英语句子成分分析(简单)

EnglishSentenceComponentAnalysis(Simple)CATALOGUE目录OverviewofpresencecomponentsSubjectExplanationDetailedExplanationofPredicatesDetailedExplanationofObjectDetailedexplanationofcompletionDetailedExplanationofAttributiveDetailedExplanationofAdvantageals01OverviewofpresencecomponentsSubjectThesubjectofapresenceisthepersonorthingthatperformstheactionorisdescribedbytheverbItanswersthequestion"Who?"or"What?"abouttheverbPredictionThepredictionisthepartofthepresencethatincludestheverbandanywordsthatcompletetheverb'smeaning,suchasobjects,completeness,oradvertisementsItexpressesanaction,state,oroccurrenceSubjectandpredictAnobjectisanounorpronouninasensethatreceivestheactionoftheverbItanswersthequestion"Who?"or"What?"aftertheverbObjectscanbedirectorindirectObjectAcompletionisawordorphrasethatcompletesthemeaningofaverborobjectiveItprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectofthepresenceComplexescanbesubjectcompletionorobjectcompletionComplexObjectandcompletionVSAnattributeisanobjectiveorobjectivephrasethatmodifiesanounorpronoonItprovidesdescriptiveinformationaboutthenounorpronounitmodificationsAdvisoryAnadvisoryisanadvisoryoradvisoryphrasethatmodifiesaadvisory,advisory,orotheradvisoryItprovidesadditionalinformationabouttime,place,Manner,degree,orcirculationAttributeAttributiveandAdverbialAnAppetiteisanounornounphrasethatrenamesoridentifiesanothernounorpronouninasenseItprovidesclarificationoradditionalinformationaboutthenounorpronounitmodificationsParenthesesarepunctationmarksusedtosetoffnonessentialorsupplementarywords,phrases,orclausesinasentenceTheyindicatethattheenclosedmaterialisnotessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceAppetiteParenthesesAppeositivesandparents02SubjectExplanationDefinitionThesubjectisakeypartofasensethatperformstheactionorstateexpressedbytheverbItistypicallyanounorpronounandanswersthequestion"who?"or"what?"abouttheactionorstate要点一要点二FunctionThesubjectservesasthefoundationofapresence,providingcontextandclaritytothereaderaboutwhoorwhatisbeingdiscussedItestablishesarelationshipwiththeverb,whichexpressestheactionorstateofthesubjectTheDefinitionandFunctionofSubjectCommonsubjectformsNamesofspecificpeople,places,organizations,oreventsfunctionaspropertyNounsubjects,e.g.,"John,""London,""TheUnitedNations."""PropertyNounsSinglenounsornounphasescanfunctionassubjects,suchas"dog,""beautifulflower,"or"myfavoritebook."NounsPronounsreplacenounstoavoidrepetitionandadddiversitytoappearancesCommonsubjectproposalsinclude"I,""you,""he,""she,""it,""we,""they,"etcPronounsEllipsisandInversionofSubjectsEllipsis:Inellipsis,certifiedwordsareleftoutofasensebecausetheyareimpliedorunderstoodfromthecontextThisisoftenoccurringwithrepeatedsubjects,wherethesubjectisomittedinsubsequenceclausesforbrevityForexample,inthepresenceof"Johnlikesapples,butMaryprefersoranges,"thesubject"Mary"isunderstoryeventhoughitisnotexplicitlystatedInversion:Subjectverbinversionoccurswhenthenormalwordorderofasenseisreversed,typicallyforstylisticorgraphicalreasonsThisinversioncanhappeninquestions,exceptions,orconditionalsentencesForinstance,inthequestion"Haveyouseenmycat?",thesubject"you"cameaftertheverb"haveseen"beforeitasinadeclarativesentence03DetailedExplanationofPredicatesThedefinitionandfunctionofpredictionsDefinitionThepredicateisthepartofasenseorclausecontainingaverbandstatingsomethingaboutthesubjectFunctionItexpressestheaction,state,oroccurrenceattributedtothesubjectCompletePredicatesIncludetheverbandallitscompletenessandmodifiers,e.g.,"Johnrunsquicklytothestore.""CompoundPredictionsContainmorethanoneverbsharingthesamesubject,e.g.,""Johnrunsandjumps."""SimplePredictionsConsistofasingleverb,e.g.,""Johnruns.""CommonpredictformsTense"PastTense:Describesactionsthathavealreadyhappened,e.g.,""Johnranyesterday."""Johnrunseveryday."TheSenseandVoiceofPredictesTheSenseandVoiceofPredictes03PassiveVoice:Thesubjectreceivedtheaction,e.g.,"ThemarathonwasrunbyJohn."01Voice02"ActiveVoice:Thesubjectperformstheaction,e.g.,"Johnrunsthemarathon."TheSenseandVoiceofPredictes04DetailedExplanationofObjectDefinitionTheobjectisagraphicalcomponentinasensethattypicallyreferstothepersonorthingaffectedbytheactionoftheverbItanswersthequestion"what?"or"who?"inrelationtotheverbFunctionTheobjectcompletestheactionorstateexpressedbytheverb,providingnecessaryinformationabouttherecipient,benefit,ortargetoftheactionTheDefinitionandFunctionofObject010203DirectObjectAnounorpronounthatreceivestheactionofatransitionalverbForexample,in"Johnateanapple,""anapple"isthedirectobjectDirectObjectAnounorpronounthatindicatestherecipientorbenefitofanactionItusuallyfollowsatransitionalverbandprecedesthedirectobjectForexample,in"JohnhaveMaryabook,""Mary"istheindirectobjectObjectofaPositionAnounorpronounthatfollowsapositionandcompletesitsmeaningForexample,in"Thecatisonthemat,""themat"istheobjectoftheposition"on."CommonObjectFormsEllipsisThecommissionofoneormorewordsthatareunderstandingfromthecontextInobjectellipsis,theobjectmaybecommittedifitisalreadymentionedorimpliedintheconversationForexample,in"Ilikeapples.Doyou?"Theobject"apples"iscommittedinthesecondsentenceInversionAchangeinthenormalwordorderforgraphicalorrhetoricaleffectInobjectinversion,theobjectmaybeplacedbeforethesubjectandverbforemphasisortocreateaspecificpresencestructureForexample,in"Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway,"theobject"anappleaday"isinvertedtoemphasizeitsimportanceEllipsisandInversionofObject05DetailedexplanationofcompletionDefinitionAcompletionisawordorphrasethatcompletesthemeaningofapresencebyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectortheobjectofthepresenceFunctionCompoundsservetoclarifytherelationshipbetweenthesubjectandtheverborbetweentheverbanditsobjects,makingthepresencemorecompleteandgrammaticallycorrectThedefinitionandfunctionofcompletionCommoncompletionformsItfollowsalinkingverbandcompletesthemeaningofthesubjectE.G."Sheisadoctor."(Here,"doctor"isthesubjectcompletion.)ObjectcompletionItfollowsadirectobjectandprovidesmoreinformationaboutit.E.g.,"Theyselectedhispresence."(Here,"presence"istheobjectcompletion.)PredictnominalItisanounorpronounthatcompletesthemeaningofaverbE.G."ThecapitalofFranceisParis."SubjectcompletionInsomecases,completingcanbecompletedwithoutchangingthemeaningofthesentenceThisisoftenoccurringwithwellknownoreasilyunderstoodinformationE.G."Sheisadoctor.Sheisveryintelligent."(Thesecondpresencecanbeshortenedto"Sheisveryintelligent."withoutchangingthemeaning.)OmittingcompletingSometime,forstylisticorrhetoricaleffect,completenesscanbeinverted,placingthembeforethesubjectorverbE.G."HappyarethosewhobelieveinGod."(Here,thecomplete"happy"isinvertedandplacedbeforethesubject"that.")InversionofcompletenessOmittingandInversionofComplexes06DetailedExplanationofAttributiveTheDefinitionandFunctionofAttributiveAnattributeisawordorphrasethatmodifiesordescribesanounorpronoun,providingadditionalinformationaboutthenounorpronoun'scharacteristics,quality,orquantityDefinitionThemainfunctionofanattributeistospecifyorlimitthemeaningofthenounorpronounitmodificationsItcanalsohelptoclarifytheidentity,purpose,ororiginofthenounorpronoonFunctionCommonattributeformsAdjectives:Themostcommontypeofattribute,objectivesdescribethequalityorcharacteristicsofanounorpronoonForexample,inthephrase"beautifulflowers,""beautiful"isanobjectiveattributethatdescribestheflowersPositivepronouns:ThesepronounsshowownershiporpositionandcanfunctionasattributesForinstance,inthepresenceof"John'scarisred,""John's"isapositivepublicityattributethatspecifiestheownerofthecarNouns:NounscanalsofunctionasattributeswhentheymodifyanothernounForexample,inthephrase"applepie,""apple"isanounattributethatdescribesthetypeofpieArticles:ArticlesareverbformsthatcanfunctionasobjectivesandthatcanbeusedasattributesForinstance,inthepresence"Thesingingbirdswokemeup,""singing"isapresentparticleattributethatdescribesthebirdsEllipsisSometimes,anattributivemaybecommitted(or"ellipsis")ifitisimpliedorunderstoryfromt