Unit5-高一英语单元速记巧练（人教版2019）（原卷版）

Unit5ThevalueofMoneyUnit5话题金钱的价值词汇apologizebetjudgespothesitateasidenormalpermitindicate,beneath,postpone,odd,intention,nowhere,extent,opera,hesitate,eventually,tailorclerk.manner,downstairs,stair,aside.option短语inreturnmakeabetasamatteroffactbyaccidentbeabouttodoina...mannerbewillingtodooughttotobehonestincase句型With复合结构Itis/was...that...强调句型asif句式语法情态动词写作创作一个剧本考点1．apologizevi.道歉；谢罪拓展apologizevi.道歉; apologizetosbforsth因某事向某人道歉 谢罪 apologizefor为…道歉 owesbanapology.应该向某人道歉makeanapologytosbforsth因某事向某人道歉apologyn.道歉;歉意 send'sbawrittenapology向某人作出书面道歉 aletterofapology致歉信经典练单句语法填空①Ihavean________(apologize)tomaketoyou—I'mafraidIopenedyourletterbymistake.②(Iapologize________losingmytemper.能力提升单句表达③我得向你道歉——我忘了发出那份报告了。I____________________—I'mafraidIforgottosendthatreport.考点2．judgevt.&vi.评价；评判；判断n.法官；审判员；裁判员拓展judge评价;判断vt.&vi.judgingfrom/by从.…来判断评判;判断judgeby/onappearances以貌取人Judgen.法官;审判员;裁判员 actasajudge担任裁判/法官 judgementn.裁判;判断;判断力;意见;判决书passjudgmentonothers评判他人eto/form/makeajudgmentabout对……作出评判insb'sjudgment在某人看来 showgood/sound/poorjudgment 表现出好的、出色的、差劲的判断力经典练单句语法填空①________(judge)fromwhatyousayinyourletter,youdon'tsoundwell.②Idon'tthinkyouhavetherighttopass________(judge)onothers.③Wewouldliketothankallthe________(judge)whogavesogenerouslyoftheirtime.能力提升单句表达④在我看来，我们该让律师处理此事。________________，weshouldletthesolicitordealwiththis.考点3．betn.打赌；赌注vi.&vt.下赌注；用……打赌vt.敢说拓展betn.打赌;赌注have/place/putabeton下..…赌注acceptabet同意打赌makeabet打赌 winabet赌赢bet vi.&vt.下赌注; 用..…打赌.敢说bet(...)on...下赌注(于...) .. betonthewronghorse 下错了赌注;判断错误 Ibet(you)that...我敢说·……;我打赌……经典练单句语法填空①Heplacedabet________thegreyhorse.②Hebet$2，000________thefinalscoreofthegame.能力提升单句表达③我敢说他了解一切。____________________heknowsallaboutit.考点4．Aboutamonthago,Iwassailing,andtowardsnightIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.大约一个月以前，我在海上航行，傍晚时分我发现自己被一股强烈的海风刮到了海上。[剖析]foundmyselfcarriedout...是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。反身代词myself作found的宾语；过去分词carried作宾语补足语。拓展find+复合结构find+宾语+形容词/副词find+宾语+介词短语find+宾语+现在分词(表示主动、进行）find+宾语+过去分词(表示被动、完成）find+宾语+不定式(表示即将发生)经典练单句语法填空①AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhim________(e)towardsme.②Aftertheoperationyoumayfinditdifficult________(chew)andswallow.③Istillfinditterrifyingtofindmyself________(surround)bylargenumbersofhorses.能力提升单句表达④我发现他不太爱说话。Idon't________________________.考点5．spotvt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹拓展Spotvt.看见;注意 bespottedwith满是……斑点;布满 有斑点到;发现;使spotsbdoingsth看到某人做某事Spotn.地点;处所; 斑点;污迹onthespot在现场 putsbonthespot使某人难堪经典练写出下列句中spot的含义①Whichhasspots,theleopardorthetiger？________②Neighboursspottedsmokeingoutofthehouse.________③Ahugecratermarksthespotwheretheexplosionhappened.________④Hisjacketwascoveredwithspotsofmud.________能力提升单句表达⑤采访者的问题使他很下不来台。Theinterviewer'squestionsreally____________________．考点6．AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland.是那条船把你带到了英国。[剖析]本句为强调句，强调的是主语theship。去掉itwas和that后，句子结构仍完整。拓展强调句型基本结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他般疑问句结构:Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他...特殊疑问句结构:疑问词+(被强调部分)+is/wasitthat+其他 含not...until...的结构:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他对谓语部分的强调:助动词+动词原形经典练单句语法填空①Itisthefitnesslevelofourbody________helpsusfightthesediseases.②Itwasn'tuntil1980—32yearsintohiscareer—________helandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplane!③Itisthemother________isexpectedtoreorganizeherbusyschedule.经典练单句表达④到底是为什么有些人比我们其他人更聪明更有创造力？________________somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?考点7．hesitatevi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑拓展hesitatevi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑 hesitatetodosth迟疑做某事 hesitantadj.迟疑的;犹豫的 behesitantaboutsth对…犹豫不决 hesitationn.犹豫;踌躇对做某事(不)犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫have(no)hesitationindoingsth经典练单句语法填空①Ifyouneedanything,don'thesitate________(call)me.②Sheagreedwithouttheslightest________(hesitate)．③She's________(hesitate)aboutsigningthecontract.能力提升单句表达④我非常乐意推荐沙普尔女士做这项工作。I____________________________MsShapurforthejob.考点8．asideadv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存拓展asideasidefrom除……之外 standaside站到一边 把……暂且放置一旁 setaside储蓄;留出;不顾; 把……放一边 put...aside留出;省出; leave...aside搁置一边;moveaside挪到一边暂时不予考虑 经典练单句语法填空①Aside________Durang'sperformance,theactorsareordinary.②Leaving________foramomentthequestionofexpense,whatwouldyourviewbeofthesuggestedchanges?能力提升单句表达③请让开，让这些人过去。____________，please,andletthesepeoplepass.考点9．normaladj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n.常态；通常标准；一般水平拓展normaladj.典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的asnormal像平常一样leadanormallife过平常的生活 n.常态;通常标准;一般水平back/returntonormal恢复正常bringsthbacktonormal 使……恢复/回归正常 normallyadv.正常地abnormaladj.反常的;不正常的n.不正常的人经典练单句语法填空①His________(normal)cheerfulfacelookedsadforamoment.②The________(normal)bleedingisyourbody'sownredflagofdanger.③Despiteconsiderablepainshehasbeengettingoutandaboutalmost________normal.能力提升单句表达④(剑桥高阶)现在我们已经还清了所有的债务，一切都恢复了正常。Thingsare________________nowthatwe'vepaidoffallofourdebts.考点10．permitvt.&vi.允许；准许；使有可能拓展permitvt.&vi.允许;准许;使有可能permitdoingsth允许做某事permitsbtodosth允许某人做某事 weatherpermitting天气允许的话 permissionn.准许;许可;批准;许可证 askforpermission请求准许 with/without(one's)permission经/未经(某人的)许可经典练单句语法填空①(Youwillneed________(permit)fromyourparentstogoonthetrip.②(Asapunishment,shewasnotpermitted________(attend)anyschoolactivities.③Wedonotpermit________(smoke)intheoffice.能力提升单句表达④没有许可他们不得离开这个国家。Theycannotleavethecountry____________.语法点：情态动词一、定义情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。二、特点情态动词有一定的含义，无人称和数的变化(haveto除外)在句中不能单独充当谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语。三、常见的情态动词的意义和用法情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会can’t不能，不会could能够，会couldn’t不能，不会may可以maynot不可以might可以mightnot不可以must必须mustn’t不允许，不准shall将，要shan’t将不要should应该shouldn’t不应该oughtto应该oughtnotto不应该will将会，愿won’t不会，不愿would将会，愿wouldn’t不会，不愿need需要needn’t不必dare敢daren’t不敢(1)can,could①表示能力，意为“能；会”，can表能力时意味着无阻力地去做某件事。could为can的过去式，表示过去的能力。例:Shecouldswimattheageoffive.Youneverknowwhatyoucandotillyoutry.②表示请求或许可，在疑问句中，could可以代替can,不是过去式，表示委婉的语气，回答时都要用can。例:—Can/CouldIspeaktoyourmasternow?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.③表示惊讶、怀疑等，常用于否定句和疑问句中。例:Howcanyoubesostupid!Youcan'tbeserious！④固定搭配。can'twaittodo...迫不及待做......can't...too.../....enough再……也不为过can'thelpbutdo=havenochoicebuttodo不得不做can'thelpdoing....情不自禁做……can't...+比较级=最高级例:Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhencrossingtheroad.Ican'thelpbutwaittillthelastminute.Ican'tagreewithyoumore.注意:can与beableto的用法区别①can只有一般过去时一种时态变化，而beableto有多种时态。例:I'llbeabletopasstheexamnexttime.I'vebeenabletokeepintouchwithher.②表示过去有能力做成某事时，不用could,而用was/wereableto(dosth),相当于managedtodosth和succeededindoingsth。例:Aftermanyattempts,hewasabletopassthedrivingtest.经过很多次努力，他得以通过驾照考试。(2)may,might①表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may,不是过去式，表示语气更委婉。例:—Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?—No,youmustn't/can't.—May/MightItakethismagazineout?—Yes,youmay./can.②固定搭配may/mightwell很可能；may/mightaswell最好；不妨mighthavedone本可能….（结果没发生）mightnothavedone本不可能…（结果发生了）例Asherconfidencegrows,youmaywellseeaconsiderablechangeinherattitude.Youmayaswelltellusnow—we'llfindoutsoonerorlater.(3)must,haveto①must表示“必须；一定”，强调说话人的主观看法，认为有义务做某事；haveto表示“不得不”，强调客观需要，含有不情愿或被迫之意。例:Allpassengersmustwearsafetybelts.Thereisnobushere,andyouhavetogoonfoot.②mustn't意为“不许”，表示禁止；don'thaveto=needn't意为“不必”，表示没有必要。注意:must用于一般疑问句时，其否定回答应用needn't或don'thavetoo例:—Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?—No,youdon'thaveto.Thelawsaysdriversmustn'tdriveafterdrinking.③must表示说话人的态度，意为“偏偏；非得”。例:Mustyoumakesuchabignoise?Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(4)shall,should①shall用于主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方意见或向对方请示。例:ShallIwaitforyouatthegate?Whatshallwedothisevening?注意：ShallI...?多有利于对方；May...?多有利于自己。②shall用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、威胁、警告、允诺等。例:YoushalldoasItoldyou.(命令)Youshallhavemyreplytomorrow.（允诺）Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktherules.（警告）③shall用于规定、法令、条约等文件中表示义务和规定（第三人称作主语)，意为“必须”。例:VisitorsshallnotpickflowersAllpaymentsshallbemadeincash.ThenewregulationsshalltakeeffectonMarch1st.④should表示义务、责任、劝告、建议等，意为“应该；应当”。例:Weshouldn'tplaymobilephoneswhencrossingtheroad.⑤should表示惊奇、遗憾等感情，意为“竟然”。例:Itssurprisingthatyoushouldhavefailedtopasssuchanexam.注意:should与oughtto的用法区别should表示主观看法、建议；oughtto通常反映客观情况，表示义务”或“有必要”做某事。例:Weshouldstudyhard.Weoughttorespecttheold.(5)will,would①表示愿望、意愿、意志或决心，意为“一定要；会；决心”例:Shewon'tgiveintotheenemy.Shesaidshewouldn'tetothelibraryanymore.②表示习惯性动作、必然趋势，意为“就会；老是；”would表示过去反复发生的动作，“过去常常”例:Asisknowntoall,fishwilldiewithoutwater.Onsummerevenings,theywouldsitoutside,chatting.③表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中would比will语气委婉。例:Wouldyoutellmehowtogettotheshoppingmall?④表示物体的功能或倾向性。例:Thecarwon'tstart.usedto意为“过去常常”，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不做了；would表示过去的习惯，并不强调现在如何。例:Daddidn'tehomeasearlyasheusedto.need①need作情态动词。无人称、数和时态的变化,常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：Youneedn’tgototheofficethisweek.注意：由need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答一般用needn’t。例：—NeedIe?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.特别提醒由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答一般用needn’t/don’thaveto。needn’thavedone“本来不必做某事,但实际上却做了”例：Youneedn’thavewokenmeup.Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.②need作实义动词。有人称、数和时态的变化(在变为否定句和疑问句时需借助于助动词)。1)当主语是人时,后可接名词和动词不定式。例：Heneedssomehelp.It’scoldoutside.Youneedtowearmoreclothes.need后跟不定式且用于否定句中时,表示“不必”,指没义务或没必要做某事。例：Youdon’tneedtodoitatonce.2)当主语为物时,后接名词或动名词(动名词用主动语态表被动含义)。例：Theflowersneedwater.这些花需要水。Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.这些花需要浇水。四、表推测的情态动词的用法(1)can表推测，用于肯定句时，表示理论上的可能。can't“不可能，一定不”，是语气最强的否定推测couldhavedone“本可以……”，表示过去本能够做某事却没有做，含有惋惜或责备的语气。can't/couldn'thavedone“不可能已经…”，表示对过去事实的否定推测。can't比couldn't的语气更强一些。例:Everyonecanmakemistakes.Youcan'tbehungry,foryouhadlunchonlytwohoursago.Hecouldhaveeontimebutfortheheavytraffic.Hecouldn'thavewatchedTVyesterdayforhewouldhaveanexam.(2)may和might表推测时既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。用于肯定句时意为“可能”；否定式maynot/mightnot意为“可能不”：might的可能性比may更小，语气更委婉一些。may/mighthavedone表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，表示“可能已经…”，还可以表示“本来可能或可以做某事但没有做”，含有轻微的责备或遗憾口吻.may/mightnothavedone表示“可能还没……”例:Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Ifyouhaveanofficejob,youmightnotbegettingoutdoorsenough,andyourhealthmightsuffer.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hemighthavedonebetter.(3)must表推测时只用于肯定句，意为“一定”或“肯定”，所作的推测几乎接近事实，语气最肯定。musthavedone表示对过去事实有把握的肯定推测，语气最强，只用于肯定句中，意为“肯定（已经)……”。例:Hehasbeenworkingallday.Hemustbeverytired.Harryisfeelingunfortable.Hemusthavedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.跟踪练习一、用恰当的情态动词填空1.Johnson,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.2.ItwasreallyannoyingthatInotgetaccesstothedatabankyouhaveremended.3.—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate,Ireallygonow,mydaughterisathomealone.Thedoornotopen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.5.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformswhileatschool.6.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,youtakecareofyourluggage.7.Metalsexpandwhenheated.8.You'dbetterpulloverifyouansweraphone.9.Don'tbeatoffmorethanyouchew.10.WhenIwasachildandsomethingawfulwashappening,mymothertellmetoclosemyeyes.11.Youcan'timaginesuchagentlemanbesorudetoalady.12.George_______________(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.13.Ilovetheweekend，becauseI________getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.14.Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，you________haveacodebook.15.Itwassonoisythatwe________nothearourselvesspeak.16.You________beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.17.—Tellmeyoursecret.—I________．Itwouldn’tbeasecretifItoldyou.18.—CanIgonow，sir?—Ifyou________leave,doitquietly.—Who________itbethatleftthedoorunlocked?—ItmightbeMike.Heisalwaysforgettingthings.Whenhewasthere，he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthestreetcornerafterworkeveryday.二、选择括号内恰当的词(组)，并用其正确形式填空。1.There(would/usedto)beatemple,butnowthereareonlyhighbuildings.2.Isuggestyou(could/should)visittheThreeGorgesDam.it'sfascinating.3.We(must/haveto)returnbytheendofFebruary,westartedtoworkagaininMarch.4.Everyone(must/haveto)obeythelaw.5.Duringthevacation,he(shall/would)visitmeeveryotherday.6.Iinsistedthathe(oughtto/should)stay.7.They(would/might)beawayfortheweekend,butIamnotsure.三、翻译句子1.迈克尔不可能是一个警察，因为他太笨了。__________________________________________________________2.我的家乡3月份通常很暖和，但有时候相当冷。__________________________________________________________3.Lisa很可能不想去旅行，因为她讨厌旅游。__________________________________________________________4.虽然这听起来可能像一个简单的任务，但还是需要非常细心。__________________________________________________________5.灯还是亮的，所以他一定在家。__________________________________________________________6.去做你现在能做的事，否则你可能永远也不能做它们了。__________________________________________________________7.我已经告诉了你的朋友如何到达旅馆，但也许我应该开车载他去那里。__________________________________________________________8.肯定是有人打开了笼子，狮子不可能自己逃出去的。__________________________________________________________9.谢谢你上周的努力工作，我认为没有你的话我们不可能完成这个任务。__________________________________________________________10.我找不到我的钥匙了，我可能昨天把它们落在学校了。__________________________________________________________【写作升华如何写剧本】续写戏剧戏剧是一种综合的舞台艺术。我们这里要写的戏剧实际上就是剧本。它是文学体裁的一种，戏剧的基本要素包括情感、欲望、争斗、妥协等组成部分。戏剧离不开冲突，它表现在人物性格的冲突中，具体表现为一系列的动作。戏剧语言包括人物语言(台词actor's/actress'slines)和舞台说明(stagedirection)，舞台说明是写在剧本每一幕的开端、结尾和对话中间的说明性的文字、内容包括人物、时间、地点、服装、道具、布景及人物的表情、动作、上下场等。它具有增强舞台气氛，烘托人物心情，展示人物性格，推动情节展开等多种作用。[基本框架](1)人物说明：写明出场的主要人物。(2)故事背景：介绍故事发生的时间、地点及社会背景等。(3)故事梗概：故事正文，即故事的起承转合。①介绍冲突与危机(有时候会出现在故事的中段)。②主要人物出现，带出主线故事的时间和地点。③连串有关主线故事情节发展的线索及引发的插曲。④主线故事的尾段，大转折后的戏剧终点。(4)舞台说明：一些舞台说明性文字，如演出剧场的属性、每场戏布景的安排说明、开场情境等。剧本内容应主要包括戏剧人物、人物对话、舞台说明性文字等。[常用词块]1．narratorn．叙述者2．authorn．作者3．scenen．场面；情景4．actn．(戏剧等的)幕5．performv．表演6．audiencen．观众7．directorn．导演8．playwrightn．剧作家9．producern．制片10．filmn．电影11．playn．剧本12．conductn．指挥13．theatren．剧院14．sceneryn．舞台布景15．setn．布景16．stagen．舞台[常用语句]精彩开头1．TherichbrothersTomandTim,havemadeabetonthegameinthehouseonSunday.周末，Tom和Tim这对富有的哥俩在他们家里就这场比赛打了个赌。2．Theysawayoungmanwanderingoutsidetheirhouse.他们看见一个年轻人在他们的房子外徘徊。3．Heentersthehousewhenhesawasignforaplacethatsellsclothes.当他看见一个卖衣服的地方时就走了进去。4．It/Thestoryhappenedinashoponasunnyday.故事发生在一个阳光明媚的日子里，一家商店中。正文佳句1．I'dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextra­thick.I'dalsolikeacupofcoffeeandapineappledessert.我要火腿加鸡蛋还有一块大牛排。要特别厚的。我还要一杯咖啡，一份菠萝甜点。2．Right,sir.I'mafraidit'llcostalargeamountofmoney.好的，先生。恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。3．It'samazinghowmuchpleasureyougetoutofthesimplethingsinlife，especiallyifyoucan'thavethemforawhile.生活中从简单的事情中竟能得到这么大的乐趣，真是令人吃惊，特别是当你有一段时间吃不到这些东西的时候