高三年级上册第二次调研考试英语试题（解析版）

2022届河北省衡水中学高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试

题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读

下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatisthemainreasonforthemantocuthishair?

A.Toimpressthewoman.

B.Tobemorecomfortable.

C.Tolookmoreprofessional.

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

A.Whentheyshouldbringthingsontheplane.

B.Whatisnotallowedincheckedbags.

C.WhynewregulationsaremadeinCanada.

3.Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto?

A.Herneighbor.B.Herrepairman.C.Herhusband.

4.WhenwillBenstarttohelphisaunt?

A.At4:00.B.At4:30.C.At5:00.

5.Whatwillthewomandothisweekend?

A.Organizetheinformation.B.Dosomesurveys.C.Planouthersubject.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、

C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，

每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两

遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdidthemanhavetroubledoing?

A.Reading.B.Seeingtheroadsigns.C.Seeingthetelevisionscreen.

7.Howdoesthemangethiseyeproblemaccordingtothewoman?

A.Ithappenedovertime.B.Itrunsinthefamily.C.Heinjuredhiseyes.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.WhatisonTVnow?

A.Asportgame.B.Thenews.C.Amovie.

9.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inahotel.B.Atasteakhouse.C.Atafriend'shouse.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inastore.B.Inarestaurant.C.Athome.

11.Whatdidthemanputonthesandwich?

A.Potato.B.Lemonjuice.C.Mustard.

12.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?

A.Throwoutthesandwich.B.Smellthesandwich.C.Makesomenewsandwiches.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whopaintedthepicturesonthewall?

A.Thegreatpainters.B.Thecollegeprofessor.C.Theman.

14.HowlonghasJackbeenpainting?

A.Aroundtenyears.B.Aroundtwoyears.C.Aroundoneyear.

15.Whatdoesthewomanlike?

A.Drawingpictures.B.Writingbooks.C.Takingphotos.

16.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?

A.Designsomething.B.Takeacollegeclass.C.Sharetheworks.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthepurposeoftheannouncement?

A.Toconductcustomerinterviews.

B.Tocomparefilmchoicesonairplanes.

C.Toinformtheimprovementsoftheairlineservices.

18.HowmanyflightswilltherebebetweenLosAngelesandSeattleperday?

A.Oneflightineachdirection.

B.Twoflightsineachdirection.

C.Fourflightsineachdirection.

19.Whatcoloristhecompany'snewuniform?

A.Deepgreenandblack.B.Lightgreenandbrown.C.Deepblueandblack.

20.Whatkindofmoviesdopassengerswantthemost?

A.Hitsfromthe19801s.B.Canadiancomedies.C.Filmsforkids.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

LonelyPlanetTrips

HerearesometraveldestinationsbyLonelyPlanet.Readingthem,you'llbeinaflash.

Bhutan

TheKingdomofBhutan,locatedontheSilkRoadinSouthAsia,claimedtheNo.1spotpartly

foritsmajesticbeautyandbecauseithadbecomethefirstfullyorganicnationby2020.The

kingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthandsub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,

whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan'shighestpeakandisbelievedtobethehighest

unclimbedmountainintheworld.

NorthMacedonia

IfyouwantanalternativetoEurope'smorepopulartravelspots,NorthMacedoniacouldbefbr

you.Itsmountainsandtheirtrailsare“blissfullyquiet“andthelocalsare“unfailinglyhelpful”

accordingtoLonelyPlanet.AmongitsdestinationsisOhrid,acharming,oldtowndottedwith

medievalruinsandchurches,linedwithcobblestonestreets,andoverlookingLakeOhrid.

Eswatini

Thekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateandtopographydifferences,andisknownforits

widevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemorethan500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.

Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontierconservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.

CostaRica

CostaRicaisbelovedformanyreasons,fromitscoffeetoitsepicsurfing.It'salsonotablefor

itsrelianceongreenenergysources.Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesources

suchaswindandhydro.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostbiodiversecountries—hometohalfa

millionspecies.Ofcourse,notriptoCostaRicaiscompletewithoutavisittotheSlothSanctuary.

1.WhatcantouristsappreciateinbothBhutanandNorthMacedonia?

A.Organicproducts.B.Subtropicaljungles.

C.Medievalarchitecture.D.Mountainscenery.

2.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesEswatini?

A.Pleasantquietness.B.Topographyvarieties.

C.Abundantwildlife.D.Cobblestonestreets.

3.WhatisCostaRicadistinguishedfor?

A.Renewableresources.B.Biodiverseplants.

C.Frontierpreserves.D.TheSilkRoad.

【答案】l.D2.C3.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了《孤独星球》推荐的四个旅行圣地一一不丹、北马其顿、

伊斯瓦蒂尼和哥斯达黎加。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据Bhutan部分中的“Thekingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthand

sub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan'shighest

peakandisbelievedtobethehighestunclimbedmountainintheworld.（不丹南部有郁郁葱葱的

亚热带平原，北部有亚高山喜马拉雅山脉，其中包括不丹的最高峰甘卡普森山，它被认为是

世界上最高的未被攀登的山峰）”及NorthMacedonia部分中的“Itsmountainsandtheirtrails

are"blissfullyquiet1'andthelocalsare"'unfailinglyhelpfuF'accordingtoLonelyPlanet.（《孤独星

球》称，这里的山脉和小径“宁静得令人幸福”，当地人“永远乐于助人"）"可知，不丹

和北马其顿能让游客欣赏到山景。故选D项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Eswatini部分中的“Thekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateand

topographydifferences,andisknownforitswidevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemore

than500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontier

conservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.（这个王国拥有众多不同的气候和地形，并以其丰

富多样的野生动物而闻名，其中包括500多种鸟类和107种哺乳动物。国家有七个自然保护

区，四个边境保护区和三个野生动物保护区）”可知，伊斯瓦蒂尼以其丰富多样的野生动物

而闻名。故选C项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据CostaRica部分中的"It'salsonotableforitsrelianceongreenenergysources.

Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesourcessuchaswindandhydro.（它对绿色能

源的依赖也值得注意。事实上，它90%的能源是由风能和水能等可再生能源产生的）”可知，

哥斯达黎加以可再生资源著称。故选A项。

【点睛】阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，

作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在

寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对

比较，直到找到正确答案。

HeZehuiaChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecamean

outstandingscientist.

Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.

ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudy

attheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuture

husbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.in

Engineering.

Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission（铀核裂变），whichdrew

globalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations,alsomarkingamilestoneinthe

developmentofChina'sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe

“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina^^•

AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributeda

greatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s,shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclear

emulsions（核孚L胶）inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.He

andherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina'sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.She

wasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstanding

achievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.

Throughouthercareer,Heconqueredmanyobstacles,andwasalwaysonthefrontlinesof

China'sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonal

fame.Theworld*stopphysicistsrecognizedHeasafamousscientist,44ChineseMadameCurie”.

HepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.She

dedicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersand

maintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;to

bothsheisnowanicon.

4.Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?

A.Identitybackground.B.Characterpersonalities.

C.Educationexperiences.D.Professioncompetence.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?

A.Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.

B.HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.

C.HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.

D.HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.

6.WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas"TheChineseMarieCurie"?

A.Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.

B.Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.

C.Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.

D.Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.

7.HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?

A.Ambitious,talented,conservativeanddetermined.

B.Unselfish,patriotic,indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.

C.Aggressive,imaginative,stronginmindandkindinheart.

D.Knowledgeable,awesome,creativeandsociable.

【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段uShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreein

physics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopin

herclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China'snfatheroftheatomicbomb”.

In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering/1936年,她毕业于清华大学物理系，随后进入柏

林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三

强，成为班上的第一名。1940年，她获得了工程学博士学位。）”可知，本段主要介绍何泽

慧的教育经历。故选C。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,

whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's

"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.（随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了

她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强，成为班上的第一名。）”和第三段介绍的夫妻

俩的成就可知，其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“HeZehui,aChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsin

physicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist中国核物理学家何泽辉在物理学上做出了巨大成

就，成为一名杰出的科学家。）”、第三段的最后一句"ManyWesternmediacalledthecouple

the“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”.（许多西方媒体称这对夫妇的“中国居里夫人和皮

埃尔•居里”。）”和第四段的第一句uAsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnology

inChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.（作为我国核科学技术的开拓

者之一，何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。）”可知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大

贡献，西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人:故选A。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueon

personalfame.（她发表了几十篇论文，但并不看重个人名声。）”和最后一段“Shededicated

herselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthe

higheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;（她献身于科学，

过着简朴的生活，总是培养年轻的研究人员，保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她

的国家和科学;）”可知，何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人，献身于中国的科学事业，有极

高的科研素养，对中国的核物理的研究和发展作出了极大的贡献，是值得我们学习、顶礼膜

拜的杰出的核物理学家。故选B。

C

Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe've

“summered.”"Summer“isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.

Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuch

atidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto

“fbot"bills,ttchair^^committees,and“dialogue“withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn't

feeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.

“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage/9saysPatricia09Conner,aformer

editoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbs

wereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percent

ofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.

Eventhoughconversion（转化）isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.

WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmerican

English—havethistosay:"Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallare

bad,butallaresuspect.^^TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwritersto

useverbswithgreatcare.

"Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,^^says

O'Conner.Thafswhywe'recomfortable“hosting“aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethought

of“medaling“insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandom

House,doesn'tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying“anounifit's

easilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit'sdescriptivebutnot

silly-sounding,hesays.

Intheend,however,styleissubjective.Easyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartof

Englishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish"English."Notevery

coinage（新仓的词语）passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.

8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?

A.Ithasn'trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.

B.Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.

C.Ithasn'tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.

D.Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice

9.Whatismostleadingexperts9attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?

A.Cautious.B.Satisfied.

C.Disappointed.D.Unconcerned.

10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?

A.Predictable.B.Practicable.

C.Approaching.D.Impossible.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns?

B.AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?

C.AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?

D.AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?

【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计

20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用''这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也

有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.

（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名

词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所

有的都是可疑的）和TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwritersto

useverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，

对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage（新创的词语）passesintogeneraluse,butasfor

tryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停

止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计

20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但

是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东

西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动

用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌

吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。

D

Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanew

fungus（真菌）thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils（卷须）withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.

Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger“willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgold

deposits（沉淀物）andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentally

friendly.

Thegold-lovingfunguswasdiscoveredaccidentallybyateamofresearchersledbyDr.Tsing

Bohu,ascientistatAustralianationalscienceagency,CSIRO,whentheywereexaminingthe

microbes（微生物）inthesoilatBoddington,atinytownhometoAustralia'slargestgoldmine.

Acloseranalysissuggestedthatthefungususeschemicalinteractionswithunderground

mineralstoaccumulategoldfromitssurroundings.Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsin

nature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected."Fungiarewell-knownforplayinganimportantrole

intherecyclingoforganicmaterial,suchasleavesandbark,aswellasforthecyclingofother

metals,Dr.Bohuexplained.44Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusual

andsurprising.^^

Thefungiarenotwearingthegoldforbeauty.t4Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthis

reaction/'Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithat

don'tworkwithgold.^^

Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetween

thefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasure

signoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.Thescientistsalsobelievethefungi

couldbeusedtodetectthepresenceofgoldinwasteproductsandman-madeelectronics.

However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthe

delicatefungusishardtosee.Also,itsgoldcanonlybeseenunderamicroscope.

12.Whataretheexpertsstarvedof?

A.Investigatingthesites.B.Excavatingthegoldmines.

C.Gettingfurtherinformed.D.Unearthinggolddeposits.

13.WhatcouldbelearnedaccordingtoDr.Bohu?

A.Fungi'sinteractionwithgoldisunexpectedbutbeneficial.

B.Gold'sclassificationisbiologicallyidentifiedbyfungi.

C.Fungi'sformationwithgoldisfairlynaturalandfrequent.

D.Goldischemicallyaccumulatedbyfungi9sevolution.

14.Howdoestheauthorfindthefinding?

A.Itexcitesthegolddiggers'motivation.

B.Ithasalongwaytogobeforeconfirmation.

C.Itlaysthefoundationofgeologicalstudies.

D.Itensuresthesearchofgoldsites.

15.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Beauty-lovingFungiWrappedbyGold

B.Gold-lovingFungiDiscoveredinAustralia

C.Boddington,Austria'sLargestGoldMine

D.NewDiscoveryofGoldwithFungi

【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了“喜欢”金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生

物习性及相应的科学展望。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe"golddigger5（willprovide

informationonthelocationsofgolddeposits（沉淀物）andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetal

easier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly."可知，专家们迫切希望"淘金者”能提供金矿的位

置信息，使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易，更环保。由此可知，专家们希望获得更多关于携带

金子的真菌的信息。故选C。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中l<Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereaction

withgoldwasunexpected."及Dr.Bohu说的话”Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthis

interactionisbothunusualandsurprising/）可知，虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作

用，但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃，两者间的相互作用既不寻

常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的'"'Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.''Dr.Bohu

said,''Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon'tworkwith

gold"”可知，“这种反应有生物学上的好处。"Dr.Bohu说，”与其他不能与黄金共生的

真菌相比，喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。”由此可知，Dr.Bohu认为真菌与黄金

的相互作用出人意料，但却是有益的•故选A。

14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstand

therelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermine

ifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.（研究人员

仍然需要进行进一步的分析，以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是，他们需要确定

它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象）”以及最后一段"However,thosehoping

togetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.（然

而，那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了，因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到）”

可推断出，作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选B。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientists

havediscoveredanewfungus（真菌）thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils（卷须）withgold

collectedfromthesoil."以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述，包括发现方式、发现分析及对

其的科学展望等可知，标题核心词为gold-lovingfungi（喜金真菌）。A项中核心词为

beauty-lovingfungi（爱美真菌），错误；C选项中核心词为goldmine（金矿），错误；D选项中

核心词为goldwithfungi（含真菌的金子），错误。故选B。

【点睛】标题猜测题目的解题步骤。一、阅读题目要求，确定文章主题；二，通读短文，了

解段落内容作简要概括，留意核心词（比如本文的核心词为gold-lovingfungi）；三、参看全

文，对答案检验，是否存在段落与标题不符的情况。比如第4题选中B答案后，要将该标

题带到每个分段落中，看是否存在不符。如果存在，就得重新考虑标题选择；不存在，即可

确定答案。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talkingto

yourselfisthefirstsignofmadness,16Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyin

ourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.

Farfrombeingmentallyill,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageour

activities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.17

Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechto

regulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorof

others18Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveour

performanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesinto

categories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesin

thesecondperson,asctyou^^ratherthan"I”.

19Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You'recertaintoseeanathleteortwo

cheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.

Conductadialoguewithourselves.20Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularly

goodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Theto-and-frobetweendifferentpoints

ofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplaces,justlikearegulardialoguecan,and

mightturnouttobeoneofthekeystohumancreativity.

A.Whatisprivatespeech?

B.Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.

C.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.

D.Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.

E.Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.

F.Aswegrowolder,wemaketheprivatespeechbecomethewayofblinking,

G.Althoughtheprivatespeechiseffective,weneverentirelyputawaytheout-loudspeech.

【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.G20.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。自言自语非但不代表精神失常，

而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作

一段关于自己经历的故事。

【16题详解】

根据上文“用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。”以及空格后“自言自语

—无论是大声说出还是在心中默念一一都很有价值，是思考的一种工具。”得知空格处

表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故选B。

【17题详解】

根据上文“自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创

作一段关于自己经历的故事。”得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。

故选C。

【18题详解】

根据下文“心理学实验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力，

比如从判断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。”得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增

长，我们并没有放弃这个体系一一我们把它内化了。故选F。

【19题详解】

根据下文举例“打开体育频道，你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，

或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。”得知空格处表示转折：我们内化了在孩童时期使用

的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选G。

【20题详解】

根据空上文“与自己进行对话。”得知空格处承接上文表示：自问自答似乎是一种很好的

解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选D。

第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的

最佳选项。

Afewyearsago,myfatherarrangedtosendmeamail-orderfruitcakeatChristmastime.While

IhadrecentlysettledinManhattanwithagoodjob,he21mycupboardsandrefrigerator

mightbebare.

Iwas44then,andhewas72.Hewantedmetohaveaparticularbrandoffruitcake.Madein

Texas,itwasfamousamongfruitcakelovers-or,22,amongpeoplewhogavefruitcakesto

thosewhowereassumedto23them."Itremindsmeofmymother's,"hesaid.My

grandmother's24,1laterlearnt,wasacaketypicaloftheGreatDepressionDadgrewupin,

madewithoutsugar,butteroreggs.

25thefruitcakewashiswayoftryingtotakecareofmefromafar.Regardlessofmy

26status,Iwasstillhisson.Afruitcake,inhismind,wasa27Christmasgift:

Fruitcakecanfillyourbellyandhasalongshelflife.

“ItshouldarrivethefirstweekofDecember,uhesaid.nLetmeknowwhatyouthink28

yougetit."Iwaslookingforwardto29theflavorsthattransportedhimtohischildhood.The

firstweekofDecemberpassedwithnosignofhisfruitcake.30byholidaymail,I

assumed.

Heremained31thefruitcakewouldcomebyNewYear'sEve.Yet,January,February,

andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.Thoughmyfather32toaskaboutit,Inever

onceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehad33arrivedandwasdelicious.

InsteadIsaid,“Thatcakeisorbitingearth,andsoonerorlateritwill34.“

EarlylastDecember,nearlyayearaftermyfatherdiedfromafailingheart,Igotacallsaying,

“Youhaveapackage.'*Iwentdownstairstopickitup.ThebrownboxhadaFedExlabelwitha

35addressinTexas.

21.A.fearedB.sensedC.complainedD.prayed

22.A.aboveallB.inturnC.atleastD.onthe

whole

23.A.takeB.love