数量遗传学作业(侯云鹏)

石河子大学数量遗传学 姓名：侯云鹏专业：作物遗传育种学号：2013107014学院：农学院第一题以水稻组合谷粒长度性状数据(表1)为例,分别进行A、B、C尺度检验。答：表1水稻谷粒长度的平均数和方差世代株数谷粒长度P1307.57±0.15P22510.08±0.21F188.85±0.14F23868.81±0.59B1528.20±0.42B2659.37±0.53①：计算A、B、C及其方差和标准差：A=P1+F1-2B1A=7.57+8.85-2×8.20=0.02VA=VP1+VF1+4VB1=0.152+0.142+4×0.422=0.2085SA==√VA=0.4565B=P2+F1-2B2B=10.08+8.85-2×9.37=0.19VB=VP2+VF1+4VB2=0.212+0.142+4×0.532=1.187SB=√VB=0.4359C=P1+P2+2F1-4F2C=7.57+10.08+2×8.85-4×8.81=0.11VC=VP1+VP2+4VF1+16VF2=0.152+0.212+4×0.142+16×0.592=5.714SC=√VC=2.38②：通过显著性测验判断所调查的性状是否符合加性—显性模型：表2水稻谷粒长度尺度检验尺度平均数±标准误tdfpA0.02±0.45660.0438100p<0.01B0.19±0.43590.435995p<0.01C0.11±2.390.0460426p<0.01由于A、B、C与期望值的差异到达极显著水平，所以加性-显性模型不适合水稻谷粒长度的遗传分析。2.以8个玉米自交系组配的完全双列杂交数据〔表2〕为例，首先以品种为固定效应计算8个自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力，其次再以品种为随机效应估算性状的遗传效应。答：①：以品种为固定效应计算8个自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力：表1-原始数据方差分析表变异来源自由度平方和均方F-值p值区组211328.325664.161515.9567处理652428.89537.36763.40390.0001误差1301427.13710.978总的19715184.35表2-配合力方差分析表变异来源自由度平方和均方F-值p值一般配合力77.3451.04930.28670.9582特殊配合力28353.2612.61643.44770.0001反交28292.595610.44982.85570.0001误差130475.71243.6593表3-一般配合力效应及其比拟LSD法多重比拟(下三角为均值差,上三角为显著水平)No.均值3685742133.21960.00810.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.000161.40091.81870.12590.08520.00180.00110.00010.000180.35922.86041.04170.84640.10110.07580.01210.002250.2282.99171.17290.13120.14750.1130.02030.0047-0.75743.97712.15831.11670.98540.890.37330.14254-0.85124.07082.25211.21041.07920.09380.45180.18362-1.36164.58122.76251.72081.58960.60420.51040.56141-1.75544.9753.15632.11461.98330.99790.90420.3938表4-字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平33.2196aA61.4009bB80.3592bcBC50.228bcBC7-0.7574cdCD4-0.8512cdCD2-1.3616dCD1-1.7554dD由表1-5的分析结果可知：8个自交系品种的一般配合力存在不同程度地差异，由Dunkan多重比拟分析结果可知：第3个品种的一般配合力到达极显著水平，明显高于其他品种〔P＜0.01〕；第6、8、5品种间的一般配合力无显著性差异〔P＞0.05〕。表5-特殊配合力亲本23456781-2.0780.54081.51164.63240.79291.4345-0.13212-3.23632.0845-1.19461.03240.6074-0.52593-0.0634-0.90920.2845-1.52380.82624-0.2551-0.478-1.0863-1.33635-1.9238-0.13210.25126-1.37171.611670.3699表6-反交效应亲本23456781-5.52.96670.65.53333.63.21671.833321.31671.43331.43330.63330.98331.566731.66672.11.06671.43334.341.21671.36670.86671.66675-0.73330.1-0.260.56670.27-1.8综上，每种效应的方差估计：均值10.6950；一般配合力方差0.1941；特殊配合力方差2.7168；反交效应方差1.8297。②：随机模型分析结果：表7-各个方差成分的估计与测验成分方差F-值p值一般配合力-0.68670.08630.999特殊配合力5.00993.44770.0001反交224.0872.85570.0001误差0.206遗传参数估计：加性方差=0.0000显性方差=5.0099遗传方差=5.0099环境方差=10.9780表型方差=15.9879广义遗传力=31.34%狭义遗传力=0.00%3.根据表3和表4提供的数据,进行遗传连锁图谱构建及QTL定位,并对其及结果进行分析解释.(说明:这是一个棉花RIL群体188个家系,在四个环境下棉花产量性状的性状和SSR分析结果,需要先构建遗传图谱,在此根底,可分环境采用WINCARTOPG软件和多环境联合采用QTLNEKWORK软件进行QTL分析.分子标记数据中但凡标记与亲本2相同者计为1,与亲本1相同者计为0).答：整理数据构建连锁图谱(连锁图谱的构建)，利用QGA软件处理得出map，继续按格式分组整理数据，用QTL软件处理〔命名为map-染色体组、qtl定位用〕。输出结果：qtl定位.pre、qtl定位.qnk及下列图。②．_trait1seedfiberyield_variance_components(populationmean:392.1176)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.01530.00000.01950.9653_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value11-8Mk92-Mk9326.325.3-27.3-18.58645.41810.000604_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)11-80.01530.0195_trait2lintfiberyield_variance_components(populationmean:150.2572)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.01380.06110.01760.9076_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value11-8Mk92-Mk9326.324.0-27.3-7.29562.16870.000770_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)11-80.01380.0176_trait3lintpercent_trait4bollweight_variance_components(populationmean:5.0855)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.00120.36960.01190.6173_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value13-1Mk108-Mk1093.01.0-5.00.02540.02150.238102_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)13-10.00120.0119注：以下列图均在见于连锁图.excel4.已表5数据为例，评价参试品系的一般适应性和特殊适应性。答：注：V1-V8分别为NSW11，WOH830，NTH139，中饲237，WH00-3，WOH1236，H1890，新冬17号。E1-E4分别为122团，142团，166团，石河子大学。一般适应性：指的是品种对一系列环境的适应性。〔一般来说这样的品种G×E互作小。〕特殊适应性：指的是品种对特地环境下的紧密适应性。〔一般来说这样的品种有较大的G×E互作〕。一般适应性：〔品种稳定性可用来反映该品系的一般适应性〕利用DPS数据处理软件采用品种区域试验-品种稳定性分析〔2年-4个地点-8个品系〕图1-品种稳定性示意图估计品种稳定性参数的方差分析(一)变异来源dfSSMSF值p总的316.8684品种70.84410.12063.15270.0271环境+(品种X环境)246.02430.251环境(线性)14.27454.2745品种X环境(线性)71.13790.16264.250.0079合并离差160.6120.0382估计品种稳定性参数的方差分析(二)不考虑环境区组的变异来源dfSSMSF值pSdi^2F值pv120.19140.09574.26650.01540.07332.81050.0623v220.01620.00810.36150.6971-0.01430.23810.7883v320.09810.04912.1870.1150.02661.44070.2389v420.08270.04141.84480.16080.01891.21520.2986v520.04060.02030.90410.4066-0.00220.59560.5521v620.06040.03021.34630.26260.00780.88690.4134v720.04330.02170.96580.3825-0.00080.63620.5302v820.07930.03961.7670.17360.01721.1640.3141试验误差1964.39580.0224不考虑环境区组的试验误差2247.62640.034Shukla模型分析No.品种均值方差F值p值V12.59840.08342.45030.0644V22.78660.03380.9940.3965V32.820.0671.96780.1197V42.69410.04031.18440.3165V52.81190.03961.16190.3251V62.88130.05351.57240.1969V72.68910.0712.08510.103V83.17410.27798.16330.0001品种稳定性Tai模式分析No.品种均值αλpv12.59840.06183.59160.2427v22.78660.11241.40280.5085v32.820.10782.70360.3087v42.6941-0.07371.89060.4099v52.81190.10511.67430.4487v62.88130.11252.15480.3706v72.6891-0.1432.56160.3227v83.1741-0.28288.48510.1111由Shukla模型分析结果可知：F值越小，那么说明品种的基因型越稳定。与计算出的F值相比拟：F值不显著时，那么认为该品种稳定，F值到达显著水平，那么认为该品种不稳定。可此可知V2品种的一般适应性强于其他品种。戴乔治法(C.C.C.Tai)模式分析：当a＝-1，λ＝l时，该品种为完全稳定性品种；其产量不受环境变化的影响，但是实际上完全稳定性品种是不存在的；当a＝0，λ=l时，该品种为平均稳定性品种，是任何优良品种能获得和满足稳定性概率水平的。综合比拟结果与Shukla模型分析结果相一致。表品比试验结果AMMI分析变异来源dfSSMSFProb.总的255115.95790.4547处理3154.9471.77256.50760.0001基因76.75270.96473.54170.0012环境334.195811.398641.84970.0001交互作用2113.99850.66662.44740.0006PCA199.71351.07934.63050.0001PCA273.11970.44571.91210.0687残差51.16540.2331误差22461.01090.2724变量产量平均离差PCA1PCA2特征向量1特征向量2NSW112.5984-0.2085-0.18480.4958-0.1760.6274WOH8302.7866-0.0204-0.3023-0.0789-0.2879-0.0999NTH1392.820.0131-0.2188-0.4468-0.2085-0.5654中饲2372.6941-0.11290.10770.14850.10260.1879WH00-32.81190.005-0.2371-0.3031-0.2259-0.3836WOH12362.88130.0743-0.33260.2145-0.31680.2714H18902.6891-0.11790.39940.06380.38040.0807新冬17号3.17410.36710.7685-0.09370.7321-0.1186122团2.83830.03140.123-0.67160.1171-0.8499142团2.8058-0.0011-0.23190.118-0.22090.1493166团3.3080.5011-0.66210.2212-0.63080.2799石河子大学2.2756-0.53130.77110.33250.73460.4207②．特殊适应性：利用DPS数据处理软件采用品种区域试验-多年多点分析〔2年-4个地点-8个品系〕。表环境×品种平均产量环境\品种E_1E_2E_3E_4平均V12.29382.56133.41882.122.5984V22.82752.893.44251.98632.7866V33.13252.76133.40251.98382.82V42.60252.942.9952.23882.6941V53.02132.8053.41872.00252.8119V62.72383.013.63252.15882.8813V72.742.512.99882.50752.6891V83.3652.96883.1553.20753.1741平均2.83832.80583.3082.27562.8069各个品种差异显著性测定Duncan多重比拟(下三角为均值差,上三角为显著水平)No.均值8635247183.17410.01860.00710.00730.0050.00070.00070.000162.88130.29280.60760.58510.47240.16660.16230.043432.820.35410.06130.94560.79230