高考英语复习百日冲刺之四定语从句导学案

英语备考百日冲刺之精选精炼，查漏补缺系列之四（定语从句）一、定语从句概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。先行词的作用：充当引导词（也称为关系词）；代替先行词；在句中充当句子成分。①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，who引导。②关系词指人作宾语，可以用that,who，whom引导。③关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that,which引导。④关系词指物由形容词或副词最高级、序数词修饰，或者是关系词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。此外指物时只用that不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行词指物被thevery、theonly、序数词、形容词或副词最高级修饰时，或者先行词既包括人也包括物时，或者先行词指物是不定代词（anything;nothing;everything等）或被不定代词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。重点点拨：1.that/which/who/whom在句子里充当主语或宾语，这些关系词叫关系代词。反推之，定语从句中缺少主语或者宾语时，用关系代词。2.whose做定语，whose既可以指人，又可以指物。即whose前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.3.定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。（引导词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，此句也是解题的诀窍。）关系副词与关系代词的选择从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。试分析：(1)Thefactory________heonceworkedisclosednow.work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词________作地点状语，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行词thefactory)。(2)Thefactory________hesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构setupthefactory，所以setup是及物动词短语。其后缺________，因此此处用________或________。用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that；同样地缺状语时，根据先行词非限制性定语从句也可以用_________(先行词是时间名词)或_________(先行词是地点名词)引导；缺主语，先行词是人时，非限制性定语从句用_______引导；缺宾语，先行词是人时，用_______或________引导。常用as的结构：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，______whichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(3)根据所表达的意思来确定Thecolourlessgas_____whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.单句语法填空①Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.②Thereason_____hefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.对比：Thereason______heexplainedtoussoundedreasonable.③Giftshopsinmuseums_______peoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.④(2021·3月天津)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes______whichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.⑤(2019·江苏)Wehaveenteredintoanage___dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.❻(2019·全国Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.❼（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.⑧Thecustomdatesbacktomorethan2,000yearsago,______peoplebelievedtheyowedagoodharvesttothegods,whoprotectedthemfromthestormyseas.⑨（2020新课标I卷）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.⑩Today,wecanreadtheclassicworkswhich________(write)byChineseinancienttimes.⑪______(date)backtotheSongDynasty,Baduanjinhasahistoryofmorethan800years.Theoldtemple______(date)backtotheancienttimes.⑫Ialsoparticipateinteamsports,through______Ienhancemyteamskills.定语从句解题三步走第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”);如果缺少定语，则用whose(后跟名词，名词可单数或复数)when;2.why(对比：that/which)；3.where；4.from;5.when;6.which;7.that;8.when9.whe