中考英语一轮复习语法题型满分练习专题23 阅读理解 议论文（含解析）

专题二十三阅读理解类型四议论文人与自我－生活与学习Passage1(2022湖北随州)Doyouhaveanyonlineclasses?Itispossibletotakeclassesathome.Allyouneedisacomputerandaheadset.However,moststudentsdon'tseemtolikeonlineclasses.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,only33percentofthestudentswouldtakesuchclasses.Over1,500studentsfrom10citiestookpartinthesurvey.Manystudentssaiditwashardtofocusonstudyingwhiletakingonlineclasses.ThiswastrueforLianRuohan,15,atTheAffiliatedHighSchoolofPekingUniversity.“Therearenoclassmatesandnorealteacherswatchingme.IcansurftheInternetordootherthingsifIwantto.It'shardertoalwaysstayfocused,”shesaid.Lianpreparesalotbeforetakingherclassestomakesureshewillkeepherattention.Shealsopushesherselftocommunicatewithteachers.Studentscancomeupwithoranswerquestionswhiletakingonlineclasses.WenJiayi,14,atYucaiMiddleSchoolAttachedtoChengduNo.7HighSchool,thinksonlineinteraction(互动)isn'tenough.“Theonlineteachersdon'treallygettoknowme.WhenIdon'thandinhomework,allIgetisashortmessageinsteadofrealconcern(关心),”shesaid.However,onlineclassesstillhaveadvantages.“Itsavestimeandmoneycomparedwithtakingofflineclasses.Also,ifIdon'tunderstandsomepartsofalesson,Icanwatchitoveragain,”Liansaid.1.Manystudentsthink________.A.itisimpossibletotakeonlineclassesathomeB.it'shardtofocusonstudyingwhiletakingonlineclassesC.theyhavetopreparealotbeforetakingonlineclassesD.theycan'tcommunicatewiththeteachersonline2.Theunderlinedword“offline"means“________”inChinese.A.函授的B.网络的C.线下的D.媒体的3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Lianthinksiteasytoalwaysstayfocused.B.WenisastudentfromahighschoolinBeijing.C.Lianthinksthatonlineinteractionisn'tenough.D.Lianpushesherselftocommunicatewithteachersinonlineclasses.4.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whatthestudentsthinkofonlineclassesB.howthestudentstakeonlineclassesathomeC.wherethestudentstakeonlineclassesD.whythestudentsliketakingonlineclasses答案:语篇解读本文是关于线上课程的一项调查,主要介绍两个学生的不同看法.子主题为“积极的学习体验,恰当的学习方法与策略,勤学善思”.1.B细节理解题.根据第三段中“Manystudentssaiditwashardtofocusonstudyingwhiletakingonlineclasses.”可知,许多学生表示,在线上课很难集中精力学习.2.C词义猜测题.分析最后一段可知,将online和offline作了比较,“online”意为“线上的”,所以offline的意思是“线下的”.3.D细节理解题.根据第四段中“Shealsopushesherselftocommunicatewithteachers.”可知,连若涵在上网课时,督促自己与老师交流.4.A主旨大意题.本文主要是关于线上课程的调查,主要介绍两个学生的不同看法.Passage2(2022北京)APathway(路径)toMeaninginLifeWhenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglong-termgoals,believingthatone'slifematters,andfeelingthatone'slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣赏)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife'sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(评估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife'sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife"and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife"anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假设)true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.1.YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen________.A.youmadeatravelplanforthecomingholidayB.youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestoreC.youpracticedhardtobecomethebestviolinistD.youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside2.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?A.Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.B.Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.C.Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.D.Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Itiseasierforresults-drivenpeopletoachievesuccess.B.Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.C.Afast-pacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.D.Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.4.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.答案:语篇解读本文主要介绍“体验生活之美”和“过有意义的人生”两者关系的科学研究.子主题为“丰富、充实、积极向上的生活”.1.D词义理解题.根据第三段中“EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife'sbeauty.”可知,EA是指人能感觉到事件间的联系,并能够在这种联系中欣赏其价值.它展示了对生活之美的发现和赞赏.根据EA的定义可以推论出D项(你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰)符合EA状态.2.B推理判断题.根据第七段中“Forexample,wefound...highEAinthosemoments.”可知,回顾过去有意义的事可提升EA,排除A项;根据第六段中“suchasIappreciatethebeautyoflife'...theirlifewasvaluable”可推测,享受小事影响我们的生活态度,B项正确;根据第五段中“Wefoundthatpeople...ashighlymeaningful.”可知,通过欣赏生活中美好的东西来管理压力的人觉得体验生活有意义,但不是关键,排除C项;根据第三段中“Whenpeopleare...theyseetheirownlife.”可知,对美的判断力可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法,不能改变与他人的联系,排除D项.3.B段落大意题.根据最后一段中“Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.”可知,这种对未来结果的关注使人们很容易错过目前正在发生的事情.B项(我们经常对现在的时刻视而不见)最符合本段主题.4.C写作目的题.文章阐释了一条实现有意义的生活的新路径,那就是发现并欣赏生活的美.因此可以推断作者的写作目的是为有意义的生活引入新因素.Passage3(2022湖南湘潭)Recently,astudy(研究),publishedinBMCMedicine,foundthatsittinginfrontoftheTVforalongtimewasariskforpeople'shealth.Afterscientistsuseddata(数据)on370,000people,covering12years,theyfoundabout9,000developedheartdisease.Theyfoundpeoplewithgenes(基因)ofheartproblemsweremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.However,theyfoundthatpeoplewithoutsuchgeneswatchingmorethanfourhoursofTVeverydaywerealsoatthegreatestriskofheartdisease.Peoplespending2to3hoursadaywatchingTVhada6%lowerrisk.Andthosewhowatchedlessthananhourhada16%lowerrisk.ThescientistsoftheresearchteamfinallyfoundcuttingTVwatchingtimetolessthananhouradaycouldprevent10%ofheartdisease.Inlife,peoplewhowant“onemoreepisode(剧集)”mightbethegroupatahigherrisk,fortheyareeasytospendmoretimewatchingTV.IftheyhavemoresnackswhilewatchingTV,itmightaddtheriskofputtingtheirheartsindanger.So,ifpeoplewanttowatchTVlonger,standingupandmovingthebody,orhangingoutwillwork.ButlimitingtheirtimeonTVcouldbeamoreusefulwaytohelpthemavoidpossibleheartproblemsinthefuture.1.Accordingtothetext,howlongdidtheresearchcover?A.10years.B.12years.C.14years.2.Fromparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisright?A.PeoplewatchingonehourofTVareatthegreatestrisk.B.ThelesstimepeoplespendonTV,thelowertheriskis.C.WatchingTVistheonlyreasontodevelopheartdisease.3.Whichbestexplains“limiting”underlinedinparagraph3?A.限制B.记录C.花费4.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Atourguide.B.Astorybook.C.Anewspaper.5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.We'dbetternotwatchTVmorethanonehouraday.B.Hangingoutafterdinnerisgoodforourhearthealth.C.HavingsnackswhilewatchingTVaddsrisksforheart.答案:语篇解读本文阐述了久坐看电视对人体健康的危害及减少看电视的时间危害风险会降低这一观点.子主题为“身心健康,抗挫能力,珍爱生命的意识”.1.B细节理解题.根据第二段第一句中的“covering12years”可知选B.2.B推理判断题.根据第二段中的“Peoplespending2to3hoursadaywatchingTVhada6%lowerrisk.Andthosewhowatchedlessthananhourhada16%lowerrisk.”可推知看电视时间越少,(患心脏病的)风险越小.3.A词义猜测题.根据上下文可推知画线词所在句意为“但是限制他们花在电视上的时间会是一种帮助他们避免将来可能出现的心脏疾患的更有用的方法”.“限制”符合语境.4.C文章出处题.本文的主要内容为阐述久坐看电视对人身体健康的危害,在报纸上被读到的可能性最大.5.A主旨大意题.本文主要阐述了久坐看电视对人身体健康的危害及减少看电视的时间危害风险会降低的观点.人与自我－做人与做事Passage4(2022浙江绍兴)“IwishIhadstraighthair”;“I'dliketobetaller”.Attimes,weallwanttolookabitmorelikesomeoneelse.However,thepicturesweseeonTVandsocialmediacangiveusimproperideasabouthowourbodies“should”look.Thetruthisthateverybodyisdifferent-andthat'sagoodthing.Acceptingandfeelinggoodaboutourbodiesisreallyimportantforourself-confidence(自信).Bodyconfidenceiswhensomeoneacceptsandbehaveskindlytowardstheirbody.Thatincludesoursizeandshape,skincolor,appearanceandanyphysicaldisabilities.JadeParnellfromtheCentreforAppearanceResearch(CAR),saysthathavingbodyconfidenceis“aboutbeingacceptingofyourbodyandwhatitdoesforyou”.Ifyoufeelpositively(积极地)aboutyourbody,youaremorelikelytotakecareofit.Researchhasevenshownthatyouaremorelikelytotakepartinactivitiesandperformwellinschool.However,feelingagitatedaboutyourbodycouldmakeyoustepback,dolesswellatschoolandevenfeeldown.Parnellsaysthatthecostoftryingtoachievethe"perfect"appearanceishigh.Shesays,“Ifyou'respendingalotoftimetryingtolookacertainway,youwillhavelesstimetospendwithfriendsandtomakeimportantmemories.”It'simportanttorememberthateverybodyisdifferent.Todevelopapositivebodyimage,Parnellsays,“Trytotalkpositivelyaboutyourownbodyandotherpeople'sbodies.Trynottopaytoomuchattentiontoappearance.Instead,thinkaboutwhatyourbodydoesforyou;doyourlegsmakeyourunreallyfast?”Shealsosuggeststreatingyourbodywellbyeatingdifferentkindsoffoods,exercisingtofeelgoodandtohavefun,andgettingplentyofsleep.Rememberthatyouaremorethanhowyoulook.1.ThewriterthinksthatthepicturesonTVandsocialmedia________.A.areperfectforpeopletofollowB.mayspreadwrongideasoflooksC.implyeveryoneisdifferentD.showpeoplehowtobehavekindly2.Theunderlinedword“agitated"probablymeans“________”.A.scaredB.seriousC.carelessD.worried3.Parnellwillagreethatyoushould________.A.acceptyourbodyasitisB.avoidtalkingaboutothers'bodiesC.spendmoremoneyonyourappearanceD.rememberwhatyouusedtobelike4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toencouragereaderstotakemoreexercise.B.Toremindreadersnottoeattoomuchfood.C.Toleadreaderstobuildupbodyconfidence.D.Toadvisereaderstotreattheirfriendswell.答案:语篇解读文章主要论述了我们要积极地看待自己的身体,要有自信.子主题为“自我认识,自我管理,自我提升”.1.B细节理解题.根据第一段中的“However,thepicturesweseeonTVandsocialmediacangiveusimproperideasabouthowourbodies'should'look.”可知,我们在电视和社交媒体上看到的图片可能会给我们传递错误的外貌观念.2.D词义猜测题.根据第三段中的“feelingagitatedaboutyourbodycouldmakeyoustepback,dolesswellatschoolandevenfeeldown”可知,你会退步,在学校里表现不佳,甚至感到沮丧,应是因为你担心你的身体,故此处画线部分意为“担心”.3.A细节理解题.根据第二段中的“JadeParnell...saysthathavingbodyconfidenceis'aboutbeingacceptingofyourbodyandwhatitdoesforyou'.”可知,Parnell认为要接受自己的身体原本的样子.4.C写作目的题.本文主要介绍了我们要积极地看待自己的身体,要有身体自信.人与社会－社会服务与人际沟通Passage5(2022湖北十堰)Thereisnodoubtthattechnologyhashadabiginfluenceonourlives.PeoplefromallaroundtheworldcannowtalktoeachotheralmostatonceonmobilephonesandtheInternet.Peoplecaneasilysolvetheirproblemswiththehelpofcomputersandtheworldwideweb.Withthistechnology,itseemsthattheworldismoreconnectednowthaneverbefore.Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.Sodoesthismeanthattechnologymakesuslonely?Inmyopinion,itishardtosayYesorNo.It'struethathumansneedcommunicationwitheachother.Ifwedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental(心理的)health.Forme,technologyisatool.Andjustlikeanyotherkindoftool-likescissors,apenciloraruler,forexample,itdependsonhowweuseit:inarightwayorinarightplace.Takesocialmedia(社交媒体)asanexample.Ifyouonlyuseittocompareyourselfwithothers,youmightfeelsadandlonely.Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyortostartanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.Whenyoufeellonelyafterstaringatyourcomputerscreenallday,maybeyoucanusethattechnologytoreachouttoareliable(可靠的)friendandinvitehimorheroutforlunchoracoffee.1.Accordingtothewriter,technologyis________.A.atoolB.aninfluenceC.apairofscissorsD.awayofcommunication2.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"impact"inParagraph4?A.帮助B.促进C.影响D.进入3.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeopleusetechnologytoomuch,peoplemay________.A.sleeplessB.livelongerC.feellonelyD.getmorejobs4.Whenweusetechnologyto________others,wecanfindloveandfriendship.A.arguewithB.competewithC.connectwithD.comparewith5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Socialmediaisimportanttous.B.Technologycanbegoodandbadtous.C.Peopleneedtocommunicatewitheachother.D.ComputersandtheInternethelpuswithourwork.答案:语篇解读本文介绍科技对我们的生活产生了很大的影响,在带来便利的同时,使人们之间的交流变少了.作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去.子主题为“良好的人际关系与人际交往”.1.A细节理解题.根据第四段中“Forme,technologyisatool.”可知选A.2.C词义猜测题.分析“Ifwedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmentalhealth.”可知,如果我们过于依赖科技来交流,这会严重影响我们的心理健康.此处impact的意思是“影响”.3.C细节理解题.根据第一段中“Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonely”可知,有人担心科技会让人们感到孤独.4.C细节理解题.根据第四段中“Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamily...thelonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.”可知,如果你把科技作为与朋友和家人联系的工具,孤独就会变成爱和友谊.5.B主旨大意题.本文主要介绍科技对我们的生活产生了很大的影响,在为我们带来便利的同时,也带来了问题.人与自然－自然生态Passage6(2022四川乐山)Doyouthinkonlyhumansarecrazyaboutelectronicproducts?Youarewrong.12zoosintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavecarriedout(实施)aprogrammecalledAppsforApes(大猩猩).IthasfoundthattheapesarealsointerestedinplayingiPads.“Wefindthat,similartopeople,theapesliketouchingthescreenandwatchingshortvideos,”saidRichardZimmerman,amanageroftheprogramme.TheapesinthesezooscanplayiPadstwiceaweek.Everytime,theyspendfrom15minutestohalfanhourusingdifferentappsiniPads.Theyaremostinterestedinappsforchildren,suchasdrawing,musicandmemorygames.Zimmermansaid,“It'slikewhenwe'reshowingpop-upbooks(立体书