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文档简介
www.MedChemE
MedChemExpress
Immunology
ProductHandbook
EarlyNeoplasia
EarlyInfection
PMN
Macrophage
Macrophage
PMN
Th1cell
Tumorcells
Th1cell
Parenchymalcells
Parenchymalcells
MatureTumor
ProtractedInfection
PD-L1
PD-L1
PD-1
PD-1
Macrophage
Exhausted
Exhausted
Th2cell
Th1cell
Th1cell
Reactivenitrogen
PD-L1
PD-L1
species
Interleukin-10
Th2cell
PD-L1
PD-L1
Myeloid-derived
Myeloid-derived
suppressorcells
suppressorcells
Interleukin-10
Reactivenitrogen
Interleukin-10
species
T-regulatory
T-regulatory
TGF-β
cell
Interleukin-10
Apoptotic
Apoptotic
cell
PMN
PMN
Th1cell
PD-L1
PD-L1
Exhausted
Macrophage
TGF-β
PD-L1
Th1cell
Tumorcells
PD-1
PD-L1
Exhausted
Th1cell
PD-L1
PD-L1
Reference:
RichardS.Hotchkiss,M.D.,
andLyleL.Moldawer,Ph.D.
ParallelsbetweenCancer
andInfectiousDisease.
causinghumancoronavirus[3]
Figure1.Structureofrespiratorysyndrome
Lipidbilayer
Membraneglycoprotein(M)
Spikeprotein(S)
RNA
Envelopeglycoprotein(E)
Nucleocapsidprotein
MCE
MasterofBioactiveMolecules
Immunology
Theimmunesystemisanetworkconsistsofmultiplecells,tissues,andorgansthatworktogethertoprotectanorganismfromdiseases.Immunesystemrecognizesselfandnon-self,andrespondstoawidevarietyofpathogen,fromviruses,bacteria,fungi,parasitestocancercells.
Humanhavetwomajorsubsystemofimmunesystem:theinnateimmunesystemandtheadaptiveimmunesystem.Theinnateimmunesystem,thesystemwebornwith,provideapreconfiguredresponsetobroadgroupsofstimuli,andcanrespondquicklyduringearlyonsetofinfection.Theadaptiveimmunesystemonlydevelopedwhenourbodyisexposedtothepathogen,andcanactwithgreatspecificity.
Inabalancedimmunesystem,immunecellsdistinguish“non-self”from“self”,innateimmunityandadaptiveimmunitycollaboratesefficientlytowipeoutinvaders.Whiledisorderedimmunesystemareleadingcausesofmultiplemajordiseases:inactivatedimmunesysteminduceinfectiousdiseasesandcancer,whileoveractiveimmuneresponseledtoautoimmunediseaseslikelupuserythematosus,rheumatoidarthritis.
Inthisbrochure,briefintroductionswillbegiventoSARS-CoV,cancerimmunotherapy,innateimmunity,inflamma-tionandanti-infection.
Contents
SARS-CoV&AntiviralImmunity
2
Immunity&Inflammation
8
CancerImmunotherapy
6
Anti-infection
10
SARS-CoV&AntiviralImmunity
Coronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)isaninfectiousdiseasewithmajorsymptomsoffeverandpneumonia.COVID-19iscausedbySARScoronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2),whichbelongstocoronavirus(CoV).CoVhavefourmainstructuralproteins:spike(S),membrane(M),envelope(E),andnucleocapsid(N)proteins[1].
AfterprimedbyaproteasecalledTMPRSS2(transmembraneprotease,serine2),theSproteinmediatestheCoVentryintohostcellsbyattachingtoa
cellularreceptornamedACE2,followedbyfusionbetweenvirusandhostcellmembranes[2].GenomereplicationandsubgenomicRNAtranscriptionafterentrycarryonwiththeparticipationofmanynonstructuralproteinssuchasMpro(mainproteaseor3CLpro),PLpro(papain-likeprotease)andRdRp(RNA-dependentRNApolymerase).Thenthestructuralproteinsaretranslated,assembledintomaturevirions,andreleasedviavesiclesbyexocytosis.What’sworthmentioning,thevastreleaseof
cytokines(suchasIL-1β,GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-10)bytheimmunesysteminresponsetosevereinfectionofSARS-CoV-2calledcytokinestormcontributeslargelytothemortalityofCOVID-19.
2
www.MedChemE
Inhibitors • ScreeningLibraries • Proteins
MCEprovide100+smallmoleculeswithpotentialtocureCOVID-19,includingantiviralcompoundstargetingTMPRSS2,Mpro,PLproetc.,anti-inflammatorydrugslikeDexamethasoneandvariousofimmuneregualtors.
Attachment
SARS-CoV-2
andentry
Viralrelease
ACE2
ACE2
receptor
Fusion
Exocytosis
Uncoating
Vesicle
GenomicRNA(positive)
TranslationofORF1a/ORF1b
5’
3’
Golgi
Replication/Translation
3’
5’(Negative)
ERGIC
Replicase
5’
S
5’
3
Assemblyand
5’
E
budding
mRNAs
5’
M
Translation
5’
6
5’
7a/7b
5’
8
5’
N
/9b
RoughER
5’
3’(Positive)
Spikesprotein
Envelopeprotein
Membraneprotein
Nucleocapsid
Figure2.ThelifecycleofSARS-CoV-2inhostcells[3]
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-14648
Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoidreceptoragonist,highlyeffectiveinthecontrolof
severeCOVID-19.
HY-15287
Nelfinavir
PotentandorallybioavailableHIV-1proteaseinhibitor,alsoinhibits
SARS-CoV.
HY-18649A
Galidesivir
Adenosineanalog,activeinvitroagainstMERS-CoV,SARS-CoV,and
SARS-CoV-2.
HY-117043
GRL0617
InhibitorofSARS-CoVpapain-likeprotease/deubiquitinase.
HY-B1123
Auranofin
Thioredoxinreductase(TrxR)inhibitor,exhibitsantiviralactivity
againstSARS-CoV.
HY-90001
Ritonavir
InhibitorofHIVprotease,usedtotreatAIDS.
HY-14588
Lopinavir
PeptidomimeticinhibitoroftheHIV-1protease.
HY-17589A
Chloroquine
Antimalarialandanti-inflammatoryagentwidelyused,showsin
vitroactivityforSARS-CoV-2infection.
3
MCE
MasterofBioactiveMolecules
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-B1370
Hydroxychloroquine
Syntheticantimalarialagent,efficientlyinhibitsSARS-CoV-2
infectioninvitro.
HY-13004
Maraviroc
SelectiveCCR5antagonistwithactivityagainsthumanHIV.
HY-50101
Mavorixafor
CXCR4antagonist,inhibitsthereplicationofT-tropicHIV-1.
HY-125033
EIDD-1931
Nucleosideanalogandbehavesasapotentanti-virusagent.
HY-12559
Alisporivir
Cyclophilininhibitorwithpotentanti-hepatitisCvirusactivity.
HY-P2036A
FSL-1TFA
Bacterial-derivedTLR2/6agonist,enhancesresistanceto
experimentalHSV-2infection.
HY-B0240
Disulfiram
ALDH1inhibitor,inhibitPlprosofMERS-CoVandSARS-CoV.
HY-13986
Merimepodib
IMPDHinhibitorwithbroadspectrumantiviralactivities.
HY-14768
Favipiravir
PotentviralRNApolymeraseinhibitor.
HY-30234A
Clemizolehydrochloride
H1histaminereceptorantagonist,showsantiviralactivity
againstHCV.
HY-13512
Camostatmesylate
Serineproteaseinhibitorforchronicpancreatitis,showsantiviral
activityagainstSARS-CoV-2.
HY-13750
Ebselen
Potentvoltage-dependentcalciumchannel(VDCC)blocker,an
inhibitorofHIV-1capsidCTDdimerization.
HY-B0182
Carmofur
Acidceramidaseinhibitor,inhibitstheSARS-CoV-2main
protease(Mpro).
HY-17026
Gemcitabine
Pyrimidinenucleosideanalogantimetaboliteand
antineoplasticagent.
HY-10586
5-Azacytidine
NucleosideanalogueofcytidinethatspecificallyinhibitsDNA
methylation.
HY-13605
Cytarabine
Nucleosideanalog,hasantiviraleffectsagainstHSV.
HY-P9917
Tocilizumab
Anti-humanIL-6Rneutralizingantibody,effectiveforthestudyof
severeCOVID-19.
HY-P0012A
Aviptadilacetate
Vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide,potentiallyusedforSARS-CoV-2
causedrespiratoryfailure.
HY-135867D
NHC-diphosphate
Pyrimidineribonucleoside,behavesasapotentanti-virusagent.
4
www.MedChemE
Inhibitors • ScreeningLibraries • Proteins
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-D1270
DirectViolet1
Textiledye,inhibittheinteractionbetweentheSARS-CoV-2spike
proteinandACE2.
HY-15463
Imatinib
Tyrosinekinasesinhibitor,inhibitsSARS-CoVandMERS-CoV.
HY-13433
Thapsigargin
InhibitorofmicrosomalCa2+-ATPase,efficientlyinhibitscoronavirus
replicationindifferentcelltypes.
HY-100229
Aloxistatin
Broad-spectrumcysteineproteaseinhibitor,exhibitsentry-blocking
effectforMERS-CoV.
HY-B0190A
Nafamostatmesylate
Serineproteaseinhibitor,blocksactivationofSARS-CoV-2.
HY-14904A
Umifenovirhydrochloride
Broad-spectrumantiviralcompound,showsasanefficientinhibitor
ofSARS-CoV-2invitro.
HY-14393
Emodin
Anthraquinonederivative,anti-SARS-CoVcompound.
HY-B0260
Methylprednisolone
Syntheticcorticosteroid,improvessevereorcriticalCOVID-19
byactivatingACE2andreducingIL-6levels.
HY-13765
6-Thioguanine
Anti-leukemiaandimmunosuppressantagent,actsasaninhibitorof
SARSandMERScoronavirusPlpros.
HY-17470
Mizoribine
Imidazolenucleoside,inhibitsHCV,SARS-CoV.
HY-17443
Sivelestat
Neutrophilelastaseinhibitor,potentialusedinCOVID-19.
HY-N0191
Andrographolide
NF-κBinhibitor,showsbroadantiviralactivity.
HY-N0360
DihydrotanshinoneI
Naturalcompoundexhibitsentry-blockingeffectforMERS-CoV.
HY-B0372A
Bromhexinehydrochloride
PotentandspecificTMPRSS2proteaseinhibitor,canpreventand
manageSARS-CoV-2infection.
CompoundScreeningLibrary
Cat.No.:HY-L052
Anti-COVID-19CompoundLibrary
Auniquecollectionof1,500+compoundsthatmayhaveanti-COVID-19activity.
5
MCE
MasterofBioactiveMolecules
CancerImmunotherapy
Immunecheckpointsarekeyimmuneregulatorsinmaintainingimmunehomeostasisandpreventingautoimmuni-ty.Throughre-activatingtheproperfunctionofTcells,Immunecheckpointinhibitorsprovedtobeoneofthemostpromisingtherapeuticmethodsforcancertreatment.Inlightofthis,scientistsaretryingtokillcancersbycancerimmunotherapy,whichistocurecancersbyexploitingourimmunesystem.Severalapproacheshavebeenprovedsuccessfultheseyears,includingimmunecheckpointinhibitors,tumormicroenvironmentmodulators[4].
Thetumormicroenvironment(TME)isthecellularenvironmentinwhichthetumorexists,includingsurroundingbloodvessels,theextracellularmatrix(ECM),othernon-malignantcellsandalsosignalingmolecules.Researchershavediscoveredthatgrowthfactorssecretedbystromalcellsandcancerassociatedfibroblasts(CAFs)cannotonlypromotegrowthandsurvivalofmalignantcellsbutalsofunctionasnegativeregulatorsoftheimmuneresponse[5].MoleculesassociatedwithTMEsuchascytokinereceptors,metabolicenzymesarecriticaltargetsincancerimmunotherapy.ThesetargetsincludeRORγt,Chemokinereceptor(CXCR),Sting,IDO,TLR,etc.
MCEprovideshundredsofproductsregardingcancerimmunotherapy,coveringvarioustargetsincludingPD1/P-DL1CTLA-4,STING,IDO,TLR,etc.
Teffectorcells
ExhaustedTcells
PD-1
CTLA-4
mAbs
Target
mAbs
PD-L1
Effector
CD80/86
cytokines&
APC
cytotoxic
granules
TumorcellsTumorcells
Figure3.ImmunecheckpointblockadeforT-cellactivation[4]
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-12885
ADU-S100
STINGactivator,leadstopotentandsystemictumorregression.
HY-10964
Vadimezan
MurineagonistofSTINGandalsoapotentinduceroftypeIIFNs
andothercytokines.
HY-B0180
Imiquimod
TLR7agonist,exhibitsantiviralandantitumoreffects.
6
www.MedChemE
Inhibitors • ScreeningLibraries • Proteins
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-19776
3α-Aminocholestane
SelectiveSHIP1inhibitor.
HY-120635
BMS-1001
OrallyactivehumanPD-L1/PD-1immunecheckpointinhibitor.
HY-13740
Resiquimod
TLR7/TLR8agonistthatinducestheupregulationofcytokines.
HY-16724
Indoximod
Indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)pathwayinhibitor.
HY-101111
PF-06840003
highlyselectiveorallybioavailableIDO-1inhibitor.
HY-10219
Rapamycin
PotentandspecificmTORinhibitor,autophagyactivatorand
immunosuppressant.
HY-100453
HO-3867
SelectiveandpotentSTAT3inhibitor,showsantitumoractivity.
HY-100461
C29
TLR2inhibitorblockshTLR2/1andhTLR2/6signaling.
HY-100493
BP-1-102
OrallyavailableinhibitoroftranscriptionfactorStat3.
HY-100678
CGS15943
Orallybioavailablenon-xanthineAdenosineReceptorantagonist.
HY-100747
PSB-12379
Nucleotideanalogue,isapotentCD73inhibitor.
HY-108472
Loxoribine
SelectiveTLR7agonistwithanti-viralandanti-tumoractivities.
HY-110120
DSR-6434
SelectiveTLR7agonisthasastrongantitumorability.
HY-110318
VUF11207fumarate
CXCR7agonist,inducesrecruitmentofβ-arrestin2andsubsequent
internalization.
HY-110353
CU-T12-9
SpecificTLR1/2agonist,invokesanelevationofthedownstream
effectorsTNF-α,IL-10,andiNOS.
HY-128588
STAT3-IN-3
STAT3inhibitorwithanti-proliferativeactivity,inducesapoptosisin
breastcancercells.
HY-13245
PF-4136309
Potent,selective,andorallybioavailableCCR2antagonist.
HY-13406
TAK-779
CCR5/CXCR3antagonist,selectivelyinhibitsR5HIV-1.
CompoundScreeningLibraries
Cat.No.:HY-L031
SmallMoleculeImmuno-OncologyCompoundLibrary
Auniquecollectionof200+bioactivetumor
immunologycompounds.
7
MCE
MasterofBioactiveMolecules
Immunity&Inflammation
Humanimmunesystemiscomposedofinnateimmunityandadaptiveimmunity,inwhichinnateimmunityservedasthefirstlineofdefenseagainstnon-selfpathogens.Uponinfectionortissuedamage,patternrecognitionreceptors(PRRs)ofinnateimmunecellsrecognizepathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)ordamage-associatedmolecularpatterns(DAMPs),triggeringtheactivationoftranscriptionfactorsNF-κB,AP1orIRF,whicheventuallyledtothetranscriptionofinterferon,proinflammatorycytokinesandchemokines[6].
Overactiveinnateimmunityiscloselyrelatedtoautoimmunediseases,meanwhileinactivatedinnateimmunityrelatedcloselytocancers.Besides,innateimmuneinhibitorsareoftenusedinorgantransplant.
MCEprovideshundredsofimmunity&inflammationrelatedproducts,coveringhottargetsincludingTLR,NLR,RLR,cGAS/STING,etc.
Tumor
cells
Cat.No.
ProductName
HY-12815A
MCC950sodium
HY-18739
PMA
Innateimmunity
Macrophage
Apoptotic
tumorfragments
Dendriticcell
NKcell
Complement
cascade
Plasmacell
Blymphocyte
Cytotoxic
Tcell
Treg T-helper
cell
Adaptiveimmunity
Figure4.Immunesurveillance[7]
Compounds
Description
Potent,selectiveNLRP3inhibitor.
DualSphKandproteinkinaseCactivator,inducesdifferentiationinTHP-1cells.
HY-127105
Iptacopan(LNP023)
HighlyselectivefactorBinhibitor,targetstheunderlyingcauseof
complement3glomerulopathy.
HY-16561
Resveratrol
Anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,cardioprotective,andanti-cancer
drugs,hasawidespectrumoftargetsincludingmTOR,JAK,
β-amyloid,Adenylylcyclase,IKKβ,DNApolymerase.
HY-15775
Arginaseinhibitor1
PotentinhibitorofhumanarginasesIandII.
8
www.MedChemE
Inhibitors • ScreeningLibraries • Proteins
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-100381
Nigericinsodiumsalt
AntibioticfromStreptomyceshygroscopicusthatworksbyacting
asanH+,K+,andPb2+ionophore,aNLRP3activator.
HY-103666
CY-09
NLRP3inhibitor,directlybindstotheATP-bindingmotifofNLRP3
NACHTdomain.
HY-111149A
PS372424
Threeamino-acidfragmentofCXCL10,atcasaCXCR3agonist
withanti-inflammatoryactivity.
HY-103362
CCR2antagonist4
PotentandspecificCCR2antagonist,potentlyinhibits
MCP-1-inducedchemotaxis.
HY-107575
TLR4-IN-C34
OrallyactiveTLR4inhibitorandreducessystemicinflammationin
modelsofendotoxemiaandnecrotizingenterocolitis.
HY-11109
Resatorvid
TLR4inhibitor,inhibitsNO,TNF-αandIL-6production.
HY-N0283
Diacerein
Interleukin-1betainhibitor,isaslow-actingmedicineoftheclass
anthraquinoneusedtotreatjointdiseases.
HY-114775
RCGD423
Gp130modulator,whichpreventsarticularcartilagedegeneration
andpromotesrepair.
HY-N0722
Neochlorogenicacid
Orallyactivesteroidalanti-inflammatorydrug(SAID),inhibits
proinflammatorycytokineactivity.
HY-15614
SC144
First-in-class,orallyactivegp130inhibitor.
HY-102084
LMT-28
OrallyactiveandthefirstsyntheticIL-6inhibitorthatfunctions
throughdirectbindingtogp130.
CompoundScreeningLibraries
Cat.No.:HY-L007
Immunology/InflammationCompoundLibrary
Auniquecollectionof3,000+compoundswithbiologicalactivityusedforImmunology/Inflammationresearch.
Cat.No.:HY-L008
JAK/STATCompoundLibrary
Auniquecollectionof250+bioactivecompoundsrelatedtoJAK/STATsignaling.
Cat.No.:HY-L014
NF-κBSignalingCompoundLibrary
Auniquecollectionof500+NF-κBsignalingrelatedsmall
moleculecompounds.
9
MCE
MasterofBioactiveMolecules
Anti-infection
Anti-infectivesaredrugsthatcaneitherkillaninfectiousagentorinhibititfromspreading,whichincludingantibiotics,antibacterials,antifungals,antiprotozoals,etc.
Antibioticsspecificallytreatinfectionscausedbybacteria,mostcommonlyusedtypesofantibioticsare:Aminoglycosides,Penicillins,Fluoroquinolones,Cephalosporins,Macrolides,andTetracyclines.Newotherapproachessuchasphotodynamictherapy(PDT)andantibacterialpeptideshavebeenconsideredasalternativestokillbacteria.
Thehighratesofmorbidityandmortalitycausedbyfungalinfectionsareassociatedwiththecurrentlimitedantifungalarsenalandthehightoxicityofthecompounds.ThemostcommonantifungaltargetsincludefungalRNAsynthesisandcellwallandmembranecomponents,thoughnewantifungaltargetsarebeinginvestigated.Antiprotozoaldrugsaremedicinesthattreatinfectionscausedbyprotozoa.Ofwhich,malariaremainsamajorworldhealthproblemfollowingtheemergenceandspreadofPlasmodiumfalciparumthatisresistanttothemajorityofantimalarialdrugs.
Asoneofthebiggestpublichealthchallengesofourtime,antimicrobialresistancebecomeanincreasingconcernthatneedtobesettledurgently.
MCEhereprovide1,000+potentialanti-infectionreagents,inhopingtohelpyoufindantimicrobialsofthenewgeneration.
Funji
Protozoa
Mastcell
Bacteria
CTL
Plasmacell
B
CD8
Macrophage
IFN-γ
EosinophilBasophil
Tfh
Th1
Th2
Helminth
Virus
Bacteria
(extracellular)
NK
DC
T
Teff
Tregs
Th17
NKT
IL-10/TGF-β
IL-17
Neutrophil
Th2
Th1
Epithelium
Positivesignal/induction/secretion
Negativeregulation/inhibition
Figure5.Schematicrepresentationofthehostimmuneresponseagainstmicrobialpathogens[8]
10
www.MedChemE
Inhibitors • ScreeningLibraries • Proteins
Compounds
Cat.No.
ProductName
Description
HY-17006
Caspofungin
CaspofunginAcetate(MK-0991Acetate)isanantifungaldrug,and
noncompetitivelyinhibits1,3-β-Dglucansynthaseactivity.
HY-10844
Pretomanid
Antibioticusedfortheresearchofmulti-drug-resistanttuberculosis
affectingthelungs.
HY-B0879A
Suraminsodiumsalt
CompetitivePTPasesinhibitor,usedasantiparasitic,anti-neoplastic
andanti-angiogenicagent.
HY-10846
Delamanid
Mycobacterialcellwallsynthesisinhibitor,inhibitsthesynthesisiof
mucolicacids.
HY-10373
Trimetrexate(CI-898)
Potentcompetitiveinhibitorofbacterial,protozoan,andmammalian
dihydrofolatereductase.
HY-17586
Dalbavancin
Semisyntheticlipoglycopeptideantibioticwithpotentbactericidal
activityagainstGram-positivebacteria.
HY-10392
Sutezolid
Orallyactiveoxazolidinoneantimicrobialagent,actsbyinhibiting
bacterialproteinsynthesis.
HY-B1743A
Puromycindihydrochloride
Aminonucleosideantibiotic,inhibitsproteinsynthesis.
HY-128423
Tylvalosintartrate
MacrolideantibioticthatcanagainstGram-positivebacteria.
HY-Y0055
Phenothiazine
Antibiotic,hasinsecticidal,fungicidal,andantibacterialactivities.
HY-N0565B
Doxycyclinehyclate
Antibiotic,isanorallyactiveandbroad-spectrumMMPinhibitor.
HY-16592
BrefeldinA
Lactoneantibioticandaspecificinhibitorofproteintrafficking.
HY-108009A
Rezafunginacetate
Next-generation,broad-spectrum,andlong-lastingechinocandin,
showspotentantifungalactivity.
HY-B0856
ValidamycinA
Fungicidal,isanagriculturalantibiotic.
HY-N1347
Robinetin
Naturallyoccurringflavonoidwithantifungal,antiviral,antibacterial,
antimutagenesis,andantioxidantactivity.
HY-B0490
HygromycinB
HygromycinBisanaminoglycosideantibioticactiveagainst
prokaryoticandeukaryoticcells.
HY-15310
Ivermectin
Broad-spectrumanti-parasiteagent,aspecificinhibitorofImpα/β
1-mediatednuclearimport.
HY-B0318
Metronidazo
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