中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式及其权力关系研究以皖南西递村与宏村为例

中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式及其权力关系研究以皖南西递村与宏村为例一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着旅游业的快速发展，中国古村落的旅游开发逐渐成为推动地方经济、文化和社会发展的重要力量。然而，在旅游开发过程中，如何保持古村落的历史风貌和文化特色，同时实现可持续发展，成为亟待解决的问题。本文旨在探讨中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式及其权力关系，以皖南的西递村和宏村为例进行深入分析。Withtherapiddevelopmentofthetourismindustry,thetourismdevelopmentofancientChinesevillageshasgraduallybecomeanimportantforceinpromotinglocaleconomic,cultural,andsocialdevelopment.However,intheprocessoftourismdevelopment,howtomaintainthehistoricalstyleandculturalcharacteristicsofancientvillageswhileachievingsustainabledevelopmenthasbecomeanurgentproblemtobesolved.Thisarticleaimstoexplorethe"communalization"developmentmodelanditspowerrelationshipofancientvillagetourisminChina,usingXidiVillageandHongcuninsouthernAnhuiasexamplesforin-depthanalysis.本文首先概述了古村落旅游开发的重要性和现状，指出了当前旅游开发中存在的问题和挑战。在此基础上，提出了“公社化”开发模式的概念，并详细阐述了该模式的内涵和特点。通过对西递村和宏村的实地调查和案例分析，本文深入探讨了“公社化”开发模式在古村落旅游中的应用及其效果，分析了该模式在保护历史文化、促进地方经济、增强社区凝聚力等方面的积极作用。Thisarticlefirstoutlinestheimportanceandcurrentsituationoftourismdevelopmentinancientvillages,andpointsouttheproblemsandchallengesincurrenttourismdevelopment.Onthisbasis,theconceptof"communization"developmentmodelwasproposed,andtheconnotationandcharacteristicsofthismodelwereelaboratedindetail.Throughon-siteinvestigationsandcaseanalysisofXidiVillageandHongcun,thisarticledelvesintotheapplicationandeffectivenessofthe"communization"developmentmodelinancientvillagetourism,andanalyzesitspositiveroleinprotectinghistoricalculture,promotinglocaleconomy,andenhancingcommunitycohesion.本文还关注了“公社化”开发模式下的权力关系问题。通过对西递村和宏村的权力结构、利益分配等方面进行深入剖析，揭示了不同利益相关者之间的复杂关系及其影响。本文认为，在“公社化”开发模式下，应当注重平衡各方利益，加强社区参与和民主决策，以确保古村落旅游的可持续发展。Thisarticlealsofocusesontheissueofpowerrelationsunderthe"communization"developmentmodel.Throughin-depthanalysisofthepowerstructureandbenefitdistributionofXidiVillageandHongcun,thecomplexrelationshipsandtheirimpactsamongdifferentstakeholderswererevealed.Thisarticlebelievesthatunderthe"communization"developmentmodel,attentionshouldbepaidtobalancingtheinterestsofallparties,strengtheningcommunityparticipationanddemocraticdecision-making,inordertoensurethesustainabledevelopmentofancientvillagetourism.本文总结了“公社化”开发模式在古村落旅游中的优势与不足，提出了进一步完善该模式的建议。本文也指出了未来研究方向和可能的发展趋势，以期为中国古村落旅游的可持续发展提供有益参考。Thisarticlesummarizestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthe"communization"developmentmodelinancientvillagetourism,andputsforwardsuggestionsforfurtherimprovingthismodel.Thisarticlealsopointsoutfutureresearchdirectionsandpossibledevelopmenttrends,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforthesustainabledevelopmentoftourisminancientChinesevillages.二、理论框架与研究方法Theoreticalframeworkandresearchmethods本研究以权力关系和社会学理论为框架，深入剖析中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式背后的权力运行机制。采用福柯的权力观作为理论支撑，认为权力不仅仅是统治者的专属，而是弥漫在社会各个角落，通过各种方式影响人们的行为和思维。在此基础上，本研究进一步引入布尔迪厄的场域理论，将古村落旅游开发视为一个复杂的权力场，其中涉及地方政府、投资者、村民、游客等多个利益相关者，他们各自拥有不同的资本（如经济资本、文化资本、社会资本等），并通过不同的策略在权力场中争夺话语权和利益。Thisstudytakespowerrelationsandsociologicaltheoriesastheframeworktodeeplyanalyzethepoweroperationmechanismbehindthe"communalization"developmentmodeloftourisminancientChinesevillages.UsingFoucault'sviewofpowerastheoreticalsupport,itisbelievedthatpowerisnotonlyexclusivetorulers,butpermeateseverycornerofsociety,influencingpeople'sbehaviorandthinkingthroughvariousmeans.Onthisbasis,thisstudyfurtherintroducesBourdieu'sfieldtheory,viewingthedevelopmentofancientvillagetourismasacomplexpowerfield,involvingmultiplestakeholderssuchaslocalgovernments,investors,villagers,tourists,etc.,eachwithdifferentcapital(suchaseconomiccapital,culturalcapital,socialcapital,etc.),andcompetingfordiscoursepowerandinterestsinthepowerfieldthroughdifferentstrategies.（1）文献分析法：通过收集和分析国内外关于古村落旅游开发、权力关系、社会学理论等方面的文献，为本研究提供理论支撑和背景知识。(1)Literatureanalysismethod:Bycollectingandanalyzingdomesticandforeignliteratureonthedevelopmentofancientvillagetourism,powerrelations,sociologicaltheories,etc.,providetheoreticalsupportandbackgroundknowledgeforthisstudy.（2）案例研究法：选择皖南地区的西递村和宏村作为典型案例，通过实地调研、深度访谈、参与观察等方式，收集一手资料，揭示古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式的运行机制和存在的问题。(2)Casestudymethod:XidiVillageandHongcunVillageinsouthernAnhuiProvincewereselectedastypicalcases.Throughfieldresearch,in-depthinterviews,andparticipatoryobservation,first-handinformationwascollectedtorevealtheoperationalmechanismandexistingproblemsofthe"communalization"developmentmodelforancientvillagetourism.（3）社会网络分析：运用社会网络分析方法，对古村落旅游开发中的权力关系进行可视化呈现，揭示不同利益相关者之间的权力结构和互动关系。(3)Socialnetworkanalysis:Usingsocialnetworkanalysismethods,visualizethepowerrelationshipsinthedevelopmentofancientvillagetourism,andrevealthepowerstructuresandinteractiverelationshipsamongdifferentstakeholders.（4）定量分析法：通过问卷调查、统计数据等方式，收集关于古村落旅游开发的社会经济影响、游客满意度、村民参与度等方面的数据，运用统计软件进行数据分析，为本研究提供实证支持。(4)Quantitativeanalysismethod:Collectdataonthesocio-economicimpact,touristsatisfaction,andvillageparticipationofancientvillagetourismdevelopmentthroughquestionnairesurveys,statisticaldata,andothermethods.Usestatisticalsoftwarefordataanalysistoprovideempiricalsupportforthisstudy.本研究力求通过综合运用多种研究方法，全面、深入地揭示中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式的权力关系及其运行机制，为相关政策的制定和实践提供理论支撑和决策参考。Thisstudyaimstocomprehensivelyanddeeplyrevealthepowerrelationshipandoperatingmechanismofthe"communalization"developmentmodeloftourisminancientChinesevillagesthroughthecomprehensiveapplicationofvariousresearchmethods,providingtheoreticalsupportanddecision-makingreferencefortheformulationandpracticeofrelevantpolicies.三、西递村与宏村旅游开发背景BackgroundoftourismdevelopmentinXidiVillageandHongcunVillage位于中国安徽省南部的西递村和宏村，是典型的中国古村落，以其独特的建筑风貌、丰富的历史文化和深厚的传统底蕴，吸引了大量游客的目光。这两个村落的旅游开发背景，既包含了地理环境的优越性，也体现了国家政策和地方发展的需求。XidiVillageandHongcun,locatedinthesouthernpartofAnhuiProvince,China,aretypicalancientChinesevillagesthathaveattractedalargenumberoftouristswiththeiruniquearchitecturalstyle,richhistoricalandculturalheritage,andprofoundtraditionalheritage.Thetourismdevelopmentbackgroundofthesetwovillagesnotonlyincludesthesuperiorityofthegeographicalenvironment,butalsoreflectstheneedsofnationalpoliciesandlocaldevelopment.西递村和宏村所在的皖南地区，自然风光秀丽，山水相依，为旅游业的发展提供了得天独厚的条件。村落中保存完好的明清古建筑群，以及独特的徽派建筑风格，成为了吸引游客的重要资源。这些建筑不仅展示了中国古代建筑艺术的魅力，也反映了当地人民的生活方式和历史文化。ThesouthernAnhuiregion,whereXidiVillageandHongcunarelocated,boastsbeautifulnaturalsceneryandinterdependentmountainsandrivers,providinguniqueconditionsforthedevelopmentoftourismindustry.ThewellpreservedMingandQingancientarchitecturalcomplexesinthevillage,aswellastheuniqueHuizhouarchitecturalstyle,havebecomeimportantresourcestoattracttourists.ThesebuildingsnotonlyshowcasethecharmofancientChinesearchitecturalart,butalsoreflectthelifestyleandhistoricalcultureofthelocalpeople.随着中国经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，旅游业逐渐成为国民经济的重要支柱。国家对于旅游业的发展给予了高度的重视和支持，出台了一系列政策措施，鼓励各地发展旅游业。在这样的背景下，西递村和宏村的旅游开发应运而生，成为了地方经济发展的重要途径。WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,thetourismindustryhasgraduallybecomeanimportantpillarofthenationaleconomy.Thecountryhasattachedgreatimportanceandsupporttothedevelopmentofthetourismindustry,andhasintroducedaseriesofpolicymeasurestoencouragethedevelopmentoftourisminvariousregions.Inthiscontext,thetourismdevelopmentofXidiVillageandHongcunhasemergedasanimportantwayforlocaleconomicdevelopment.地方政府和村民们对于旅游开发的积极态度，也是西递村和宏村旅游开发的重要推动力量。地方政府通过制定旅游发展规划、完善基础设施、推广旅游产品等方式，积极推动当地旅游业的发展。村民们也积极参与到旅游开发中，通过提供旅游服务、销售旅游商品等方式，分享旅游业带来的红利。ThepositiveattitudeoflocalgovernmentsandvillagerstowardstourismdevelopmentisalsoanimportantdrivingforceforthetourismdevelopmentofXidiVillageandHongcun.Localgovernmentsactivelypromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourismindustrybyformulatingtourismdevelopmentplans,improvinginfrastructure,andpromotingtourismproducts.Villagersalsoactivelyparticipateintourismdevelopment,sharingthedividendsbroughtbythetourismindustrythroughprovidingtourismservices,sellingtourismproducts,andothermeans.因此，西递村和宏村的旅游开发背景是多方面的，既有地理环境的优越性，也有国家政策和地方发展的需求，还有地方政府和村民们的积极态度。这些因素共同构成了这两个古村落旅游开发的动力和条件。Therefore,thetourismdevelopmentbackgroundofXidiVillageandHongcunismultifaceted,includingtheadvantagesofgeographicalenvironment,theneedsofnationalpoliciesandlocaldevelopment,andthepositiveattitudeoflocalgovernmentsandvillagers.Thesefactorstogetherconstitutethedrivingforceandconditionsforthetourismdevelopmentofthesetwoancientvillages.四、公社化开发模式下的权力关系分析AnAnalysisofPowerRelationsundertheCommuneDevelopmentModel在公社化开发模式下，中国古村落旅游的权力关系呈现出一种复杂而多元的结构。以皖南的西递村和宏村为例，我们可以发现，这种权力关系主要体现在地方政府、旅游开发公司、村民以及非政府组织等多个主体之间。Underthecommunedevelopmentmodel,thepowerrelationshipoftourisminancientChinesevillagespresentsacomplexanddiversestructure.TakingXidiandHongcuninsouthernAnhuiasexamples,wecanfindthatthispowerrelationshipismainlyreflectedamongmultipleentitiessuchaslocalgovernments,tourismdevelopmentcompanies,villagers,andnon-governmentalorganizations.地方政府在古村落旅游开发中起着主导和推动作用。他们负责制定和执行旅游政策，提供基础设施建设和资金支持，推动古村落的旅游业发展。然而，地方政府在追求经济增长和旅游业繁荣的同时，也可能忽视对古村落文化遗产的保护，导致过度开发和商业化。Localgovernmentsplayaleadingandpromotingroleinthedevelopmentoftourisminancientvillages.Theyareresponsibleforformulatingandimplementingtourismpolicies,providinginfrastructureconstructionandfinancialsupport,andpromotingthedevelopmentoftourisminancientvillages.However,whilepursuingeconomicgrowthandtourismprosperity,localgovernmentsmayalsooverlooktheprotectionofculturalheritageinancientvillages,leadingtoexcessivedevelopmentandcommercialization.旅游开发公司则是古村落旅游开发的主要执行者。他们负责旅游产品的设计、营销和管理，与地方政府合作共同推动古村落旅游业的发展。然而，旅游开发公司在追求经济利益的过程中，可能会忽视对古村落文化遗产的保护，甚至可能损害村民的利益。Tourismdevelopmentcompaniesarethemainexecutorsoftourismdevelopmentinancientvillages.Theyareresponsibleforthedesign,marketing,andmanagementoftourismproducts,andworktogetherwithlocalgovernmentstopromotethedevelopmentofancientvillagetourismindustry.However,inthepursuitofeconomicbenefits,tourismdevelopmentcompaniesmayoverlooktheprotectionofculturalheritageinancientvillages,andmayevenharmtheinterestsofvillagers.村民是古村落旅游开发的重要参与者。他们既是古村落文化遗产的继承者和守护者，也是旅游业发展的受益者。然而，在实际开发中，村民往往处于弱势地位，他们的权益往往被忽视或侵犯。例如，一些村民可能会被迫搬迁或失去土地，他们的文化遗产也可能被过度商业化。Villagersareimportantparticipantsinthedevelopmentofancientvillagetourism.Theyarenotonlyinheritorsandguardiansoftheculturalheritageofancientvillages,butalsobeneficiariesofthedevelopmentoftourismindustry.However,inactualdevelopment,villagersareofteninadisadvantagedposition,andtheirrightsareoftenoverlookedorinfringedupon.Forexample,somevillagersmaybeforcedtorelocateorlosetheirland,andtheirculturalheritagemayalsobeexcessivelycommercialized.非政府组织在古村落旅游开发中发挥着监督和倡导的作用。他们关注古村落文化遗产的保护和村民的权益，对旅游开发进行监督和评估，推动旅游业的可持续发展。然而，非政府组织在实际操作中也可能面临资金短缺、影响力有限等困境。Nongovernmentalorganizationsplayasupervisoryandadvocacyroleinthedevelopmentoftourisminancientvillages.Theypayattentiontotheprotectionofculturalheritageinancientvillagesandtherightsandinterestsofvillagers,superviseandevaluatetourismdevelopment,andpromotethesustainabledevelopmentofthetourismindustry.However,non-governmentalorganizationsmayalsofacedifficultiessuchasfundingshortagesandlimitedinfluenceinpracticaloperations.公社化开发模式下的权力关系呈现出一种复杂而多元的结构。地方政府、旅游开发公司、村民以及非政府组织等多个主体之间既有合作也有冲突。为了实现古村落旅游的可持续发展和文化遗产的保护，需要建立一种更加平衡和公正的权力关系。这包括加强地方政府的监管和协调能力，推动旅游开发公司与村民的平等合作，提高村民的参与度和话语权，以及加强非政府组织的监督和倡导作用。也需要建立更加完善的法律法规和政策体系，为古村落旅游的可持续发展提供制度保障。Thepowerrelationshipunderthecommunedevelopmentmodelpresentsacomplexanddiversestructure.Therearebothcooperationandconflictsamongmultipleentitiessuchaslocalgovernments,tourismdevelopmentcompanies,villagers,andnon-governmentalorganizations.Inordertoachievesustainabledevelopmentofancientvillagetourismandprotectionofculturalheritage,itisnecessarytoestablishamorebalancedandjustpowerrelationship.Thisincludesstrengtheningtheregulatoryandcoordinationcapabilitiesoflocalgovernments,promotingequalcooperationbetweentourismdevelopmentcompaniesandvillagers,increasingtheparticipationandvoiceofvillagers,andstrengtheningthesupervisionandadvocacyroleofnon-governmentalorganizations.Itisalsonecessarytoestablishamorecomprehensivelegal,regulatory,andpolicysystemtoprovideinstitutionalguaranteesforthesustainabledevelopmentofancientvillagetourism.五、案例分析Caseanalysis在皖南的古村落中，西递村与宏村是两个极具代表性的旅游开发案例。这两个村落都位于黄山脚下，拥有丰富的自然和人文资源，同时也是中国传统文化的重要载体。然而，在旅游开发的过程中，两村所采取的模式和所面临的权力关系却各具特色。IntheancientvillagesofsouthernAnhui,XidiVillageandHongcunaretwohighlyrepresentativecasesoftourismdevelopment.ThesetwovillagesarelocatedatthefootofMountHuangshanMountain,withrichnaturalandculturalresources,andarealsoimportantcarriersofChinesetraditionalculture.However,intheprocessoftourismdevelopment,themodelsadoptedbythetwovillagesandthepowerrelationshipstheyfaceeachhavetheirowncharacteristics.西递村在旅游开发上采取了较为典型的“公社化”模式。村委会在开发过程中扮演了主导角色，统一规划、统一管理，注重保护村落的整体风貌和文化特色。通过与旅游公司合作，实现了对游客的接待和服务，同时也为村民提供了就业机会。在这种模式下，权力关系相对集中，村委会在决策和执行层面具有较大的话语权。然而，这也导致了一些问题，如村民参与度不高、利益分配不均等。XidiVillagehasadoptedatypical"communization"modelintourismdevelopment.Thevillagecommitteeplayedaleadingroleinthedevelopmentprocess,unifyingplanningandmanagement,andemphasizingtheprotectionoftheoverallstyleandculturalcharacteristicsofthevillage.Bycooperatingwithtourismcompanies,wehaveachievedthereceptionandserviceoftourists,whilealsoprovidingemploymentopportunitiesforvillagers.Inthismode,powerrelationsarerelativelyconcentrated,andthevillagecommitteehasasignificantvoiceindecision-makingandimplementation.However,thishasalsoledtosomeproblems,suchaslowparticipationofvillagersandunequaldistributionofbenefits.相比之下，宏村的旅游开发模式则更加注重市场化运作。私人企业和个体户在旅游开发中占据了主导地位，他们通过租赁房屋、经营餐馆、售卖纪念品等方式获取收益。这种模式下的权力关系较为分散，村委会在旅游开发中的影响力有限。虽然市场化运作在一定程度上促进了村落的经济发展，但也带来了一些负面影响，如传统建筑风貌的破坏、商业氛围的过度浓厚等。Incontrast,Hongcun'stourismdevelopmentmodelplacesmoreemphasisonmarket-orientedoperations.Privateenterprisesandindividualbusinessesdominatetourismdevelopment,earningprofitsthroughrentinghouses,operatingrestaurants,andsellingsouvenirs.Underthismodel,thepowerrelationshipisrelativelydispersed,andtheinfluenceofvillagecommitteesintourismdevelopmentislimited.Althoughmarket-orientedoperationhaspromotedtheeconomicdevelopmentofvillagestoacertainextent,ithasalsobroughtsomenegativeimpacts,suchasthedestructionoftraditionalarchitecturalstyleandtheexcessivecommercialatmosphere.通过对西递村和宏村的案例分析，可以发现“公社化”开发模式在保护村落整体风貌和文化特色方面具有优势，但同时也需要解决村民参与度和利益分配等问题。而市场化运作模式虽然能够带来经济效益，但也可能对村落的传统文化和生态环境造成破坏。因此，在未来的旅游开发中，需要探索一种更加平衡和可持续的发展模式，既能够保护村落的传统文化和生态环境，又能够实现村民和企业的共赢。这可能需要政府、村委会、企业和村民等多方共同努力和协商，以实现更加公正和可持续的旅游发展。ThroughthecaseanalysisofXidiVillageandHongcun,itcanbefoundthatthe"communization"developmentmodelhasadvantagesinprotectingtheoverallstyleandculturalcharacteristicsofthevillage,butatthesametime,italsoneedstoaddressissuessuchasvillageparticipationandbenefitdistribution.Althoughmarket-orientedoperationmodelscanbringeconomicbenefits,theymayalsocausedamagetothetraditionalcultureandecologicalenvironmentofvillages.Therefore,infuturetourismdevelopment,itisnecessarytoexploreamorebalancedandsustainabledevelopmentmodelthatcannotonlyprotectthetraditionalcultureandecologicalenvironmentofvillages,butalsoachieveawin-winsituationforvillagersandenterprises.Thismayrequirethejointeffortsandconsultationsofthegovernment,villagecommittees,enterprises,andvillagerstoachievemorejustandsustainabletourismdevelopment.六、问题与挑战ProblemsandChallenges尽管中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式在皖南的西递村与宏村等地取得了显著成效，但仍面临一系列问题和挑战。Althoughthe"communalization"developmentmodelofancientChinesevillagetourismhasachievedsignificantresultsinXidiVillageandHongcuninsouthernAnhui,itstillfacesaseriesofproblemsandchallenges.随着旅游业的快速发展，古村落的文化遗产逐渐成为了商业资源。如何在保护传统文化的同时，实现商业价值的最大化，是当前面临的一大难题。过度商业化可能导致传统文化的失真和异化，而过于保守则可能限制旅游业的发展。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftourism,theculturalheritageofancientvillageshasgraduallybecomeacommercialresource.Howtomaximizecommercialvaluewhileprotectingtraditionalcultureisamajorchallengecurrentlyfaced.Excessivecommercializationmayleadtodistortionandalienationoftraditionalculture,whileexcessiveconservatismmaylimitthedevelopmentofthetourismindustry.“公社化”开发模式强调社区参与，但在实际操作中，如何确保社区成员公平分享旅游收益，避免利益分配不均导致的社会冲突，是一个亟待解决的问题。如何激发社区成员参与旅游开发的积极性，也是一大挑战。The"communization"developmentmodelemphasizescommunityparticipation,butinpracticaloperation,howtoensurethatcommunitymemberssharetourismbenefitsfairlyandavoidsocialconflictscausedbyunevendistributionofbenefitsisanurgentproblemthatneedstobesolved.Howtostimulatetheenthusiasmofcommunitymemberstoparticipateintourismdevelopmentisalsoamajorchallenge.古村落通常拥有独特的自然环境和生态景观，但随着游客数量的增加，环境保护压力日益加大。如何在保护生态环境的同时，实现旅游业的可持续发展，是当前需要解决的重要问题。Ancientvillagesusuallyhaveuniquenaturalenvironmentsandecologicallandscapes,butasthenumberoftouristsincreases,thepressureonenvironmentalprotectionisincreasing.Howtoachievesustainabledevelopmentofthetourismindustrywhileprotectingtheecologicalenvironmentisanimportantissuethatneedstobeaddressedatpresent.在古村落旅游开发中，政府扮演着重要角色，但同时也需要发挥市场机制的作用。如何协调政府与市场的关系，确保双方在开发中各司其职、相互促进，是当前面临的挑战。Inthedevelopmentofancientvillagetourism,thegovernmentplaysanimportantrole,butatthesametime,italsoneedstoplaytheroleofmarketmechanisms.Howtocoordinatetherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarket,ensurethatbothpartiesplaytheirrespectiverolesandpromoteeachotherindevelopment,isthecurrentchallenge.中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式虽然取得了一定的成功，但仍需面对文化传承、社区参与、环境保护和政府与市场关系等多方面的问题和挑战。未来，需要在保护传统文化和生态环境的基础上，探索更加可持续和公平的开发模式，实现古村落旅游业的健康发展。Althoughthedevelopmentmodelof"communalization"inChineseancientvillagetourismhasachievedcertainsuccess,itstillneedstofacevariousproblemsandchallengessuchasculturalinheritance,communityparticipation,environmentalprotection,andgovernmentmarketrelations.Inthefuture,itisnecessarytoexploremoresustainableandequitabledevelopmentmodelswhileprotectingtraditionalcultureandecologicalenvironment,inordertoachievethehealthydevelopmentofancientvillagetourismindustry.七、结论与建议Conclusionandrecommendations本研究通过对皖南古村落西递和宏村的深入调查，详细分析了中国古村落旅游“公社化”开发模式及其背后的权力关系。研究发现，这种“公社化”开发模式在一定程度上促进了古村落的保护与发展，但也存在诸多问题和挑战。Thisstudyconductedanin-depthinvestigationintotheancientvillagesofXidiandHongcuninsouthernAnhui,andanalyzedindetailthe"communalization"developmentmodeloftourisminChineseancientvillagesandthepowerrelationshipsbehindit.Researchhasfoundthatthis"communization"developmentmodelhastosomeextentpromotedtheprotectionanddevelopmentofancientvillages,buttherearealsomanyproblemsandchallenges.该模式在资源整合、社区参与和利益分配等方面具有显著优势，有效地提升了古村落的旅游吸引力和市场竞争力。然而，随着旅游业的快速发展，古村落的原真性和社区文化也面临着被商业化和同质化的风险。因此，如何在保持古村落独特魅力的同时，实现旅游业的可持续发展，是当前亟待解决的问题。Thismodelhassignificantadvantagesinresourceintegration,communityparticipation,andbenefitallocation,effectivelyenhancingthetourismattractionandmarketcompetitivenessofancientvillages.However,withtherapiddevelopmentofthetourismindustry,theauthenticityandcommunitycultureofa