国外非物质文化遗产相关研究述评

国外非物质文化遗产相关研究述评一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle非物质文化遗产，作为人类文明的重要组成部分，承载着各民族的历史记忆、文化认同和精神寄托。随着全球化进程的加快，非物质文化遗产的保护与传承日益受到国际社会的关注。本文旨在综述国外非物质文化遗产相关研究的现状和发展趋势，以期为我国的非物质文化遗产保护工作提供借鉴和参考。Intangibleculturalheritage,asanimportantcomponentofhumancivilization,carriesthehistoricalmemory,culturalidentity,andspiritualsustenanceofvariousethnicgroups.Withtheaccelerationofglobalization,theprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritageareincreasinglyreceivingattentionfromtheinternationalcommunity.Thisarticleaimstoreviewthecurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendsofresearchonintangibleculturalheritageinforeigncountries,inordertoprovidereferenceandguidancefortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageinChina.本文将首先介绍非物质文化遗产的定义、分类及其在国际上的认定标准，明确研究范围和对象。随后，将分别从历史演变、理论研究、实践探索和政策法规等四个方面，对国外非物质文化遗产相关研究进行梳理和评价。在历史演变部分，将回顾非物质文化遗产概念的提出和发展历程，分析其在不同历史阶段的特点和变化。在理论研究部分，将总结国外学者在非物质文化遗产保护方面的主要观点和研究成果，探讨其理论价值和实践指导意义。在实践探索部分，将介绍国外在非物质文化遗产保护方面的成功案例和实践经验，分析其对我国非物质文化遗产保护的启示和借鉴。在政策法规部分，将梳理国外在非物质文化遗产保护方面的法律法规和政策措施，评估其对我国非物质文化遗产保护工作的借鉴意义。Thisarticlewillfirstintroducethedefinition,classification,andinternationalrecognitionstandardsofintangibleculturalheritage,clarifyingtheresearchscopeandobjects.Subsequently,researchonforeignintangibleculturalheritagewillbereviewedandevaluatedfromfouraspects:historicalevolution,theoreticalresearch,practicalexploration,andpolicyregulations.Inthehistoricalevolutionsection,wewillreviewtheconceptanddevelopmentprocessofintangibleculturalheritage,analyzeitscharacteristicsandchangesindifferenthistoricalstages.Inthetheoreticalresearchsection,themainviewpointsandresearchachievementsofforeignscholarsintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagewillbesummarized,andtheirtheoreticalvalueandpracticalguidancesignificancewillbeexplored.Inthepracticalexplorationsection,successfulcasesandpracticalexperiencesofforeigncountriesintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagewillbeintroduced,andtheirinspirationandreferencefortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageinChinawillbeanalyzed.Inthepolicyandregulatorysection,wewillreviewthelaws,regulations,andpolicymeasuresofforeigncountriesintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,andevaluatetheirreferencesignificancefortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageinChina.通过本文的综述，我们希望能够全面了解国外非物质文化遗产相关研究的最新进展和发展趋势，为我国的非物质文化遗产保护工作提供更为全面和深入的参考。也期望通过本文的探讨，能够引起更多学者和公众对非物质文化遗产保护工作的关注和重视，共同推动非物质文化遗产的传承与发展。Throughthereviewofthisarticle,wehopetohaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofthelatestprogressanddevelopmenttrendsinforeignresearchonintangibleculturalheritage,andprovidemorecomprehensiveandin-depthreferencesfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageinChina.Wealsohopethatthroughthediscussioninthisarticle,morescholarsandthepubliccanpayattentiontoandattachimportancetotheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,andjointlypromotetheinheritanceanddevelopmentofintangibleculturalheritage.二、国外非物质文化遗产研究概述OverviewofResearchonIntangibleCulturalHeritageAbroad在全球范围内，对非物质文化遗产（IntangibleCulturalHeritage，简称ICH）的研究和保护工作已经引起了广泛的关注。这一领域的研究不仅涉及文化学、人类学、社会学等多个学科，而且还涉及到政策制定、法律保护和公众教育等多个实践层面。TheresearchandprotectionofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(ICH)hasattractedwidespreadattentionworldwide.Theresearchinthisfieldnotonlyinvolvesmultipledisciplinessuchasculturalstudies,anthropology,sociology,butalsoinvolvesmultiplepracticallevelssuchaspolicy-making,legalprotection,andpubliceducation.从学术研究的角度看，国外的非物质文化遗产研究呈现出多元化的特点。一方面，研究者们从理论层面对非物质文化遗产的定义、分类、价值等方面进行了深入的探讨。例如，一些学者强调了非物质文化遗产的活态性和传承性，认为它是人类社会生活的重要组成部分，具有独特的历史、文化和科学价值。另一方面，研究者们也关注到了非物质文化遗产的保护和传承问题，提出了许多具有实践指导意义的理论和方法。Fromtheperspectiveofacademicresearch,researchonintangibleculturalheritageinforeigncountrieshasshownadiversifiedcharacteristic.Ontheonehand,researchershaveconductedin-depthdiscussionsonthedefinition,classification,andvalueofintangibleculturalheritagefromatheoreticalperspective.Forexample,somescholarsemphasizethevitalityandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,believingthatitisanimportantcomponentofhumansociallifeandhasuniquehistorical,cultural,andscientificvalues.Ontheotherhand,researchershavealsopaidattentiontotheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,andproposedmanytheoriesandmethodswithpracticalguidancesignificance.在实践层面，许多国家都制定了相应的政策和法规，以保护本国的非物质文化遗产。这些政策和法规不仅明确了非物质文化遗产的认定标准和保护原则，而且还规定了相应的保护措施和资金保障机制。一些国家还通过举办展览、演出、教育等活动，向公众普及非物质文化遗产的知识，提高公众的保护意识。Atthepracticallevel,manycountrieshaveformulatedcorrespondingpoliciesandregulationstoprotecttheirintangibleculturalheritage.Thesepoliciesandregulationsnotonlyclarifytherecognitionstandardsandprotectionprinciplesforintangibleculturalheritage,butalsoprovidecorrespondingprotectionmeasuresandfinancialguaranteemechanisms.Somecountriesalsoholdexhibitions,performances,educationandotheractivitiestopopularizeknowledgeaboutintangibleculturalheritagetothepublicandenhancetheirawarenessofprotection.总体来说，国外的非物质文化遗产研究已经取得了显著的成果。然而，随着全球化的加速和现代化的推进，非物质文化遗产面临着越来越多的挑战和威胁。因此，未来的研究还需要进一步深入，以更好地保护和传承这些宝贵的文化遗产。Overall,significantachievementshavebeenmadeinthestudyofintangibleculturalheritageabroad.However,withtheaccelerationofglobalizationandmodernization,intangibleculturalheritageisfacingincreasingchallengesandthreats.Therefore,furtherresearchisneededinthefuturetobetterprotectandinheritthesevaluableculturalheritage.三、国外非物质文化遗产保护政策与实践PoliciesandPracticesfortheProtectionofIntangibleCulturalHeritageinForeignCountries在全球范围内，各国对于非物质文化遗产的保护已经形成了各具特色的政策与实践。这些实践不仅体现了各国对于非物质文化遗产价值的深刻认识，也展示了各国在保护非物质文化遗产方面的独特智慧和创新。Onaglobalscale,countrieshaveformeduniquepoliciesandpracticesfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Thesepracticesnotonlyreflecttheprofoundunderstandingofthevalueofintangibleculturalheritageinvariouscountries,butalsodemonstratetheiruniquewisdomandinnovationinprotectingintangibleculturalheritage.在欧洲，许多国家如法国、意大利、西班牙等，都制定了详细的非物质文化遗产保护法规，明确了保护的对象、范围、方法和责任主体。例如，法国在1999年就通过了《文化遗产保护法》，其中对于非物质文化遗产的保护做出了明确规定。这些国家还通过设立专门机构、提供资金支持、开展教育培训等方式，推动非物质文化遗产的保护和传承。InEurope,manycountriessuchasFrance,Italy,Spain,etc.haveformulateddetailedregulationsfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,clarifyingtheobjects,scope,methods,andresponsiblepartiesofprotection.Forexample,FrancepassedtheCulturalHeritageProtectionLawin1999,whichmadeclearprovisionsfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Thesecountriesalsopromotetheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritagebyestablishingspecializedinstitutions,providingfinancialsupport,andconductingeducationandtraining.在亚洲，日本和韩国在非物质文化遗产保护方面也有显著成就。日本在2004年制定了《文化财保护法》，将非物质文化遗产纳入保护范围，并设立了“人间国宝”制度，对代表性传承人给予认定和支持。韩国则通过制定《文化财产保护法》和《非物质文化遗产保护法》，建立了完善的非物质文化遗产保护体系，同时积极推动非物质文化遗产的国际交流与合作。InAsia,JapanandSouthKoreahavealsomadesignificantachievementsintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.In2004,JapanformulatedtheCulturalandFinancialProtectionLaw,whichincludedintangibleculturalheritageintheprotectionscopeandestablisheda"nationaltreasure"systemtorecognizeandsupportrepresentativeinheritors.SouthKoreahasestablishedacomprehensivesystemfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagebyenactingtheCulturalPropertyProtectionLawandtheIntangibleCulturalHeritageProtectionLaw,whileactivelypromotinginternationalexchangesandcooperationonintangibleculturalheritage.在非洲和拉丁美洲等地区，虽然一些国家在非物质文化遗产保护方面起步较晚，但也开始逐步重视并采取措施进行保护。例如，巴西在2006年制定了《非物质文化遗产保护法》，明确了保护非物质文化遗产的重要性和必要性，并提出了具体的保护措施。InregionssuchasAfricaandLatinAmerica,althoughsomecountriesstartedrelativelylateintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,theyhavealsobeguntograduallyattachimportancetoandtakemeasurestoprotectit.Forexample,BrazilformulatedtheIntangibleCulturalHeritageProtectionLawin2006,whichclarifiedtheimportanceandnecessityofprotectingintangibleculturalheritageandproposedspecificprotectionmeasures.除了国家层面的政策与实践外，许多国际组织也积极参与到非物质文化遗产的保护中来。例如，联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）就通过制定《保护非物质文化遗产公约》、设立“世界非物质文化遗产日”等方式，推动全球范围内的非物质文化遗产保护工作。Inadditiontonationalpoliciesandpractices,manyinternationalorganizationsactivelyparticipateintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Forexample,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)promotestheglobalprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagebyformulatingtheConventionfortheProtectionoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageandestablishingWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritageDay.总体来说，国外在非物质文化遗产保护方面已经形成了较为完善的政策与实践体系。这些政策和实践不仅有助于保护和传承非物质文化遗产，也为全球范围内的非物质文化遗产保护工作提供了有益的借鉴和参考。然而，随着全球化进程的加速和现代化的发展，非物质文化遗产保护仍然面临着诸多挑战和问题。因此，各国需要进一步加强合作与交流，共同推动非物质文化遗产保护事业的发展。Overall,foreigncountrieshaveformedarelativelycompletepolicyandpracticalsystemintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Thesepoliciesandpracticesnotonlycontributetotheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,butalsoprovideusefulreferenceandguidancefortheglobalprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.However,withtheaccelerationofglobalizationandmodernization,theprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagestillfacesmanychallengesandproblems.Therefore,countriesneedtofurtherstrengthencooperationandexchanges,andjointlypromotethedevelopmentoftheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.四、国外非物质文化遗产传承与创新InheritanceandInnovationofIntangibleCulturalHeritageAbroad在非物质文化遗产的传承与创新方面，各国都展现出了独特而富有成效的实践。这些实践不仅体现了对传统文化的尊重和维护，也展示了在全球化背景下，如何将传统文化与现代生活相结合，赋予其新的生命力。Intheinheritanceandinnovationofintangibleculturalheritage,countrieshavedemonstrateduniqueandeffectivepractices.Thesepracticesnotonlyreflectrespectandmaintenanceoftraditionalculture,butalsodemonstratehowtocombinetraditionalculturewithmodernlifeandgiveitnewvitalityinthecontextofglobalization.以日本为例，其非物质文化遗产的传承工作得益于一套完整的保护体系。日本政府通过制定相关法律和政策，如《文化财保护法》，明确了对非物质文化遗产的保护目标和措施。同时，通过设立专门的保护机构，如文化财保护委员会，负责非物质文化遗产的认定、保护和传承工作。在传承方式上，日本注重传统技艺的口传心授和家族传承，同时也鼓励与现代科技结合，如数字化保护、虚拟现实展示等，使传统技艺得以在现代社会中广泛传播。TakingJapanasanexample,theinheritanceofitsintangibleculturalheritagebenefitsfromacompleteprotectionsystem.TheJapanesegovernmenthasformulatedrelevantlawsandpolicies,suchastheCulturalandFinancialProtectionLaw,toclarifytheprotectiongoalsandmeasuresforintangibleculturalheritage.Atthesametime,byestablishingspecializedprotectioninstitutions,suchastheCulturalPropertyProtectionCommittee,responsiblefortherecognition,protection,andinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.Intermsofinheritancemethods,Japanemphasizestheoraltransmissionandfamilyinheritanceoftraditionalskills,whilealsoencouragingtheintegrationwithmoderntechnology,suchasdigitalprotectionandvirtualrealitydisplay,sothattraditionalskillscanbewidelydisseminatedinmodernsociety.在欧洲，许多国家通过设立非物质文化遗产节、举办传统文化活动等形式，促进非物质文化遗产的传承和创新。例如，法国的“文化遗产日”活动，通过展示各种非物质文化遗产项目，让公众近距离感受传统文化的魅力。同时，欧洲国家还注重非物质文化遗产与现代设计的结合，推动传统文化元素在现代设计中的应用，如传统图案、色彩等在现代服装、家居设计等领域的应用，既传承了传统文化，又创新了现代设计。InEurope,manycountriespromotetheinheritanceandinnovationofintangibleculturalheritagebyestablishingfestivalsforintangibleculturalheritageandorganizingtraditionalculturalactivities.Forexample,the"CulturalHeritageDay"eventinFranceshowcasesvariousintangibleculturalheritageprojects,allowingthepublictoexperiencethecharmoftraditionalcultureupclose.Atthesametime,Europeancountriesalsopayattentiontothecombinationofintangibleculturalheritageandmoderndesign,promotingtheapplicationoftraditionalculturalelementsinmoderndesign,suchastraditionalpatterns,colors,etc.,inmodernclothing,homedesign,andotherfields.Thisnotonlyinheritstraditionalculturebutalsoinnovatesmoderndesign.在亚洲的其他国家，如印度、韩国等，也都有自己独特的非物质文化遗产传承和创新模式。印度通过设立专门的非物质文化遗产保护基金，为传统艺术表演者提供经济支持，促进传统艺术的传承。韩国则通过设立“无形文化遗产传承人”制度，对传统技艺的传承人进行认定和支持，同时推动传统文化与现代产业相结合，如旅游业、文化产业等，实现了传统文化的创新性发展。InotherAsiancountries,suchasIndiaandSouthKorea,therearealsouniquemodelsforinheritingandinnovatingintangibleculturalheritage.Indiaprovideseconomicsupporttotraditionalartperformersandpromotestheinheritanceoftraditionalartbyestablishingadedicatedintangibleculturalheritageprotectionfund.SouthKoreahasestablishedasystemof"inheritorsofintangibleculturalheritage"torecognizeandsupporttheinheritorsoftraditionalskills,whilepromotingtheintegrationoftraditionalculturewithmodernindustriessuchastourismandculturalindustries,achievinginnovativedevelopmentoftraditionalculture.国外在非物质文化遗产的传承与创新方面积累了丰富的经验和实践。这些经验和实践不仅为我们提供了宝贵的借鉴和启示，也为我们提供了更广阔的视野和思考空间。在未来的非物质文化遗产保护工作中，我们应该充分借鉴国外的成功经验，结合本国实际，探索出适合自己的传承与创新路径。我们也应该加强国际交流与合作，共同推动非物质文化遗产的保护与传承工作，为构建人类命运共同体贡献智慧和力量。Foreigncountrieshaveaccumulatedrichexperienceandpracticeintheinheritanceandinnovationofintangibleculturalheritage.Theseexperiencesandpracticesnotonlyprovideuswithvaluablereferenceandinspiration,butalsoprovideuswithabroaderperspectiveandthinkingspace.Inthefutureprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,weshouldfullydrawonsuccessfulexperiencesfromabroad,combinewiththeactualsituationofourcountry,andexploresuitableinheritanceandinnovationpathsforourselves.Weshouldalsostrengtheninternationalexchangesandcooperation,jointlypromotetheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,andcontributewisdomandstrengthtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.五、国外非物质文化遗产研究与教育的融合TheIntegrationofForeignIntangibleCulturalHeritageResearchandEducation随着全球对非物质文化遗产的重视度逐渐提升，国外在非物质文化遗产的研究与教育领域也呈现出深度融合的趋势。这种融合不仅体现在理论研究的深度和广度上，更体现在教育实践的多样性和创新性上。Withtheincreasingglobalattentiontointangibleculturalheritage,thereisatrendofdeepintegrationintheresearchandeducationofintangibleculturalheritageabroad.Thisintegrationisnotonlyreflectedinthedepthandbreadthoftheoreticalresearch,butalsointhediversityandinnovationofeducationalpractice.在理论研究方面，国外学者将非物质文化遗产作为一个跨学科的研究领域，将文化学、人类学、社会学、教育学等多学科的理论和方法引入其中。这种跨学科的研究方式，不仅丰富了非物质文化遗产的理论内涵，也为其教育实践提供了坚实的理论基础。Intermsoftheoreticalresearch,foreignscholarsregardintangibleculturalheritageasaninterdisciplinaryresearchfield,introducingtheoriesandmethodsfrommultipledisciplinessuchasculturalstudies,anthropology,sociology,andeducation.Thisinterdisciplinaryresearchapproachnotonlyenrichesthetheoreticalconnotationofintangibleculturalheritage,butalsoprovidesasolidtheoreticalfoundationforitseducationalpractice.在教育实践方面，国外将非物质文化遗产融入教育体系，通过课程设置、教学方法改革等方式，让学生在学习过程中了解和体验非物质文化遗产的价值和意义。同时，还通过校内外实践教学、社区参与等方式，让学生亲身参与非物质文化遗产的保护和传承，增强其文化自信和责任感。Intermsofeducationalpractice,foreigncountrieshaveintegratedintangibleculturalheritageintotheeducationsystem,throughcurriculumdesign,teachingmethodreform,andothermethods,toenablestudentstounderstandandexperiencethevalueandsignificanceofintangibleculturalheritageinthelearningprocess.Atthesametime,throughpracticalteachingbothonandoffcampus,communityparticipation,andothermeans,studentsareencouragedtoparticipateintheprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage,enhancingtheirculturalconfidenceandsenseofresponsibility.国外还积极探索非物质文化遗产研究与教育的国际化合作与交流。通过举办国际研讨会、建立合作项目等方式，推动各国在非物质文化遗产领域的深入交流和合作，共同推动全球非物质文化遗产的保护和传承。Foreigncountriesarealsoactivelyexploringinternationalcooperationandexchangeintheresearchandeducationofintangibleculturalheritage.Byorganizinginternationalseminarsandestablishingcooperativeprojects,weaimtopromotein-depthexchangesandcooperationamongcountriesinthefieldofintangibleculturalheritage,andjointlypromotetheprotectionandinheritanceofglobalintangibleculturalheritage.国外在非物质文化遗产研究与教育的融合方面取得了显著成果。这种融合不仅提升了非物质文化遗产的理论研究水平，也为其教育实践提供了有力支持。也为全球非物质文化遗产的保护和传承提供了新的思路和方法。Significantachievementshavebeenmadeintheintegrationofresearchonintangibleculturalheritageandeducationabroad.Thisintegrationnotonlyenhancesthetheoreticalresearchlevelofintangibleculturalheritage,butalsoprovidesstrongsupportforitseducationalpractice.Italsoprovidesnewideasandmethodsfortheprotectionandinheritanceofglobalintangibleculturalheritage.六、国外非物质文化遗产面临的挑战与问题ChallengesandIssuesFacedbyIntangibleCulturalHeritageAbroad随着全球化进程的加速，国外的非物质文化遗产正面临着前所未有的挑战与问题。这些挑战与问题不仅源于外部环境的变迁，也涉及内部因素的变化，共同构成了非物质文化遗产保护的复杂景观。Withtheaccelerationofglobalization,intangibleculturalheritageabroadisfacingunprecedentedchallengesandproblems.Thesechallengesandproblemsnotonlystemfromchangesintheexternalenvironment,butalsoinvolvechangesininternalfactors,collectivelyformingacomplexlandscapefortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.全球化的浪潮使得不同文化间的交流日益频繁，但同时也带来了文化同质化的风险。许多传统的非物质文化遗产在全球化的大背景下逐渐被边缘化，甚至被标准化、商业化，失去了原有的独特性和文化价值。这种同质化现象不仅削弱了非物质文化遗产的多样性，也威胁到了其长期生存与传承。Thewaveofglobalizationhasmadecommunicationbetweendifferentculturesincreasinglyfrequent,butatthesametime,ithasalsobroughttheriskofculturalhomogenization.Manytraditionalintangibleculturalheritagesaregraduallybeingmarginalized,evenstandardizedandcommercializedinthecontextofglobalization,losingtheiroriginaluniquenessandculturalvalue.Thishomogenizationphenomenonnotonlyweakensthediversityofintangibleculturalheritage,butalsothreatensitslong-termsurvivalandinheritance.随着科技的发展和生活方式的改变，许多传统的非物质文化遗产在日常生活中的应用逐渐减少。年轻一代对传统文化的兴趣减弱，使得非物质文化遗产的传承面临断层的危险。同时，现代社会的快节奏生活也导致人们缺乏时间和精力去学习和体验这些传统文化。Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandchangesinlifestyle,theapplicationofmanytraditionalintangibleculturalheritageindailylifeisgraduallydecreasing.Theweakeninginterestoftheyoungergenerationintraditionalcultureposesariskofdiscontinuityintheinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritage.Atthesametime,thefast-pacedlifestyleinmodernsocietyhasalsoledtoalackoftimeandenergyforpeopletolearnandexperiencethesetraditionalcultures.非物质文化遗产的保护需要大量的资金和资源支持，包括人力、物力、财力等方面。然而，许多国家和地区在非物质文化遗产保护方面的投入不足，导致保护工作难以有效开展。缺乏专业的保护人员、技术设备和资金支持，使得许多珍贵的非物质文化遗产面临消失的风险。Theprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagerequiresalargeamountoffundingandresourcesupport,includinghuman,material,andfinancialresources.However,manycountriesandregionshaveinsufficientinvestmentintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,makingitdifficulttoeffectivelycarryouttheprotectionwork.Lackofprofessionalprotectionpersonnel,technicalequipment,andfinancialsupportputsmanypreciousintangibleculturalheritageatriskofdisappearance.非物质文化遗产的保护需要完善的法律法规和保护机制作为支撑。然而，目前许多国家和地区在非物质文化遗产保护方面的法律法规还不够完善，保护机制也存在诸多漏洞。这导致了非物质文化遗产保护工作的混乱和无序，难以形成有效的保护合力。Theprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagerequiressoundlaws,regulations,andprotectionmechanismsassupport.However,currentlymanycountriesandregionshaveincompletelawsandregulationsontheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,andtherearealsomanyloopholesintheprotectionmechanism.Thishasledtochaosanddisorderintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage,makingitdifficulttoformeffectiveprotectionsynergy.非物质文化遗产的保护需要社会各界的广泛参与和支持。然而，目前许多国家和地区在非物质文化遗产保护方面的社会认知度还不高，公众的参与度也相对较低。这导致了保护工作缺乏足够的社会基础和动力支持，难以形成全民参与的保护氛围。Theprotectionofintangibleculturalheritagerequiresextensiveparticipationandsupportfromallsectorsofsociety.However,currently,manycountriesandregionshavelowsocialawarenessandrelativelylowpublicparticipationintheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritage.Thishasledtoalackofsufficientsocialfoundationandmotivationsupportforprotectionwork,makingitdifficulttoformaprotectiveatmospherewiththeparticipationofthewholepopulation.国外非物质文化遗产面临着多方面的挑战与问题。为了有效应对这些挑战和问题，需要政府、社会各界和公众共同努力，加强合作与交流，形成有效的保护合力。也需要不断创新保护思路和方法，探索适合当地实际的非物质文化遗产保护路径。Theintangibleculturalheritageofforeigncountriesfacesvariouschallengesandproblems.Inordertoeffectivelyaddressthesechallengesandissues,itisnecessaryforthegovernment,allsectorsofsociety,andthepublictoworktogether,strengthencooperationandcommunication,andformaneffectiveprotectiveforce.Itisalsonecessarytoconstantlyinnovateprotectionideasandmethods,andexploresuitablepathsfortheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageinthelocalarea.七、结论与展望ConclusionandOutlook随着全球化的不断推进，非物质文化遗产的保护与传承逐渐受到了国际社会的广泛关注。本文综述了国外非物质文化遗产相关研究的现状和发展趋势，总结了国外学者在非物质文化遗产定义、分类、价值评估、保护策略以及数字化保护等方面的研究成果和贡献。通过对比分析，我们可以发现，尽管各国在非物质文化遗产保护方面存在着一定的差异和特色，但都强调对传统文化的尊重、传承和创新。Withthecontinuousadvancementofglobalization,theprotectionandinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritagehasgraduallyreceivedwidespreadattentionfromtheinternationalcommunity.Thisarticlereviewsthecurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendsofresearchonintangibleculturalheritageinforeigncountries,andsummarizestheresearchachievementsandcontributionsofforeignscholarsinthedefinition,classification,valueevaluation