疫情脱欧油价物价上涨英国工薪家庭勉强维持生计

名师精讲外刊疫情、“脱欧”、油价物价上涨……英国1/6工薪家庭勉强维持生计Familiesfacingpoverty:howoneinsixworkinghouseholdsstruggletokeeptheirheadsabovewater名师精讲外刊据英国路透社报道，新冠疫情、“脱欧”、抵押贷款利率上涨、燃料费和物价上涨等因素的合力，将这个全球第五大经济体卷入日益加剧的危机。在2021年的大部分时间里，英国的通胀率快速增长，英国财政研究所的经济学家发出警告：未来五年，英国人的生活水平将停滞不前。具体情况如何呢？让我们一起来看今天的外刊！课前问题1.文中出现了哪些关于“维持生计”的表达？2.英文中表示“骤增”和“暴跌”的表达有哪些？导读名师精讲外刊Familiesfacingpoverty:howoneinsixworkinghouseholdsstruggletokeeptheirheadsabovewater【基础解析】keepone'shead(s)abovewater勉强逃脱困境；设法不举债；挣扎求存【释】todealwithadifficultsituation,especiallyoneinwhichyouhavefinancialproblems,andjustmanagetosurvive【例】Thebusinessisintrouble,butwearejustaboutkeepingourheadsabovewater.公司遇到了麻烦，但我们只能勉强维持生计。名师精讲外刊Asworkdriedupandoutgoingssoared,thepandemicbroughttolighttherealityoffamilieslivingahand-to-mouthexistenceintheUK.【基础解析】outgoingsn.开支；经常性费用【释】theamountofmoneythatapersonorabusinesshastospendregularly,forexampleeverymonth【例1】low/highoutgoings开支低/高【例2】incomingsandoutgoings收入与支出【近义词】expenditure名师精讲外刊Asworkdriedupandoutgoingssoared,thepandemicbroughttolighttherealityoffamilieslivingahand-to-mouthexistenceintheUK.【基础解析】soarv.（数量/价格等）猛增，骤升【释】toincreasequicklytoahighlevel【例1】Thepriceofpetrolhassoaredinrecentweeks.最近几个星期汽油价格猛涨。【例2】soaringunemployment急剧上升的失业率【近义词】jump,leap,bulge,shootup,surge,rocket,skyrocket,explode,balloon【反义词】plummet,slump,plunge,nosedive,tumble名师精讲外刊Asworkdriedupandoutgoingssoared,thepandemicbroughttolighttherealityoffamilieslivingahand-to-mouthexistenceintheUK.【基础解析】hand-to-mouthadj.勉强糊口的【释】Ahand-to-mouthexistenceisawayoflifeinwhichyouhavehardlyenoughfoodormoneytoliveon.【例】Unlovedanduncared-for,theyliveameaninglesshand-to-mouthexistence.没人疼爱也没人照顾，他们过着一种毫无意义、勉强糊口的日子。精讲试听结束March2020changedmanylives.LockdownmeasuresbroughtinasaresponsetotheCovidpandemicupendedday-to-daypatternsandchangedperspectives.Forsome,familyhomesandsharedflatsbecamecongestedworkingandschoolingspaces;andthoselivingalonefoundthemselvesisolatedfromsocialcontact.【基础解析】upendv.翻倒；倒放；使颠倒【释】toturnsb/sthupsidedown【例】Thebicyclelayupendedinaditch.自行车翻倒在一条小水沟里。精讲试听结束March2020changedmanylives.LockdownmeasuresbroughtinasaresponsetotheCovidpandemicupendedday-to-daypatternsandchangedperspectives.Forsome,familyhomesandsharedflatsbecamecongestedworkingandschoolingspaces;andthoselivingalonefoundthemselvesisolatedfromsocialcontact.【基础解析】perspectiven.1)态度；观点；思考方法【近义词】viewpoint【用法1】fromahistorical/feminist/Christian/global...perspective【用法2】fromsb'sperspective/fromtheperspectiveofsb【用法3】perspectiveonsth2)客观判断力；权衡轻重的能力【用法1】loseperspective失去判断能力【用法2】putsthintoperspective正确看待某事【用法3】get/keepsthinperspective正确判断某事物的重要性【用法4】getoutofperspective轻重倒置/不正确或不客观地判断某物精讲试听结束March2020changedmanylives.LockdownmeasuresbroughtinasaresponsetotheCovidpandemicupendedday-to-daypatternsandchangedperspectives.Forsome,familyhomesandsharedflatsbecamecongestedworkingandschoolingspaces;andthoselivingalonefoundthemselvesisolatedfromsocialcontact.【基础解析】congestedadj.拥挤的；挤满的；（交通）堵塞的【释】crowded;fulloftraffic【例1】congestedcitystreets交通拥塞的城市街道【例2】heavilycongestedairports十分拥挤的机场ButformanyoftheoneinsixworkinghouseholdsestimatedbytheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchtobestrugglingtostayafloatfinancially,thesituationbecamedesperate."InApril,afterthepandemicandlockdownkickedin,wesawan89%increaseinthenumberofpeoplecomingtofoodbanks,"saysEmmaRevie,chiefexecutiveoftheTrussellTrust."Whatthatshoweduswasthefragilityofthosepeoplewhowerejustaboutmakingendsmeet."【基础解析】afloatadj.（人、企业和国家）有偿债能力的；能维持下去的【释】(ofabusiness,etc.)havingenoughmoneytopaydebts;abletosurvive【例】Theywillhavetoborrow￡10millionnextyear,justtostayafloat.明年他们得举债1000万英镑才能维持下去。ButformanyoftheoneinsixworkinghouseholdsestimatedbytheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchtobestrugglingtostayafloatfinancially,thesituationbecamedesperate."InApril,afterthepandemicandlockdownkickedin,wesawan89%increaseinthenumberofpeoplecomingtofoodbanks,"saysEmmaRevie,chiefexecutiveoftheTrussellTrust."Whatthatshoweduswasthefragilityofthosepeoplewhowerejustaboutmakingendsmeet."【基础解析】desperateadj.（情况）极严重的；极危险的；很危急的【释】(ofasituation)extremelyseriousordangerous【例】Theyfaceadesperateshortageofcleanwater.他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。ButformanyoftheoneinsixworkinghouseholdsestimatedbytheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchtobestrugglingtostayafloatfinancially,thesituationbecamedesperate."InApril,afterthepandemicandlockdownkickedin,wesawan89%increaseinthenumberofpeoplecomingtofoodbanks,"saysEmmaRevie,chiefexecutiveoftheTrussellTrust."Whatthatshoweduswasthefragilityofthosepeoplewhowerejustaboutmakingendsmeet."【基础解析】kickin开始生效（或见效）【释】tobegintotakeeffect【例】Reformswillkickinlaterthisyear.改革将于今年下半年开始见效。ButformanyoftheoneinsixworkinghouseholdsestimatedbytheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchtobestrugglingtostayafloatfinancially,thesituationbecamedesperate."InApril,afterthepandemicandlockdownkickedin,wesawan89%increaseinthenumberofpeoplecomingtofoodbanks,"saysEmmaRevie,chiefexecutiveoftheTrussellTrust."Whatthatshoweduswasthefragilityofthosepeoplewhowerejustaboutmakingendsmeet."【基础解析】fragileadj.1)脆弱的【释】Ifyoudescribeasituationasfragile,youmeanthatitisweakoruncertain,andunlikelytobeabletoresiststrongpressureorattack.【例】ThefragileeconomiesofseveralsouthernAfricannationscouldbeirreparablydamaged.几个南部非洲国家脆弱的经济可能会无可挽救地被摧垮。2)易碎的【释】Somethingthatisfragileiseasilybrokenordamaged.【例】Heleanedbackinhisfragilechair.他向后靠在他那把不结实的椅子上。ButformanyoftheoneinsixworkinghouseholdsestimatedbytheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchtobestrugglingtostayafloatfinancially,thesituationbecamedesperate."InApril,afterthepandemicandlockdownkickedin,wesawan89%increaseinthenumberofpeoplecomingtofoodbanks,"saysEmmaRevie,chiefexecutiveoftheTrussellTrust."Whatthatshoweduswasthefragilityofthosepeoplewhowerejustaboutmakingendsmeet."【基础解析】makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵【释】tohaveonlyjustenoughmoneytobuythethingsyouneed【例】Manyfamiliesstruggletomakeendsmeet.许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。Familiesonthebrinkofdestitutionareparticularlysusceptibletotheslightestchangeincircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol,whetherthat'stheincreaseinhomeheatingcosts,acutintheirworkinghours,orpetrolanddieselhikes.【基础解析】destituteadj.一无所有的，贫困的【释】havingnomoney,nofood,nohomeetc.【例】Thefloodsleftmanypeopledestitute.这场洪水使许多人变得一无所有。Familiesonthebrinkofdestitutionareparticularlysusceptibletotheslightestchangeincircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol,whetherthat'stheincreaseinhomeheatingcosts,acutintheirworkinghours,orpetrolanddieselhikes.【基础解析】susceptibleadj.1)〔人〕易受影响的【释】asusceptiblepersoniseasilyinfluencedorattractedbysomeoneorsomething【例】Shewasverysusceptibletoflattery.她很爱听恭维话。【近义词】impressionable2)易得病的；易受影响的【释】likelytosufferfromaparticularillnessorbeaffectedbyaparticularproblem【例】Olderpeoplearemoresusceptibletoinfections.年长者更易受感染。Familiesonthebrinkofdestitutionareparticularlysusceptibletotheslightestchangeincircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol,whetherthat'stheincreaseinhomeheatingcosts,acutintheirworkinghours,orpetrolanddieselhikes.【基础解析】heatingn.供暖；供暖系统；暖气设备【释】theprocessofsupplyingheattoaroomorbuilding;asystemusedtodothis【例1】Whoturnedtheheatingoff?谁把暖气关掉了？【例2】heatingbills暖气账单Familiesonthebrinkofdestitutionareparticularlysusceptibletotheslightestchangeincircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol,whetherthat'stheincreaseinhomeheatingcosts,acutintheirworkinghours,orpetrolanddieselhikes.【基础解析】hiken.（价格、花费等的）大幅度提高，猛增【释】alargeorsuddenincreaseinprices,costs,etc.【例】atax/pricehike税额/价格的大幅度增长ThesuddenriseintheuseofTrussellTrustfoodbanksinApril2020,severethoughitwas,beliesthetrueextentoftheproblem."Weknowthatmanymoreindependentemergencyfoodaidproviderssawasimilarrise,anddifferentorganisationsstartedprovidingfoodaspartoftheircoreservicesduringthepandemic,"saysRevie."Ourfigureisjustthetipoftheiceberg."【基础解析】believ.掩饰；遮掩；使……给人以假象【释】togiveafalseimpressionofsb/sth【例】Herenergyandyouthfulgoodlooksbelieher65years.她的活力与年轻美貌使人看不出她有65岁了。ThesuddenriseintheuseofTrussellTrustfoodbanksinApril2020,severethoughitwas,beliesthetrueextentoftheproblem."Weknowthatmanymoreindependentemergencyfoodaidproviderssawasimilarrise,anddifferentorganisationsstartedprovidingfoodaspartoftheircoreservicesduringthepandemic,"saysRevie."Ourfigureisjustthetipoftheiceberg."【基础解析】thetipoftheiceberg（问题的）冰山一角【释】onlyasmallpartofamuchlargerproblem【例】Unlesswe'reallalotmorecareful,thepeoplewhohavediedsofarwillbejustthetipoftheiceberg.除非我们大家都更加小心，否则迄今为止已经死去的人数将只是冰山一角。Mostpeoplecomingtoafoodbankforthefirsttimeareinasimilarstateofmind,shesays:"Afewareangry,butmostarejustsortofreallysadandworried.Andwehavepeoplebreakingdownintearswhentheyseetheamountoffoodthatthey'regiven."【基础解析】breakdown失控痛哭【释】Ifsomeonebreaksdown,theylosecontrolofthemselvesandstartcrying.【例】Becausehewasbeingsokindandconcerned,Ibrokedownandcried.因为他那时对我那般友善关心，我失控哭了起来。ForChristmas,they'rehopingtoprovidesomethingmorethanthebasicessentials."We'vebeenworkingwithoneofthelocalbookstoresdoinganappealforbooks,soparentshavesomethingtogivetheirfamiliesatChristmas."【基础解析】essentialn.必不可少的东西；必需品【释】[usuallypl.]somethingthatisneededinaparticularsituationorinordertodoaparticularthing【例】Thestudiohadalltheessentialslikeheatingandrunningwater.工作室里备有基本设施，如暖气装置和自来水。ForChristmas,they'rehopingtoprovidesomethingmorethanthebasicessentials."We'vebeenworkingwithoneofthelocalbookstoresdoinganappealforbooks,soparentshavesomethingtogivetheirfamiliesatChristmas."【基础解析】appealn.1)呼吁；恳求【例】anappealtothearmytonotusetoomuchforce呼吁军队不要滥用武力2)募捐呼吁【例】Theappealhasnearlyreacheditstargetof£100,000.这次募捐呼吁差不多达到了十万英镑的目标。3)上诉；申诉【例】Thesentencewasreducedtothreeyearsonappeal.通过上诉，刑期减为三年。4)感染力，吸引力【例】Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences.这部电影备受年轻观众喜爱。InacitylikeCambridge,whereSanersays"verywell-offpeoplelivealongsidepeoplewhoarereallystruggling",donations,atleast,seemtocomethickandfast."We'vehadseveralpeoplegiveuswholetrolleyloadsoffood-theyjusttakeasmallbagoutforthemselvesandsay:'Therestisforyou'."【基础解析】well-offadj.富裕的【释】someonewhoiswell-offisrichenoughtobeabletodoandbuymostofthethingsthattheywant【例】Mygrandparentswerequitewell-off.那时我的祖父母生活很富裕。【近义词】affluent,prosperous,loaded,well-to-do,well-heeledInacitylikeCambridge,whereSanersays"verywell-offpeoplelivealongsidepeoplewhoarereallystruggling",donations,atleast,seemtocomethickandfast."We've