英语学科语法小专题-定语从句与名词性从句-答案

2023届英语学科语法小专题学习时间______年______月______日班级姓名教学内容区分定语从句与名词性从句课型语法知识回顾定从：用一个句子修饰、限定另一个句子中的名词或代词宜用that不用which的情况先行词既指人又指物。先行词被“三否四代五个the”修饰。no,none,littleeach,every,any,muchthevery,thesame,theonly,thefirst,thelast先行词本身是不定代词。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰。关系代词充当的从句成分指代的先行词限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句who主语人√√whom表语，动词宾语，介词宾语人√√whose定语人/（物）√√which主语,表语,动词宾语，介词宾语物√√that主语,表语，动词宾语，介词宾语人/物√×as主语,表语,动词宾语物/（人）√√②介词+关系代词：指人whom;指物which关系副词充当的从句成分先行词限制性非限制性相当于where地点状语地点①√√介词+地点(in,at+which)when时间状语时间②√√介词+时间

(at,in,on,during,by+which)why原因状语原因③√√forwhichthat方式状语方式④√×inwhich①time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion时刻，age年代，period阶段,stage时期②situation情况,point点,position位置,condition情况,scene（情景）,occasion（场合）③reason④way,means名从：用一个句子代替另一个句子中的名词从句不缺成分，不缺意思，用that从句缺主宾，指人用who，指物用what从句不缺主宾，缺什么意思补什么意思（6个W,一个H:why,when,where,whether&if,which,whose,how）无论任何+ever解题思路考点一：区分定语从句关系代词和关系副词（关键：从句缺不缺主要成分）注意：不要看到时间就填time,看到地点就填wher1.Thisisthecollege________________Ivisited.[答]that;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thisisthecollege;[从句缺宾语关系代词]____Ivisited;[先行词指物]college;[翻译]这就是我参观过的大学。2.Thisisthecollege________________Istudiedthreeyearsago.[答]where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thisisthecollege;[从句不缺主要成分关系副词]____Istudiedthreeyearsago;[先行词指地点]college;[翻译]这是我三年前就读的学院。3.I’llneverforgettheday________________wespenttogether.[答]that/which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]I'llneverforgettheday;[从句缺宾语关系代词]____wespenttogether;[先行词指物]day;[翻译]我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那一天。4.I’llneverforgettheday___________Igotmarried.[答]when;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]I'llneverforgettheday;[从句不缺主要成分关系副词]____Igotmarried;[先行词指时间]day;[翻译]我永远不会忘记我结婚的那一天。5.Thisisthereason________________hegave.[答]that/which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thisisthereason;[从句缺宾语关系代词]____hegave;[先行词指物]reason;[翻译]这就是他给出的理由。6.Thisisthereason___________Ibelieveyou.[答]why;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thisisthereason;[从句不缺主要成分关系副词]____Ibelieveyou;[先行词指原因]reason;[翻译]这是我相信你的原因。7.Istillremembertheearthquake______happenedin2008inSichuan.[答]that/which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Istillremembertheearthquake;[从句缺主语关系代词]____happenedin2008inSichuan;[先行词指物]earthquake;[翻译]我仍然记得2008年在四川发生的那场地震。Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago________Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?[答]when;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Doyourememberoneafternoon;[从句不缺主要成分]Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace;[先行词指时间]afternoon;[翻译]你记得十年前的一天下午我来你家买了一条钻石项链。9.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublished(研究被发表，published做非谓语)in2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.[答]that;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014;[从句缺主语]____showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses;[先行词指物]astudy;[翻译]该评论的两位作者还进行了一项2014年发表的研究，该研究显示，每天仅跑步五到十分钟就能降低心脏病和所有原因的早死风险。10.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.[答]when;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s;[从句不缺主要成分关系副词]____IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter;[先行词指时间]mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s;[翻译]我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在电视节目上的日子，那时我是第一位西方电视记者。11.Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，________isnotgoodforthehealth.[答]which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth;[从句作主语补足语]____isnotgoodforthehealth;[先行词指物]toomuchofboth;[翻译]任何事物都是这样，过量都不好，对健康有害。12.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof__________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.[答]whose;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme;[从句缺语]oneof____purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation;[先行词指物]theWorldFoodProgramme;[翻译]1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划，其目的之一是缓解全球饥饿。13.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof__________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.[答]which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]FrankHurleywashiredtomaketheimages;[从句缺主语]mostof____haveneverbeforebeenpublished;[先行词指物]theimages;[翻译]弗兰克·赫利，一位自信且有才华的澳大利亚摄影师，他熟悉南极洲，被雇来拍摄图片，其中大部分从未公开发表过。14.Selfdrivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.[答]where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Selfdrivingisanarea;[从句不缺主要成分关系副词]____Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline;[先行词指地点]anarea;[翻译]自动驾驶是一个领域，在这个领域中国和世界其他地方都处于同一起跑线上。考点二：区分定语从句与名词性从句（关键：主句缺不缺成分）15.ItseemedthatIhadbee________myparentshadwantedmetobe.[答]what;名词性从句——宾语从句;[句子主干]Itseemedsth.,sth.为真正的主语,[主语从句]thatIhasbee____myparentshadwantedmetobe;在这个主从中,有两个谓语，又分为主句和从句,[主从缺宾语名从]Ihadbee;[从句缺宾语指物]________myparentshadwantedmetobe[翻译]我似乎变成了我的父母希望我成为的样子。16.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.[答]how;名词性从句——主语从句;[主句缺表语名从]Whatsurprisedmewas[表从1]notwhathesaid;[表从2不缺成分补"如何"之意]but________hesaidit;[翻译]使我惊讶的不是他说了什么，而是他怎么说的。17."Hesavedmyson’slife,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow__________tothankhim.”[答]how;名词性从句——宾语从句;[主句缺宾语]Idon'tknow;[从句补“如何”之意]__________tothankhim;[翻译]布朗夫人说：“他救了我儿子的命，我不知道怎样感谢他。”18.Somecountries______namesIhadneverheardofbeforewereshownonthemap.[答]whose;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Somecountrieswereshownonthemap;[从句缺定语国家的+name]______namesIhadneverheardofbefore;[先行词]countries;[翻译]一些我以前从未听说过名字的国家在地图上显示了出来。19.Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak__________shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.[答]if/whether;名词性从句——宾语从句;[句子主干]Cobbstartedtoaskorganizerssth.缺sth.缺宾语[宾语从句不缺成分补“是否”之意]________shecoulddosoremotely;[翻译]对于Cobb来说，她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程进行；大约四分之三的时间，他们同意了。20.All_____weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.[答]that;定语从句关系代词;[主句不缺成分定从]Allisrest.[从句缺宾语指物]_____weneed;[翻译]我们需要的全部就是长时间工作后足够的休息。21.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.[答]fromwhich/where;定语从句关系副词;[主句]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes;[从句不缺成分关系副词]________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem;[翻译]威廉·哈斯蒂曾经建议，历史告诉我们过去的错误，从错误中我们可以学习而不重复它们。22.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.[答]whose;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]InancientChinalivedanartist;[从句缺定语]________paintingswerealmostlifelike;[先行词指人]artist;[翻译]在古中国，有一个艺术家，他的画作几乎逼真。23.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis______theyneedanEnglishtrainer.[答]why;名词性从句——表语从句;[主句缺表语]Thisis;[从句不缺成分补”为何”之意]________theyneedanEnglishtrainer;[翻译]他们也需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。24.（2021天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.[答]why;名词性从句——表语从句;[主句缺表语]WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis;[从句不缺主要成分]________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas;[翻译]让莉莉的朋友们感到困惑的是，为什么她总是有这么多疯狂的想法。25.Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem__________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.[答]whether;名词性从句——宾语从句;[主句缺宾语]askthem;[从句不缺成分补”是否”之意]________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible;[翻译]奥利弗说，如果你够幸运有一个喜欢做饭的亲近之人，问他们是否可以在可能的时候加入。26.Hemaywinthepetition,in_________caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.[答]which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Hemaywinthepetition;[从句缺宾语]in________caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam;[先行词指物]case;[翻译]他可能会赢得比赛，在那种情况下他很可能会进入国家队。27.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.[答]inwhich/where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Hewrotealetter;[从句不缺成分关系副词]________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident;[先行词指地点]letter;[翻译]他写了一封信，在那封信里他解释了事故中发生的事情。28.Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.[答]whether;名词性从句——表语从句;[主句缺真正的主语]Itisnotaproblem;[从句不缺成分补”是否”之意]________wecanwinthebattle;[翻译]我们能否赢得这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。29.________urbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushinganimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitatsisnotnecessarilyaccurate.[答]That;名词性从句——主语从句;[主句缺主语]isnotnecessarilyaccurate;[从句不缺成分不缺意思]________urbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushinganimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitats;[翻译]城市发展和气候变化导致动物被迫离开它们自然栖息地的说法未必准确。30.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.[答]as;名词性从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife;[从句缺主语]________hasbeendiscovered;[翻译]已经发现，很多语言学习在生命的第一年发生，所以父母应该在那个时期多和孩子交谈。[注意]as相关的表达难以理解语法成分，可作为固定搭配来记忆。31.Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.[答]what;名词性从句;[主句缺宾语]Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakesth.etrue,缺sth.缺宾语;[从句缺宾语]________ProfessorJosephhadsaid;[翻译]这个学生完成了这个实验，以实现约瑟夫教授所说的事情。32.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.[答]whose;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]IwishtothankProfessorSmith;[从句缺定语关系代词]without________help;[先行词指人]ProfessorSmith;[翻译]我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远也走不到这一步。33.________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.[答]What;名词性从句;句子1[________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate]and句子2[that’stherealspiritofinvention]并列,在句子1中,[句子主干]:aissth.,sth.remainsimportant,sth.未给出,[主句缺主语]isthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothink,[从句缺主语sth.指物]________remainsimportant;[翻译]仍然重要的是，我们有着惊人的思考和创造欲望，那才是发明的真正精神。34.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.[答]which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskill;[从句缺宾语介词+关系代词]upon________schooleducationdepends;[先行词指物]skill;[翻译]一些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。dependon=dependupon35.Itoccurredtome________Ihadanimportantmeetingtoattendthenextday.[答]that;名词性从句;[主句缺真正的主语]Itoccurredtome;[从句不缺成分不缺意思]________Ihadanimportantmeetingtoattendthenextday;[翻译]我突然想起，我第二天有一个重要会议要参加。36.Itisnecessary__________westrengthenselfdiscipline,whetherwearelawyers,publicservants,consultants,clerks,orreceptionists.[答]that;名词性从句——主语从句;[主句]Itisnecessary;[从句]thatwestrengthenselfdiscipline,whetherwearelawyers,publicservants,consultants,clerks,orreceptionists;[翻译]无论我们是律师、公务员、顾问、文员还是接待员，加强自我约束都是必要的。37.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.[答]as;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear;[从句缺主语]_______isreported;[翻译]报告称，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内下降了17%。[注意]as相关的表达难以理解语法成分，可作为固定搭配来记忆。38.Whetherwecansolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollutiondependsinlargemeasureon________wecanusecleanenergyinareasonablewayornot.[答]whether;名词性从句;whetherornot固定搭配39.Iwonder________makesthisdecisionandhowtheyetotheirconclusion.[答]who;名词性从句;[主句缺宾语]Iwonder;[从句缺主语]________makesthisdecisionandhowtheyetotheirconclusion;[翻译]我想知道是谁做出这个决定以及他们是如何得出结论的。40.Weshouldbelievethateachofusisabletodosomethingwell,and________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed.[答]that;名词性从句;句子1[thateachofusisabletodosomethingwell]句子2[and________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed]并列,[主句缺宾语]Weshouldbelieve;[从句不缺成分不缺意思]________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed;[翻译]我们应该相信，我们每个人都能做好某件事，如果我们努力工作，我们就会成功。41.Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.[答]where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere;[从句不缺成分关系副词]wherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork;[先行词指地点]atmosphere;[翻译]公司老板正试图创造一个轻松的氛围，员工们可以享受他们的工作。42.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.[答]where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch;[从句不缺成分关系副词]whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic;[先行词指地点]St.Paul’sChurch;[翻译]对面是圣保罗教堂，你可以在那里听到一些美妙的音乐。43.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.[答]where;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities;[从句不缺成分关系副词]wheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth;[先行词指地点]activities;[翻译]学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。44.TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarequitedifferentfromeachother.Thisis__________theculturesystemsareseparate.[答]why;名词性从句——表语从句;[主句]Thisis;[从句]whytheculturesystemsareseparate;[翻译]东西方的文化彼此大不相同。这是因为文化体系是分开的。45.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_______usesitsomewhatdifferently.[答]which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures;[从句缺主语]eachof_______usesitsomewhatdifferently;[先行词指物]cultures;[翻译]英语是多种不同文化共用的语言，每种文化使用它的方式都有些不同。46.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_________shewouldstayforanhour.[答]where;定语从句;[主句]Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentre;[从句]whereshewouldstayforanhour;[先行词]trainingcentre;[翻译]那个女孩安排了在培训中心和她姐姐一起的钢琴课，在那里她会待一个小时。47.Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivalis________thefamilyarereunitedandcelebratethenewyear.[答]when;名词性从句——时间状语从句;[主句]Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivalis;[从句]whenthefamilyarereunitedandcelebratethenewyear;[翻译]众所周知，春节是家人团聚并庆祝新年的时刻。48.Nowthatsummerisfinallyhere,familiesarepreparingfor________theyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines.[答]what;名词性从句——宾语从句;[主句]familiesarepreparingfor;[从句]whattheyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines;[翻译]既然夏天终于来了，家庭们正为他们期望的远离日常生活的完美假期做准备。考点三：区分定语从句与同位语从句关键：同位语语从句中，主句不缺成分，等同而非限定49.Thereason________hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.[答]why;同位语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thereasonwasthathegotuplate;[从句]whyhewaslate;[翻译]他迟到的原因是他起晚了。Thereason________themeetingwaspostponedwasduetotheunexpectedweatherconditions.[答]that/which;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thereasonwasduetotheunexpectedweatherconditions;[从句缺宾语]that/whichthemeetingwaspostponed;[先行词指事]reason;[翻译]会议被推迟的原因是因为意外的天气条件。51.Thequestion________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswersinceitiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue.[答]whether;同位语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thequestioniseasytoanswer;[从句]whetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture;[翻译]英语将来是否会继续变化的问题很容易回答，因为这一过程肯定会继续。52.Thequestion________manypeopleareaskingiswhetherthepolicywillchange.[答]that;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Thequestioniswhetherthepolicywillchange;[从句缺宾语]thatmanypeopleareasking;[先行词指事]question;[翻译]许多人提出的问题是政策是否会改变。53.Canyoufindtheanswertothequestion__________waswrongwiththeputer?[答]that;定语从句;[主句不缺成分定从]Canyoufindtheanswe