Specialized专业的23.Analysis分析24.Advantage优势25.Disadvantage劣势26.Conclusion结论27.Determine决定28.Remain保持29.Link关联30.Raise提高31.Fall下降32.Socialize社交33.Interactive互动的34.Cognitive认知的35.Development发展36.Engagement参与37.Mentalagility心智敏捷38.Acquire获得39.Criticalthinking批判性思维40.Problemsolving解决问题41.Curiosity好奇心42.Exploration探索43.Versatile多才多艺的44.Empirical经验主义的45.Epistemological认识论的46.Perspicacious睿智的47.Erudite博学的48.Sagacious明智的49.Astute机敏的50.Pedagogical教育的【词组搭配】1.Intelligencequotient(IQ)智商2.Geneticpredisposition遗传倾向3.Environmentalfactors环境因素4.Cognitivedevelopment认知发展5.Earlylifeexperiences早年经历6.Intellectualstimulation知识刺激7.Criticalthinkingskills批判性思维技能8.Problemsolvingabilities解决问题的能力9.Socialinteraction社交互动10.Educationalintervention教育干预11.IQadvantage/disadvantage智商优势/劣势12.Lifestylechoices生活方式选择13.Brainplasticity大脑可塑性14.Intellectualchallenge知识挑战15.Cognitiveenhancement认知增强16.Intellectualgrowth知识成长17.Learningopportunities学习机会18.Braintraining大脑训练19.Educationalattainment教育成就20.Cognitivereserve认知储备21.Socialenvironment社会环境22.Peerinfluence同龄人影响23.Careeradvancement职业发展24.Mentalagilityexercises心智敏捷练习25.Intellectuallychallengingtasks知识上具有挑战性的任务26.Intellectuallystimulatingconversations知识刺激性的对话27.Lifelonglearning终身学习28.Educationalenrichment教育丰富29.Intellectualengagement知识参与30.Sociallearningenvironments社交学习环境31.Careerdevelopmentopportunities职业发展机会32.Cognitiveflexibility认知灵活性33.Intellectualcuriosity知识好奇心34.Cognitivediversity认知多样性35.Educationalresources教育资源36.Intellectualpursuits知识追求37.Stimulatingintellectualenvironment充满刺激的知识环境38.Continuousintellectualchallenge持续的知识挑战39.Brainhealthmaintenance大脑健康维护40.Cognitiveenhancementstrategies认知增强策略41.Socialintelligence社交智力42.Cognitiveimprovementtechniques认知提升技巧43.Intellectualengagementactivities知识参与活动44.Lifelongintellectualdevelopment终身知识发展45.Intellectualexchange知识交流46.Brainexerciseroutines大脑锻炼常规47.Educationalempowerment教育赋权48.Intellectualempowerment知识赋权49.Cognitivewellness认知健康50.Educationalcollaboration教育合作【文章一原文翻译】下次你对朋友、兄弟、姐妹或同事的观点表示怀疑时，请记住，他们可能会帮助你变得更聪明。最新研究显示，智力并非固定不变，而是可以在成年期通过家人、聪明的伙伴和智力挑战性的职业中得到提升。这项研究挑战了普遍认为智力在18岁左右固定不变的观念。科学共识认为，智力受基因控制，环境因素如学校教育和营养在此年龄段起着一定作用。但詹姆斯·弗林，新西兰奥塔哥大学的教授，认为人们可以在一生中“升级”智力。他认为，来自他人的智力刺激很重要，因为“大脑似乎更像一块肌肉——你用得越多，它就越强壮”。然而，相反的也是真的——因此，那些与智力挑战相处的人，他们的智商水平可能会下降。弗林教授分析了过去65年美国的智力测试，并创建了新的智商“年龄表”。他发现，一个十岁的聪明孩子，如果其兄弟姐妹智力平均水平，与一个同样聪明但兄弟姐妹都很聪明的孩子相比，智商会下降五到十个点。然而，智商较低的孩子可以通过与更聪明的兄弟姐妹和特殊的教育治疗来提高六到八个点。弗林教授得出结论，虽然基因和早期生活经历约占智力的80％，但剩下的20％与生活方式有关。这意味着人们可以提高或降低他们的智商，达到十个或更多的点。他建议提高智商水平的最佳途径是与聪明的朋友社交，并找到一个智力挑战性的工作。2（浙江省名校协作体20232024学年高三下学期开学联考C篇）Bottledwaterhaslongbeenmarketedasasafedrink—ifitdoesn’testraightfromamountainspring,it’satleastcleanandfreeofchemicals.Butanewstudydemonstratesthatbottledwatermaynotbesosafewhenitestomicroscopicplasticpollutantscapableofpassingintothebloodstream.Foryearsscientistshaveraisedthealarmovermicroplastics,whichformwhenplasticsbreakdownintoincreasinglysmallerparticles(微粒),rangingfromfivemillimetersdowntoonemicrometer.Previousstudieshavefoundthataliterofbottledwatercancontaintensofthousandsofidentifiableplasticparticles.Buttheystoppedattheonemicrometerlevelduetotechnologicalrestrictions.Thestudyusedanewtechnologytofindevensmallerparticles,anddetectedanaverage240,000plasticparticlesperliterofbottledwater.About90%oftheparticleswereconsiderednanoplastics,smallerthanonemicrometer.Unlikemicroplastics,theyarecapableofpassingthroughsomeorganslikelungsintothebloodstream.Fromtheretheycanstayintheheartmuscleandotherorgans,passintothebrain,andevenintothebodiesofunbornbabies.Sofar,littleresearchshowswhatnanoplasticsexactlydooncetheyenterthebloodstream.Butthereismuchevidencethatchemicalsusedinplasticproductionarebadforhumanhealth.Evenifnanoplasticsthemselvesarenot

deleterious,theycanserveascarriersforthedangerouschemicals,increasingtheriskofcancerandimpactingkeyorganssuchastheheart.“Thereisahugeworldofnanoplasticstobestudied,”saidtheresearchers.Evenifnanoplasticsmakeup90%ofthenumberofplasticparticlesfoundinbottledwater,theymakeupfarlessinmass,theysaid.However,thisfactprovideslittlefort:It’sthenumbersratherthanmassthatmatter;andthesmallerthingsare,themorereadilytheycangetinsideus.高级备用单词：1.Marketed营销的2.Pollutants污染物3.Capable有能力的4.Breakdown分解5.Technologicalrestrictions技术限制6.Detect检测7.Nanoplastics纳米塑料8.Unbornbabies未出生的婴儿9.Deleterious有害的10.Impacting影响11.Carriers载体12.fort安慰13.Readily容易地14.Alarming令人担忧的15.Identifiable可识别的16.Restrictions限制17.Particles颗粒18.Technology技术19.Evidence证据20.Production生产21.Chemicals化学物质22.Health健康23.Mass质量24.Risk风险25.Cancer癌症26.Organs器官27.Muscle肌肉28.Brain大脑29.Researchers研究人员30.Number数量31.fort安慰32.Fact事实33.Matter重要34.Smaller更小的35.Inside在内部36.Evidence证据37.Technology技术38.Detection检测39.Particles颗粒40.Research研究41.Evidence证据42.Chemicals化学物质43.Impacting影响44.Organs器官45.Carriers载体46.Risk风险47.Cancer癌症48.Unbornbabies未出生的婴儿49.Mass质量50.Inside在内部高级词组搭配：1.Marketedas被推销为2.Raisethealarmover对...发出警报3.Breakdowninto分解成4.Tensofthousandsof数以万计的5.Dueto由于6.Usedanewtechnologyto使用新技术来7.Detectedanaverage检测到平均8.Considerednanoplastics被认为是纳米塑料9.Passinto进入10.Stayin停留在11.Passintothe进入12.Serveascarriersfor作为...的载体13.Providelittlefort提供很少的安慰14.Makeupfarlessinmass在质量上远远少于15.Getinsideus进入我们的身体16.Makeupthenumbers占据数字17.Leadto导致18.Carryoutstudies进行研究19.Bebadfor对...有害20.Increasetheriskof增加...的风险21.Belinkedto与...相关联22.Impactkeyorgans影响关键器官23.Poseariskto对...构成风险24.Beharmfulto对...有害25.Haveimplicationsfor对...有影响原文翻译：瓶装水长期以来被宣传为一种安全的饮品——如果它不是直接来自山泉，至少它是干净的，不含化学物质。但一项新研究表明，当涉及到能够进入血液的微观塑料污染物时，瓶装水可能并不那么安全。多年来，科学家们一直在对微塑料发出警告，这些微塑料是当塑料分解成越来越小的颗粒（从五毫米到一微米）时形成的。以前的研究发现，一升瓶装水中可能含有数以万计的可识别塑料颗粒。但由于技术限制，他们的研究一直停留在一微米的水平上。这项研究使用了一种新技术来寻找更小的颗粒，并检测到每升瓶装水中平均有240,000个塑料颗粒。大约90%的颗粒被认为是纳米塑料，比一微米还要小。与微塑料不同的是，它们能够穿过一些器官如肺部进入血液。从那里它们可以停留在心肌和其他器官中，进入大脑，甚至进入未出生婴儿的身体。到目前为止，很少有研究显示纳米塑料一旦进入血液会发生什么。但有大量证据表明，塑料生产中使用的化学物质对人类健康有害。即使纳米塑料本身并不有害，它们也可以作为危险化学物质的载体，增加患癌症的风险，并影响心脏等关键器官。“有很多纳米塑料需要研究，”研究人员说。他们说，即使纳米塑料占瓶装水中塑料颗粒数量的90％，它们的质量却远远少于此。然而，这个事实提供的安慰很少：重要的是数量而不是质量；而且东西越小，它们就越容易进入我们的身体。3（2024年安徽省芜湖市模考C篇）

Theincreaseinprimate(灵长类动物)ecotourismiscausingstressrelatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheimpactofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingamunityofproboscismonkeys(长鼻猴).Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fastclose(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slowclose(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslowfarconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersaway,ataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstressrelatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefastcloseandslowcloseconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefastclosecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(挠)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDrMarinaDavilaRoss,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtomodify(修改)theirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”DrDavilaRossadded.词汇积累：1.Ecotourism生态旅游2.Stressrelated与压力相关的3.Proboscis长鼻4.Primates灵长类动物5.Impact影响6.Motorboat摩托艇7.Approach靠近8.Wildlife野生动物9.Conducted进行10.Experiment实验11.Speeds速度12.Traveldistances行驶距离13.Conditions条件14.Displayed显示15.Scratching挠16.Predation捕食行为17.Findings发现18.Guidelines指南19.Riverside河岸的20.Modify修改21.Behaviors行为22.Encouraging鼓励23.Approachspeed靠近速度24.Distance距离25.Preferably最好地26.Potentially潜在地27.Collective集体的28.Author作者29.Predation捕食行为30.Modification修改31.Encouraging鼓励32.Guidelines指南33.Awareness意识34.Conservation保护35.Wildlifehabitat野生动物栖息地36.Sensitivity敏感性37.Conservationist保护主义者38.Collaboration合作39.Impactassessment影响评估40.Mitigation缓解41.Sustainablepractices可持续实践42.Environmentalmanagement环境管理43.Preservation保护44.Endangeredspecies濒危物种45.Habitatdestruction栖息地破坏46.Humanwildlifeconflict人类与野生动物冲突47.Ecologicalbalance生态平衡48.Habitatfragmentation栖息地破碎化49.Biodiversityloss生物多样性丧失50.