2024届上海闵行区高三一模英语试题含答案解析

2023学年第一学期高三年级学业质量调研

英语学科

（考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分）

考生注意：

1.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律

不得分。

2.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写考生号和姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,a

questionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

conversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Inagrocerystore.B.Atthewedding.C.Inarestaurant.D.Atacafe.

2.A.£120.B.£160.C.£180.D.£240.

3.A.Bytakingtrains.B.Bytakingcoaches.C.Byrentingacar.D.Bytakingataxi.

4.A.Exhausting.B.Pleasant.C.Boring.D.Educational.

5.A.Thewoman'stourtoZhejiangprovince.B.Thewoman'suniversitylife.

C.Thewoman9simpressionofthemuseum.D.Thewoman'suniversitytour.

6.A.Sheistootiredtoenjoythefilm.B.Shehasseenthefilmbefore.

C.Sheiseagertoseethenewfilm.D.Shehasnointerestinthefilm.

7.A.Toexpresshersympathy.B.Tolifttheman'sspirits.

C.Toshowherdisappointment.D.Tohighlighttheman'stalent.

8.A.Shewasasconfidentasshelooked.B.Shesangwithallherheart.

C.Shecouldhardlyfinishthesong.D.Shefeltextremelynervous.

9.A.Ifsmuchbetterthanexpected.B.It'ssurprisinglyoutstanding.

C.Ifsaverage,nothingtowritehomeabout.D.It'ssomethingterribleheneverfancied.

10.A.Heregrettednothavingpreparedsufficiently.

B.Heisn'tawareofthetopicsofthespeakingtest.

C.Hehaspreparedeverythingfortheoralexam.

D.Hediscussedthepreparedtopicsintheoralexam.

第1页共15页

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveral

questionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecide

whichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Low-incomeMexicanstudentswhowanttobepilots.

B.Low-incomeCalifornianstudentswholiveinMexico.

C.Low-incomeMexicanstudentswholiveneartheUSborder.

D.Low-incomeCalifornianstudentswhowanttoattendcommunitycolleges.

12.A.$1,500.B.$7,200.C.$8,000.D.$10,000.

13.A.HelpingCaliforniansbecomelawmakersintheUS.

B.IncreasingdiversityamongworkforceintheUS.

C.MakingiteasyforMexicanstoachieveeducation.

D.AvoidinglossoftalentintheUnitedStates.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.

14.A.Toreduceunemploymentrates.

B.Toincreaseworkers9salaries.

C.ToattractinternationalcompaniestotheUK.

D.Tocheckifashorterworkweekisachievable.

15.A.Toreduceemployees9expenses.B.Tomeetemployees9preferences.

C.Toincreaseproductivity.D.Tofollowgovernmentregulations.

16.A.Awaytoattractandkeeptalent.B.Atrendintheworkplace.

C.Atry-outofanewworkweekpolicy.D.Ademandfbrhigherpay.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.High-qualityequipment.B.Agreatamountofpractice.

C.Personalphysicalcondition.D.Previoussportingexperience.

18.A.Informsomeoneofyourreturntime.B.Staymindfulofyoursurroundings.

C.Tellsomeonehowyoucanbeidentified.D.Usethemostadvancedboardandsail.

19.A.Teachingandsharing.B.Connectionwithnature.

C.Competitionsandchallenges.D.Speedandexcitement.

20.A.Explorenewwindsurfingdestinations.B.Takepartinwindsurfingcompetitions.

C.Develophigh-qualityboards.D.Startawindsurfingbusiness.

第2页共15页

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Therainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthenoise,itisusefultoecologists.Listening

outfbranimalcallsisconsideredamethodofmeasuringthebiodiversityofapieceofland.(21)itismuch

easierthandiggingunderthebusheslookingfortracks,suchanalysisistime-consuming.Italsorequires(22)expert

pairofears.

InapaperpublishedinNatureCommunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJorgMuller,anecologistatthe

UniversityofWurzburg,describeabetterway:haveacomputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthrough

(23)thesoundsofbirdsormammals(哺乳动物)canbeidentified.

Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanRainforest(厄瓜多尔雨林).Somesiteswere

relativelyprimitive,old-growthforests.Otherswereareasthat(24)(clear)forpasture(牧场)already.Sound

recordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,and

thenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,

themoresignificantthebiodiversityithosted.

Thenitwasthecomputer'sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingsto(25)(train)AImodels,usingsound

samplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.TheyfoundtheAItoolscouldidentifythe

soundsaswellastheexperts.

Noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.Havingusedlight-trapstocapturenight-flyinginsectsandDNAanalysis

(26)(identify)them,DrMullerandhiscolleaguesfoundthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableindicatorforthe

diversityofthequieter(27),too.

Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressure(28)theircustomers,some

make-upcompaniesandoilfirmshavebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojects.DrMullerhopesanautomated

approachto(29)(check)ontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts.Thismethodwouldalsoprovidea

standardizedwaytomeasure(30)theyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.

第3页共15页

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthere

isonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delay

F.anticipatingG.comprisedH.perceivingI.initiativeJ.compounds

K.unfavorable

WhatLiesBeneath

“Earth“hasalwaysbeenanoddchoiceofnamefbrthethirdplanetfromtheSun.Afterall,analien（夕卜星人）

examiningitthroughatelescopewouldnotethattwo-thirdsofitssurfaceis

31notoflandbutofoceansofwater.Marinebiologiststhinktheoceansmighthostmorethan2,000,000species

ofmarineanimals,ofwhichtheyhavesofar32perhapsatenth.

Anew33hopestochangethis.SmoothlylaunchedinLondononApril27th,OceanCensus（海洋普查）aimsto

discover100,000newspeciesofmarineanimaloverthecomingdecade.

Theattemptishappeningnowfbrtworeasons.Oneisthat,thelongerscientists34,thefewertherewillbe

todocument.Climatechangeisheatingtheoceans,aswellasmakingthemmoreacidicascarbondioxideisabsorbedinto

thewater.

Thesecondoneistechnological.Marinebiologistsdiscoverabout2,000newspeciesayear,aratehardlychangedsince

Darwin'sday.OceanCensusis35itcangofaster."'Cyber勿。冲（网络分类学forinstance,involvesfeedinganimal

DNAinformationintocomputers,whichcanquicklydecidewhetheritmeetsthe36foranewspecies.

Exactlywhattheneweffortmightturnup,ofcourse,isimpossibletoforecast.Buthistorysuggestsitwillbefruitful.

Halfacenturyagoscientistsdetectedhotopeningsontheseabedthatwerehometoorganismslivinghappilyinconditions

that,untilthen,hadbeenthought37tolife.Thesedays,suchopeningsareonecredible38fortheoriginofalllife

onEarth.

Morepracticalbenefitscan'tbeignored.Manydrugs,fbrexample,comeoriginallyfrombiological39.Anocean

fullofunrecordedlifewillalmostcertainlyprovearichseam（矿层）fromwhichto40more.

Tohelpmakeuseofitsdata,OceanCensusplanstomakeitattainabletoscientistsandthepublicwithoutcharge,who

willbeabletosearchitfbranythingvaluableorunexpected.

第4页共15页

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

MantheHunter,akeyideainhumansciences,proposesthathuntingwasamajordriverofhumanevolutionandthat

menconductedthisactivity,leavingwomenout.Itholdsthathumanancestorshadadivisionof41rootedinbiological

differencesbetweenmalesandfemales,inwhichmalesevolvedtohuntandprovide,andfemalestendedtochildrenand

domesticduties.Itassumesthatmalesare42superiortofemalesandthatpregnancy（'怀孕）andchild-caringreduceor

eliminate（才艮除）afemale^abilitytohunt.

MantheHunterhasdominatedthestudyofhumanevolutionfornearlyhalfacenturyandspreadthroughpopular

43.Itisrepresentedinmuseumdisplaysandtextbookfigures,Saturdaymorningcartoonsandfeaturefilms.Thethingis,

ifs44.

Researcherslookatthedamageonourancestors9remainsforcluestotheir45.Neandertalfemalesandmalesdo

notvaryin46patternsorexhibitsexdifferencesindiseasesfromrepetitiveactions.Theirskeletonsshowthesame

modesofwearandtear.Thisdiscoveryimpliesthattheywereengagingin47activities,fromhuntinglargegame

animalstoprocessingfurforleather.

Observationsofrecentandcontemporarysocietiesprovidedirectevidenceofwomen48

hunting.AgtapeopleofthePhilippines,49,huntwhilepregnantandbreastfeeding,andtheyhavethesamehunting

successasAgtamen.

Arecentstudyofcross-culturalobservationaldatalastingthepast100years-muchofwhichwas50byManthe

Huntercontributors-foundthatwomenfromawiderangeofcultureshuntanimalsfbrfood.79percentofthe63societies

withcleardescriptionsoftheirhuntingstrategiesreportedlyfeaturewomen51.Thewomenareinvolvedinhunting

regardlessoftheirchildbearingstatus.

Muchaboutfemaleexercisescienceandthe52ofprehistoricwomenremainstobediscovered.Buttheidea

thatinthepastmenwerehuntersandwomenwerenotisabsolutely

53evenbythelimitedevidencewehave.Nowwhenyouthinkof“cavepeople”,wehope,youwillimaginea（n）54

groupofhunterssurroundingadeerorhittingstonetoolstogetherratherthanaheavy-browedmanwithaheavystickover

oneshoulder.Huntingmayhavebeenremadeasa55activityinrecenttimes,butfbrmostofhumanhistory,it

belongedtoeveryone.

41.A.foodB.laborC.resourceD.power

42.A.technicallyB.sociallyC.physicallyD.intellectually

43.A.cultureB.beliefC.scienceD.awareness

44.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.simpleD.reasonable

45.A.emotionB.appearanceC.dietD.behavior

46.A.injuryB.interactionC.growthD.settlement

47.A.variousB.identicalC.outdoorD.manual

48.A.takingoverB.sufferingfromC.longingforD.participatingin

49.A.infactB.asawholeC.forinstanceD.asaresult

50.A.quotedB.ignoredC.collectedD.stored

51.A.supportersB.pioneersC.leadersD.hunters

52.A.hobbiesB.statusC.livesD.rights

53.A.establishedB.unsupportedC.developedD.misguided

54.A.ever-growingB.self-governingC.mixed-sexD.multi-cultural

55.A.teamB.sportingC.leisureD.male

第5页共15页

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiven

inthepassageyouhaveread.

(A)

CanadageeseareacommonandplentifulNorthAmericanbirdfoundinmanyurbanparks,

golfcourses,airports,orareaswithlargelawnsnearwater.Theyarealargewaterbirdwitha

fairlybrownbody,palebreast,andlongblackneckwithwhitecheeks.

Canadageeseareparticularlyattractedtourbanareasforthemanygrassylawnsnearsmall

bodiesofwater.Theycanoftenbeseenfeedingonlawnsorplayinginshallowwaterbytippingforwardandextendingtheir

necksunderwatertoreachfbrplants.Canadageeseprefertogatheringinlargeflocks(群)andcanbeseenflyingoverinthe

classicVformation.

InChicago,Canadageesemayremaininthecitythroughouttheyear,althoughsomegeesegetusedtomovinglong

distancestomoresouthernsectionsfbrthewinterornorthwardinspringtobreed.Eachbreedingseason,pairsbuildlarge

opencupgroundnestsandlay2to8eggswhichareraisedinasinglebrood(窝).Urbanhabitatsarealsoattractivetothis

speciesasneatly-maintainedlawnsmakeiteasywhenjgraz加"withyoungtokeepwatchfbrapproachingenemies.Itis,

however,theiruseoftheseurbanareasthatoftenleadstoconflictswithhumans.

AsCanadageesenumbersrise,sodotheirconflictswithhumans.Canadageese'sdailyactivitiesmaydamagegardens

andlandscaping.Geesemayalsocrossroadswhensearchingforfoodorwalkingbetweennestingsitesandbodiesofwater,

slowingmovementorposingapotentialriskontheroadway.Althoughdirectiniuriesbvfiercegeeseareuncommon,

peoplesometimesfallandpickinMieswhensurprisedbyacka废in殳goose.Additionally,peopleoftenfeedthebirds.

Notonlyarethetypesoffoodpeopletypicallyprovide,suchasbread,unhealthyforthebirds,butthisencourageshigh

concentrationsofgeeseleadingtomoreharmfulbehaviorandhigherriskofdiseases.Lastly,plane-birdconflictsare

estimatedtoberising,likelyduetoincreasingnumbersofplanes,butalsoincreasesinpopulationsofcertainbirdspecies,

includingCanadageese.Althoughcrashesrarelyresultinanaccident,theyoftencausecostlydamagetoplanes.

56.WhatdoweknowaboutCanadageesefromthefirstandsecondparagraph?

A.Theyareavaluedandrarespecies.B.Theyliketospendtimenearwater.

C.Theyalwayslivequietlyandseparately.D.Theirappearanceisinauniformandsinglecolor.

57.Whichofthefollowingwordsfromthepassageissimilarinmeaningto'如配攵''(paragraph3)?

A.feeding(paragraph2)B.playing(paragraph2)

C.gathering(paragraph2)D.moving(paragraph3)

58.Fromthesentence“Althoughdirectinjuries..(inthelastparagraph),weknowthatCanadageesearelikelyto.

A.adorehumansB.threatenhumansC.frustratehumansD.safeguardhumans

59.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisnotthetroublecausedbyanincreasingnumberofgeese?

A.Frequentaircrashes.B.Damagetocityview.

C.Trafficjamanddanger.D.Indirecthumaninjuries.

第6页共15页

（B）

15THOCT2023CULTURE

GazelleTwin,acomposer,producer,andmusician,opensupaboutbeingaconceptualartistand

establishingauniqueidentityaheadofthereleaseofhernewalbum（专辑），BlackDog.

Q:Wouldyoudescribeyourmusicasconceptual?

A:Conceptualisagoodterm.Idon'tmakemusicjustforthesakeofmakingmusic.Myrecordsareinspiredby

themes.Ispendaconsiderableamountoftimebeforewritingthemusic,learningaboutsubjectsrelatedtothetheme.

ThenIworkonthestructureofthealbum.Ideascanchange.Forexample,BlackDogwasoriginallyaboutghosts（幽

灵），butIendedupwithanalbumaboutmychildhoodexperiences,throughtoadulthoodandparenthood,andthe

anxietyandfearthathasbeenwithmeduringthattime.

Q:Throughoutthealbum,thereisasenseofanobserver.Isthatpersonyourself,oranotherpresence?

A:Both.Thereisthevoiceofdepressionandanxiety,andalsothisotherDCFSOHyouknowisalwaysthere.Ithought

ofhavingthisominouspresence（不祥之兆）aroundyou.Thereisalsothatsenseofbeingoutintheworld,asa

woman,awareofmyvulnerability（脆弱）.Forexample,justgoingforawalkisneversimple.Wehavetobuild

protectiveinstinctsaroundourselves.

Q:Whenyoustartedout,didyouhaveanyideaofthekindofartistyouwantedtobe?

A:IknewIdidn'twanttofitafixedstyleorberestrictedbybeingfemale.Iwantedtobeflexible.Iliketothinkin

scaleandofmorethanIcanachieveasoneperson.Ilikeartistswithuniqueidentities.

Q:Whatwouldbeyouradvicetoanyonewithambitionstobecomeamusician?

A:Followyourinstincts.Putyourselfouttherewithoutpressuretobe“finished”.Absorbthings,experiment,and

allowyourselftofollowajourneywhereyoudon'tknowwhereyouwillendup.Beingsuccessfulcommercially

takesateamandtime.Youhavetoloveitandbeinitforthelongjourney.

Q:Fastforwardtenyears,wheredoyouwanttobe?

A:Iwouldlovetocarryonfollowingmyinstinctsandmakingalbums.IwouldlikemoreofacollectionofTVand

filmscoresbecauseIenjoywritingscoresandcooperativework.

60.WhyisGazelleTwin'smusicconceptual?

A.Herrecordsareusuallyaboutghosts.B.Thealbum'sstructureisatoppriority.

C.Theword“conceptual“itselfisattractive.D.Hermusicishighlymotivatedbythemes.

61.Inthesecondpartoftheinterview,“thisotherperson“mostlikelyrepresents.

A.spiritualgrowthB.vividimagination

C.innerself-awarenessD.externalintervention

62.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromGazelleTwin'sresponseintheinterview?

A.Shetendstotakethebiggerpictureintoaccount.

B.Herfutureplanningisprofit-driventosomeextent.

C.BlackDoghasalreadybecomeahitalbumworldwide.

D.Sheexpresseswillingnesstohelpthepotentialmusicians.

第7页共15页

（C）

HowtoRecruit（招聘）withSofterSkillsinMind

Softskillsmattertoemployers.Ananalysisofalmost5000jobdescriptionsshowedcompanieshaveshiftedawayfrom

emphasizingfinancialandoperationalskillstowardssocialskills——anabilitytolisten,reflect,communicateandempathise

（共情）.

Thetroubleisthatsoftskillsarehardtomeasure.Worsestill,theconventionalprocessfbrrecruitingpeopleisoften

betteratrecognizingotherqualities.Theearlyphasesofrecruitmentfbcusonscreeningcandidatesbasedontheir

experiencesandhardskills,criteriathatareeasiesttoassessremotely.Thelaterphases,whencandidatesandemployers

engageinactualconversation,arebettersuitedtoassessinganapplicant9ssofterskills.Thinkofhowfundamentallyunsocial

thesituationis!Candidatesareexpectedtotalk,notlisten;toimpress,notempathise.Structuredinterviewscriptsenable

like-for-likecomparisonsbuttheyalsolimitthespacefornaturalness.

Tworecentstudiesofwhatmakesforagoodteammemberagreeonwhatmightbedescribedasanabilitytoreadthe

room.Oneresearchfoundpeoplewhocanaccuratelyjudgethelevelofinfluenceheldbyvariousteammemberspossessa

magicpowercalled“statusacuitySuchroom-readersreducegroupconflictandenhanceteamperformance.They

accordinglydesignedatest,inwhichparticipantswatchedavideoofagroupperformingatask.Theparticipantsthenrated

membersofthegroupbasedonhowmuchrespecteachwasperceivedtohold.Peoplewhoseratingswereclosesttothe

assessmentsoftheteammembersthemselveshadthequalityofstatusacuity.

Theotherstudyfoundthatcertainindividualsconsistentlymadetheirgroupsperformbetterthanexpected.Suchpeople

aregenuineteamplayers,capableofmakingthewholegreaterthanthesumoftheparts.Thesewonderfulcreaturesdidnot

standoutfromtheirpeersonIQtests.Buttheydidsignificantlybetteronthe“ReadingtheMindintheEyes"test,an

assessmentinwhichparticipantsareshownpicturesofvariousfacialexpressionsandthenhavetopickthewordthatbest

describeswhateachpersonisfeeling.

Bettertestsarenottheonlywaytogathermoreinformationaboutsoftskills.Don'tjusthavepeoplehigherupthefood

chainaskinterviewquestions.Askthepeoplewhointeractcasuallywithapplicants,fromtheassistantstothereceptionists,

whattheythoughtofthem.

Undeniably,peoplemaysucceedinfakingtheirwaythroughtheprocess.Andtheremaybemoreroomfbrinterviewers?

prejudicetoemerge.Findingsomeoneannoyingmaybeasignalthatsomeonelackssocialskills.Butitmayalsomeanthat

theyarenervousorthatinterviewersarebad-tempered.Recruitmentissettochangeandisunlikelytobecomeless

challenging.

63.Whatmakestherecentrecruitmentprocessdistinctfromthetraditionalone?

A.Prioritizationofsoftskills.B.Focusonascreeningmethod.

C.Dependenceonstructuredinterviewscripts.D.Emphasisuponfinancialandoperationalskills.

64.Accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraph,apersonwiththeabilitytoreadtheroomiscapableof.

A.adjustingone'sbehaviororattitudeswiftlytofitthecontext

B.understandingtheindividual'sperspectivetorespondappropriately

C.resolvinggroupconflictorjudgingfacialexpressionsinasituation

D.interpretingindividual'srolewithinateamortheirmood

65.Whatisthepurposeofthetwostudiesmentionedinthepassage?

A.Toidentifywaystoperfectstructuredinterviewscripts.

B.Todiscovershortcutsfbrtestingandidentifyingsoftskills.

C.Toexplorerecipesfbrcultivatingaqualifiedteammember.

D.Tointroducemethodsofimprovingcandidates9non-technicalskills.

66.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Integratingsoftskillsassessmentintoahiringprocesswon'tintroducesideeffects.

B.Employeesinlowerpositionsmayprovideuselessinsightsintoapplicants?softskills.

C.Interviewers9prejudicemayinfluencetheirfairassessmentsandperceptionsofcandidates.

D.Thereisnopossibilityofindividualssuccessfullydeceivingothersduringtheinterview.

第8页共15页

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddiflerentculturalvalues.

C.Human9sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentinextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents,preferenceforaparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

TheMeaningandPowerofSmell

Asurveyrevealedthatsmellcancausestrongemotionalresponses.Asmellconnectedwithagoodexperiencecan

pleaseus,whileanodour（气味）bondedwithabadmemorymaydisgust（使恶心）us.67Such

associationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,andthosegenerallyconsidered

sweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals.

68Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infants

recognizetheirmothers'odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingwornby

theirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.

Despiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsenseinmany

cultures.Whileourolfactory（嗅觉的）powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyare

remarkablysensitive.69

Odours,unlikecolours,can'tbenamedinmanylanguagesbecausethespecificvocabularysimplydoesn'texist.<4It

smellslike...Jwehavetosaywhendescribinganodour,strugglingtoexpressourolfactoryexperience.Norcanodoursbe

recorded:thereisnoeffectivewaytocaptureorstorethemovertime.70Smellsconsideredoffensivein

someculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmellisameansofinteractingwiththeworld.Thestudy

oftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintotheessenceofhumanculture.

第9页共15页

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaa