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关于英语国家概况ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第2页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天
Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第3页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第4页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第5页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第6页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.
第7页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天States
original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第8页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第9页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第10页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange(科迪勒拉山系),extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第11页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheGreatCentralPlain(中部大平原)BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第12页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第13页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)第14页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.
第15页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NiagaraFalls第16页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天2.MainGeographicalRegions
NewEnglandRegion(新英格兰地区)TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion(大西洋中部地区)TheSouthRegion(南部地区)TheMidwestRegion(中西部地区)TheWestRegion(西部地区)TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区)第17页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第18页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NewENGLAND
第19页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.¼populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第20页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheSouthRegion
alargesectionofUS,including11states
favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工业的)thesouth:agrarian(农业的,土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第21页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天AmericanSouthernArea第22页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第23页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第24页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第25页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Oregon&California第26页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第27页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Alaska第28页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁,檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第29页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天HawaiiHawaiiDance第30页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第31页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥湾水系).第32页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
(《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》)tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第33页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托马克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington
b.TheHudsonRiver
(哈得孙河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第34页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天ClimateMajority:
temperateSome:
subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第35页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources
amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第36页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天MajorCities
WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第37页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Tips:
NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.
第38页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.NewYork
LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈顿),Brooklyn(布鲁克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士满)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.
第39页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第40页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(纽约证券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第41页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第42页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第43页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第44页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
第45页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第46页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托马克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.
第47页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天WashingtonMonument第48页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第49页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第50页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第51页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天2.2Capitol国会大厦ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第52页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第53页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第54页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第55页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第56页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第57页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天SearsTower(西尔斯大厦)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第58页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第59页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天第60页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%
NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美国人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第61页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第62页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第63页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第64页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第65页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.
第66页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔离法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(补充法案)totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.
第67页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第68页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第69页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天IHaveaDream
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第70页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Hispanics
—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates
PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第71页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)
hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第72页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“littleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第73页,共79页,2024年2月25日,星期天Asianimmigrants—Chinese
Amongt
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