大型风电场建模综述

大型风电场建模综述一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着全球能源需求的日益增长和环境保护意识的提高，风能作为一种清洁、可再生的能源形式，已经引起了广泛的关注。大型风电场作为风能利用的主要方式之一，其建模研究对于风电场的规划、设计、运行和优化具有重要意义。本文旨在对大型风电场建模的相关研究进行综述，系统梳理建模方法、模型类型、应用场景以及存在的问题和挑战，以期为未来大型风电场的建模研究提供参考和借鉴。Withtheincreasingglobalenergydemandandtheincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,windenergy,asacleanandrenewableformofenergy,hasattractedwidespreadattention.Asoneofthemainwaysofutilizingwindenergy,themodelingresearchoflarge-scalewindfarmsisofgreatsignificancefortheplanning,design,operation,andoptimizationofwindfarms.Thisarticleaimstoprovideanoverviewofrelevantresearchonmodelingoflargewindfarms,systematicallysortingoutmodelingmethods,modeltypes,applicationscenarios,aswellasexistingproblemsandchallenges,inordertoprovidereferenceandinspirationforfuturemodelingresearchoflargewindfarms.本文将首先介绍大型风电场建模的背景和意义，阐述风电场建模的重要性和必要性。接着，将从风电场建模的基本方法和模型类型入手，详细分析各类建模方法的优缺点和适用范围，同时探讨不同模型类型在风电场建模中的应用情况。在此基础上，本文还将综述风电场建模在不同应用场景下的实践案例，包括风电场规划、运行优化、能源管理等方面。Thisarticlewillfirstintroducethebackgroundandsignificanceoflarge-scalewindfarmmodeling,andexplaintheimportanceandnecessityofwindfarmmodeling.Next,wewillstartwiththebasicmethodsandmodeltypesofwindfarmmodeling,andanalyzeindetailtheadvantages,disadvantages,andapplicabilityofvariousmodelingmethods.Atthesametime,wewillexploretheapplicationofdifferentmodeltypesinwindfarmmodeling.Onthisbasis,thisarticlewillalsoreviewpracticalcasesofwindfarmmodelingindifferentapplicationscenarios,includingwindfarmplanning,operationoptimization,energymanagement,andotheraspects.本文还将对大型风电场建模研究中存在的问题和挑战进行深入探讨，如模型精度与复杂度的平衡、多尺度建模的难题、不确定性因素的处理等。本文将展望大型风电场建模的未来发展趋势，提出可能的研究方向和建议，以期推动风电场建模技术的不断进步和应用拓展。Thisarticlewillalsodelveintotheproblemsandchallengesinthemodelingresearchoflarge-scalewindfarms,suchasbalancingmodelaccuracyandcomplexity,thechallengesofmulti-scalemodeling,andthehandlingofuncertaintyfactors.Thisarticlewilllookforwardtothefuturedevelopmenttrendsoflarge-scalewindfarmmodeling,proposepossibleresearchdirectionsandsuggestions,inordertopromotethecontinuousprogressandapplicationexpansionofwindfarmmodelingtechnology.二、风电场建模基础FundamentalsofWindFarmModeling风电场建模是风电能源研究和应用的关键环节，其基础主要包括风电机组的建模、风电场的布局优化以及风电场与电力系统的交互影响分析。Windfarmmodelingisakeylinkintheresearchandapplicationofwindenergy,whichmainlyincludesthemodelingofwindturbines,optimizationofwindfarmlayout,andanalysisoftheinteractionbetweenwindfarmsandpowersystems.风电机组的建模是风电场建模的核心。风电机组主要由风轮、发电机、塔筒、控制系统等部分组成，各部分之间的相互作用和性能特性需要通过数学模型进行准确描述。其中，风轮是风电机组的关键部分，其性能特性直接影响到风电机组的发电效率。因此，风轮的建模需要考虑风轮的空气动力学特性、风轮的机械特性以及风轮与发电机之间的电气特性等多个方面。Themodelingofwindturbinesisthecoreofwindfarmmodeling.Windturbinesaremainlycomposedofwindturbines,generators,towers,controlsystems,andothercomponents.Theinteractionandperformancecharacteristicsbetweeneachcomponentneedtobeaccuratelydescribedthroughmathematicalmodels.Amongthem,thewindturbineisakeypartofthewindturbine,anditsperformancecharacteristicsdirectlyaffectthepowergenerationefficiencyofthewindturbine.Therefore,themodelingofwindturbinesneedstoconsidermultipleaspectssuchastheaerodynamiccharacteristicsoftheturbine,themechanicalcharacteristicsoftheturbine,andtheelectricalcharacteristicsbetweentheturbineandthegenerator.风电场的布局优化也是风电场建模的重要内容。风电场的布局优化需要考虑到地形、气象、电力需求等多个因素，以确保风电场的发电效率和经济效益。在风电场布局优化中，需要建立风电场的风速分布模型、风电机组的性能模型、风电场的电气模型等，以评估风电场的发电能力和经济效益。Thelayoutoptimizationofwindfarmsisalsoanimportantaspectofwindfarmmodeling.Thelayoutoptimizationofwindfarmsneedstoconsidermultiplefactorssuchasterrain,meteorology,andelectricitydemandtoensurethepowergenerationefficiencyandeconomicbenefitsofwindfarms.Intheoptimizationofwindfarmlayout,itisnecessarytoestablishwindspeeddistributionmodels,performancemodelsofwindturbines,andelectricalmodelsofwindfarmstoevaluatethepowergenerationcapacityandeconomicbenefitsofwindfarms.风电场与电力系统的交互影响分析也是风电场建模的重要部分。风电场与电力系统的交互影响主要包括风电场的功率波动对电力系统稳定性的影响、风电场的接入对电力系统电压和频率的影响等。在风电场与电力系统的交互影响分析中，需要建立风电场与电力系统的联合仿真模型，以评估风电场接入电力系统后的运行性能和稳定性。Theanalysisoftheinteractionbetweenwindfarmsandpowersystemsisalsoanimportantpartofwindfarmmodeling.Theinteractionbetweenwindfarmsandpowersystemsmainlyincludestheimpactofpowerfluctuationsinwindfarmsonpowersystemstability,andtheimpactofwindfarmintegrationonpowersystemvoltageandfrequency.Intheanalysisoftheinteractionbetweenwindfarmsandpowersystems,itisnecessarytoestablishajointsimulationmodelofwindfarmsandpowersystemstoevaluatetheoperationalperformanceandstabilityofwindfarmsafterbeingconnectedtothepowersystem.风电场建模的基础包括风电机组的建模、风电场的布局优化以及风电场与电力系统的交互影响分析。这些基础内容的准确性和完整性直接影响到风电场建模的准确性和可靠性，因此需要在风电场建模过程中给予足够的重视。Thefoundationofwindfarmmodelingincludesthemodelingofwindturbines,optimizationofwindfarmlayout,andanalysisoftheinteractionandimpactbetweenwindfarmsandpowersystems.Theaccuracyandcompletenessofthesebasiccontentsdirectlyaffecttheaccuracyandreliabilityofwindfarmmodeling,sosufficientattentionneedstobepaidintheprocessofwindfarmmodeling.三、大型风电场建模的关键因素Keyfactorsinmodelinglarge-scalewindfarms大型风电场建模是一个复杂且需要综合考虑多种因素的过程。在构建精确且实用的风电场模型时，以下几个关键因素必须得到充分考虑。Themodelingoflarge-scalewindfarmsisacomplexprocessthatrequirescomprehensiveconsiderationofmultiplefactors.Whenconstructinganaccurateandpracticalwindfarmmodel,thefollowingkeyfactorsmustbefullyconsidered.首先是风电机组的类型和特性。不同的风电机组在设计、性能、以及运行特性上可能存在显著差异，因此在建模时需要详细了解和考虑这些因素。模型应能准确反映风电机组的发电效率、运行稳定性以及可能存在的故障模式。Firstly,thetypesandcharacteristicsofwindturbines.Differentwindturbinesmayhavesignificantdifferencesindesign,performance,andoperationalcharacteristics,soitisnecessarytohaveadetailedunderstandingandconsiderationofthesefactorswhenmodeling.Themodelshouldaccuratelyreflectthepowergenerationefficiency,operationalstability,andpossiblefaultmodesofwindturbines.其次是风电场的布局和地形条件。风电场的布局决定了风电机组之间的相对位置，而地形条件（如海拔高度、地形粗糙度等）则直接影响风速和风向的分布。这些因素对于风电场整体的发电能力和稳定性具有重要影响，因此在建模过程中必须充分考虑。Nextisthelayoutandterrainconditionsofthewindfarm.Thelayoutofwindfarmsdeterminestherelativepositionsofwindturbines,whileterrainconditions(suchasaltitude,terrainroughness,etc.)directlyaffectthedistributionofwindspeedanddirection.Thesefactorshaveasignificantimpactontheoverallpowergenerationcapacityandstabilityofwindfarms,sotheymustbefullyconsideredinthemodelingprocess.再者是气象条件和风的特性。风是风电场运行的主要动力来源，其特性（如风速分布、风向变化、湍流强度等）直接影响风电场的发电效率和稳定性。因此，在建模过程中需要详细分析和研究风电场所在地的气象条件，以建立能准确反映实际情况的风模型。Furthermore,itisthecharacteristicsofmeteorologicalconditionsandwind.Windisthemainsourceofpowerfortheoperationofwindfarms,anditscharacteristics(suchaswindspeeddistribution,winddirectionchanges,turbulenceintensity,etc.)directlyaffectthepowergenerationefficiencyandstabilityofwindfarms.Therefore,inthemodelingprocess,itisnecessarytoanalyzeandstudythemeteorologicalconditionsofthelocationofthewindfarmindetail,inordertoestablishawindmodelthatcanaccuratelyreflecttheactualsituation.电网接入和电力传输也是建模过程中需要考虑的重要因素。风电场的电力输出需要接入电网，而电网的稳定性和传输能力直接影响风电场的运行。在建模过程中，需要详细分析风电场与电网的接口问题，以确保模型能准确反映风电场在实际运行中的电力输出和稳定性。Gridaccessandpowertransmissionarealsoimportantfactorstoconsiderinthemodelingprocess.Thepoweroutputofwindfarmsneedstobeconnectedtothegrid,andthestabilityandtransmissioncapacityofthegriddirectlyaffecttheoperationofwindfarms.Inthemodelingprocess,itisnecessarytoanalyzetheinterfaceissuesbetweenthewindfarmandthepowergridindetailtoensurethatthemodelcanaccuratelyreflectthepoweroutputandstabilityofthewindfarminactualoperation.经济性因素也是建模过程中不可忽视的一部分。风电场的建模不仅需要满足技术要求，还需要考虑经济因素，如投资成本、运行维护成本、以及长期收益等。在建模过程中，需要综合考虑这些因素，以制定出既满足技术要求又经济合理的风电场模型。Economicfactorsarealsoanindispensablepartofthemodelingprocess.Themodelingofwindfarmsnotonlyneedstomeettechnicalrequirements,butalsoneedstoconsidereconomicfactorssuchasinvestmentcosts,operationandmaintenancecosts,andlong-termbenefits.Inthemodelingprocess,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsiderthesefactorsinordertodevelopawindfarmmodelthatmeetsbothtechnicalrequirementsandiseconomicallyreasonable.大型风电场建模的关键因素包括风电机组的类型和特性、风电场的布局和地形条件、气象条件和风的特性、电网接入和电力传输以及经济性因素等。在建模过程中，需要全面考虑这些因素，以确保所建立的模型能准确反映风电场的实际情况，为风电场的规划、设计、运行和维护提供有力支持。Thekeyfactorsformodelinglargewindfarmsincludethetypeandcharacteristicsofwindturbines,thelayoutandterrainconditionsofthewindfarm,meteorologicalconditionsandwindcharacteristics,gridconnectionandpowertransmission,andeconomicfactors.Inthemodelingprocess,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsiderthesefactorstoensurethattheestablishedmodelcanaccuratelyreflecttheactualsituationofthewindfarm,providingstrongsupportfortheplanning,design,operation,andmaintenanceofthewindfarm.四、大型风电场建模方法Modelingmethodsforlarge-scalewindfarms大型风电场建模是一个复杂且关键的过程，它要求我们对风电场的整体运行特性和风电机组的特性有深入的理解。在建模过程中，需要采用一系列的方法和工具来准确地模拟风电场的性能。Modelinglarge-scalewindfarmsisacomplexandcriticalprocessthatrequiresustohaveadeepunderstandingoftheoveralloperationalcharacteristicsofwindfarmsandthecharacteristicsofwindturbines.Inthemodelingprocess,aseriesofmethodsandtoolsneedtobeusedtoaccuratelysimulatetheperformanceofwindfarms.风电机组模型是风电场模型的基础。通常，风电机组模型包括空气动力学模型、电气系统模型、控制系统模型等。空气动力学模型用于模拟风电机组在风作用下的性能，包括风能捕获、叶片动力学等。电气系统模型则关注风电机组的电能生成和转换过程。控制系统模型则模拟风电机组的运行控制策略，如最大功率追踪、风速限制等。Thewindturbinemodelisthefoundationofthewindfarmmodel.Usually,windturbinemodelsincludeaerodynamicmodels,electricalsystemmodels,controlsystemmodels,etc.Aerodynamicmodelsareusedtosimulatetheperformanceofwindturbinesunderwindaction,includingwindenergycapture,bladedynamics,etc.Theelectricalsystemmodelfocusesontheenergygenerationandconversionprocessofwindturbines.Thecontrolsystemmodelsimulatestheoperationalcontrolstrategiesofwindturbines,suchasmaximumpowertracking,windspeedlimitation,etc.风电场布局模型考虑风电场中各个风电机组的布局和相互作用。布局的优化对于风电场的效率有重要影响。该模型需要考虑到地形、风速分布、风向变化等因素，以优化风电场的布局，最大化风电场的总发电量。Thewindfarmlayoutmodelconsidersthelayoutandinteractionofvariouswindturbinesinthewindfarm.Theoptimizationoflayouthasasignificantimpactontheefficiencyofwindfarms.Themodelneedstoconsiderfactorssuchasterrain,windspeeddistribution,andwinddirectionchangestooptimizethelayoutofthewindfarmandmaximizethetotalpowergenerationofthewindfarm.风电场电气系统模型关注风电场内部的电气连接和电能传输。这包括风电机组之间的电气连接、风电场与电网的连接等。该模型需要考虑到电气系统的稳定性、电能质量等因素，以确保风电场的正常运行。Thewindfarmelectricalsystemmodelfocusesontheelectricalconnectionsandenergytransmissionwithinthewindfarm.Thisincludeselectricalconnectionsbetweenwindturbines,connectionsbetweenwindfarmsandthepowergrid,etc.Thismodelneedstoconsiderfactorssuchasthestabilityoftheelectricalsystemandpowerqualitytoensurethenormaloperationofthewindfarm.在建立了风电机组模型、风电场布局模型和风电场电气系统模型后，需要进行风电场的仿真与评估。这包括使用仿真软件对风电场在各种运行条件下的性能进行模拟，评估风电场的发电量、运行稳定性等指标。通过仿真与评估，可以对风电场的设计和运行策略进行优化。Afterestablishingthewindturbinemodel,windfarmlayoutmodel,andwindfarmelectricalsystemmodel,itisnecessarytoconductsimulationandevaluationofthewindfarm.Thisincludesusingsimulationsoftwaretosimulatetheperformanceofwindfarmsundervariousoperatingconditions,evaluatingindicatorssuchaspowergenerationandoperationalstabilityofthewindfarm.Throughsimulationandevaluation,thedesignandoperationstrategiesofwindfarmscanbeoptimized.随着数据科学的发展，数据驱动建模方法在风电场建模中的应用越来越广泛。数据驱动建模方法基于风电场的运行数据，利用机器学习、深度学习等技术，构建风电场的模型。这种方法可以更准确地模拟风电场的实际运行情况，对风电场的性能进行更准确的预测和评估。Withthedevelopmentofdatascience,theapplicationofdata-drivenmodelingmethodsinwindfarmmodelingisbecomingincreasinglywidespread.Thedata-drivenmodelingmethodisbasedontheoperationaldataofwindfarmsandutilizestechniquessuchasmachinelearninganddeeplearningtoconstructamodelofthewindfarm.Thismethodcanmoreaccuratelysimulatetheactualoperationofwindfarms,andmakemoreaccuratepredictionsandevaluationsoftheperformanceofwindfarms.大型风电场建模是一个涉及多个方面的复杂过程。在建模过程中，需要采用多种方法和工具，以准确模拟风电场的性能和运行情况。随着技术的进步，新的建模方法如数据驱动建模方法正在得到广泛应用，这将为风电场的设计和运行提供更强大的支持。Themodelingoflarge-scalewindfarmsisacomplexprocessinvolvingmultipleaspects.Inthemodelingprocess,multiplemethodsandtoolsneedtobeusedtoaccuratelysimulatetheperformanceandoperationofwindfarms.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,newmodelingmethodssuchasdata-drivenmodelingarebeingwidelyapplied,whichwillprovidestrongersupportforthedesignandoperationofwindfarms.五、大型风电场建模的应用与挑战Theapplicationandchallengesofmodelinglarge-scalewindfarms随着全球对可再生能源的需求日益增长，大型风电场建模在风电行业中的应用变得越来越广泛。这些应用涵盖了风电场的规划、设计、运行优化、能量管理以及故障预测等方面。然而，与此大型风电场建模也面临着诸多挑战。Withtheincreasingglobaldemandforrenewableenergy,theapplicationoflarge-scalewindfarmmodelinginthewindpowerindustryhasbecomeincreasinglywidespread.Theseapplicationscovertheplanning,design,operationoptimization,energymanagement,andfaultpredictionofwindfarms.However,modelinglarge-scalewindfarmsalsofacesmanychallenges.风电场规划与设计：建模技术用于评估不同风电场布局的风能资源，优化风电机组的排列，以提高整体发电效率。WindFarmPlanningandDesign:Modelingtechniquesareusedtoevaluatethewindenergyresourcesofdifferentwindfarmlayouts,optimizethearrangementofwindturbines,andimproveoverallpowergenerationefficiency.运行优化与能量管理：通过实时数据监控和模型预测，实现风电场的智能调度，确保电网稳定供电。Operationoptimizationandenergymanagement:Throughreal-timedatamonitoringandmodelprediction,intelligentschedulingofwindfarmsisachievedtoensurestablepowersupplytothepowergrid.故障预测与维护：利用历史数据和先进算法，对风电场设备可能出现的故障进行预测，减少停机时间，提高设备可用率。Faultpredictionandmaintenance:Usinghistoricaldataandadvancedalgorithmstopredictpotentialfaultsinwindfarmequipment,reducedowntime,andimproveequipmentavailability.复杂性增加：随着风电场规模的不断扩大，建模的复杂性也相应增加，需要更高精度的数据和更强大的计算能力。Complexityincreases:Asthescaleofwindfarmscontinuestoexpand,thecomplexityofmodelingalsoincreases,requiringhigherprecisiondataandstrongercomputingpower.环境因素影响：风速、风向、湍流等气象条件的变化对风电场性能有着直接影响，如何在模型中准确考虑这些因素是一大挑战。Environmentalfactorsinfluence:Changesinmeteorologicalconditionssuchaswindspeed,direction,andturbulencehaveadirectimpactontheperformanceofwindfarms.Accuratelyconsideringthesefactorsinthemodelisamajorchallenge.技术更新与标准统一：随着风电技术的快速发展，建模方法和标准需要不断更新和统一，以确保模型的准确性和可靠性。Technologicalupdatesandstandardization:Withtherapiddevelopmentofwindpowertechnology,modelingmethodsandstandardsneedtobeconstantlyupdatedandunifiedtoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofthemodel.数据获取与处理：获取准确、全面的风电场数据是建模的基础，而在实际操作中，数据的质量和完整性往往难以保证。Dataacquisitionandprocessing:Obtainingaccurateandcomprehensivewindfarmdataisthefoundationofmodeling,butinpracticaloperations,thequalityandcompletenessofdataareoftendifficulttoensure.经济与社会因素：风电场的建设和运营受到经济成本、政策环境和社会接受度等多重因素影响，这些因素需要在建模中综合考虑。Economicandsocialfactors:Theconstructionandoperationofwindfarmsareinfluencedbymultiplefactorssuchaseconomiccosts,policyenvironment,andsocialacceptance,whichneedtobecomprehensivelyconsideredinmodeling.大型风电场建模在风电行业中的应用广泛而重要，但同时也面临着诸多挑战。未来，随着技术的进步和方法的完善，相信大型风电场建模将在风电行业的发展中发挥更大的作用。Themodelingoflarge-scalewindfarmsiswidelyandimportantinthewindpowerindustry,butitalsofacesmanychallenges.Inthefuture,withtheadvancementoftechnologyandtheimprovementofmethods,itisbelievedthatlarge-scalewindfarmmodelingwillplayagreaterroleinthedevelopmentofthewindpowerindustry.六、大型风电场建模的发展趋势与展望TheDevelopmentTrendsandProspectsofLargeWindFarmModeling随着全球能源结构的转型和可再生能源的大力发展，大型风电场建模技术作为风电行业的重要组成部分，其发展趋势和展望显得尤为重要。在未来，大型风电场建模将朝着更高精度、更高效率、更智能化的方向发展。Withthetransformationoftheglobalenergystructureandthevigorousdevelopmentofrenewableenergy,themodelingtechnologyoflarge-scalewindfarms,asanimportantcomponentofthewindpowerindustry,itsdevelopmenttrendsandprospectsareparticularlyimportant.Inthefuture,modelingoflargewindfarmswilldeveloptowardshigheraccuracy,efficiency,andintelligence.第一，建模精度将进一步提高。随着计算机技术的快速发展，大型风电场建模的精度将越来越高。未来的建模技术将更加注重考虑风电场实际运行中的复杂因素，如地形、气候、风电机组之间的相互影响等，以提高模型的准确性和可靠性。Firstly,themodelingaccuracywillbefurtherimproved.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,theaccuracyofmodelinglargewindfarmswillbecomeincreasinglyhigh.Futuremodelingtechniqueswillpaymoreattentiontoconsideringcomplexfactorsintheactualoperationofwindfarms,suchasterrain,climate,andthemutualinfluencebetweenwindturbines,inordertoimprovetheaccuracyandreliabilityofthemodel.第二，建模效率将得到提升。建模效率的提升主要得益于云计算、大数据等先进技术的应用。通过这些技术，可以实现风电场数据的快速处理和建模，从而提高建模效率，缩短建模周期。Secondly,modelingefficiencywillbeimproved.Theimprovementinmodelingefficiencyismainlyduetotheapplicationofadvancedtechnologiessuchascloudcomputingandbigdata.Throughthesetechnologies,rapidprocessingandmodelingofwindfarmdatacanbeachieved,therebyimprovingmodelingefficiencyandshorteningmodelingcycles.第三，智能化建模将成为主流。随着技术的快速发展，智能化建模将成为大型风电场建模的重要发展方向。智能化建模将能够实现自动化建模、智能优化等功能，进一步提高建模的效率和精度。Thirdly,intelligentmodelingwillbecomemainstream.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,intelligentmodelingwillbecomeanimportantdirectionforthemodelingoflargewindfarms.Intelligentmodelingwillbeabletoachievefunctionssuchasautomatedmodelingandintelligentoptimization,furtherimprovingtheefficiencyandaccuracyofmodeling.展望未来，大型风电场建模技术将在能源互联网、智能电网等领域发挥更加重要的作用。随着新能源技术的不断发展，风电场建模技术也将面临新的挑战和机遇。因此，我们需要继续加强研究，不断提高建模技术的水平和能力，为风电行业的发展做出更大的贡献。Lookingforwardtothefuture,large-scalewindfarmmodelingtechnologywillplayamoreimportantroleinenergyInternet,smartgridandotherfields.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnewenergytechnology,windfarmmodelingtechnologywillalsofacenewchallengesandopportunities.Therefore,weneedtocontinuetostrengthenresearch,continuouslyimprovethelevelandabilityofmodelingtechnology,andmakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofthewindpowerindustry.七、结论Conclusion随着全球对可再生能源需求的日益增长，大型风电场在能源结构中的地位愈发重要。本文综述了大型风电场建模的关键技术和方法，从物理模型到数字模型，再到先进的仿真和预测模型，全面展示了风电场建模的发展历程和现状。Withtheincreasingglobaldemandforrenewableenergy,thepositionoflargewindfarmsintheenergystructureisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofthekeytechnologiesandmethodsformodelinglargewindfarms,fromphysicalmodelstodigitalmodels,andthentoadvancedsimulati