2021高考人教版英语二轮专题复习《统考版》40分阅读理解提分练（六）

40分阅读理解提分练(六)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2020·河北省高三年级名校联考]ThePhotographeroftheYearcontest(比赛),supportedbypaniesinvariousfields,isbasedintheUKandattractsworldwidephotographylovers.Thoughthefirstawardwasgivenoutin1965,theofficialcontestdidn'treallystartuntil2015.Withwonderfulpicturesfromthousandsofphotographers,the2020contestrewardeditswinnersinFebruary.Octopus(章鱼)TrainingThisphotowastakenbyPasqualeVassalloofItalyandwoninthegroupof“Behavior”.Vassallosaidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccerballfloatingonthesurface.Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene—anoctopushangingfromtheball.Hedidn'tunderstandwhattheoctopuswasdoing,butwonderedifitwastrainingfortheWorldCup.LemonSharkNurseryTakenbyAnitaKainrathoftheBahamas,itshowsyoungsharksswimmingaroundintheprotectionofabeautifulthickforest.Kainrathsaidshespentnearlyanhourstandinginknee­highwaterbeingbittenbymosquitoestogetherpicture,whichwontheUp&ingPhotographeroftheYear2020award.AngrySeahorseThoughRoomanLucofBelgiumdidn'twinthe“Portrait”category,hisphoto,titled“AngrySeahorse”，isquitestriking.Theclose­upshotofaseahorsestaringintothecamerawasnamedtherunner­up.Mr.Lucsaidthatafterfirsthearingabouttheseahorse,hewentlookingforiteveryweekfortwomonthsbeforefinallyfindingit.LastDawn,LastGaspVassalloalsotooktheprizeinthe“MarineConservation”divisionwithLastDawn,LastGasp,anappropriatelybreathtakingshotofatunafishtrappedinanet,strugglinginvaintoescape.Totakethisphoto,Vassallowentdivingwithsomelocalfishermenandfollowedthepathofthefishingnetsfromthebottomtothesurface.1．Whichpictureofthefollowingwastakenbychance?A．AngrySeahorse.B．LemonSharkNursery.C．OctopusTraining.D．LastDawn,LastGasp.2．Whatdothepicturesallfocuson?A．Creaturesunderwater.B．Animalsindanger.C．Protectionoftheenvironment.D．Lossofbiodiversity.3．Whatcanweknowaboutthecontest?A．Itbecamewell­knownin2015.B．Itissponsoredbyphotographylovers.C．ItsprizesareawardedinFebruaryeachyear.D．Itsphotosarejudgedincategories.B[2020·贵州普通高等学校招生适应性测试]Theshadowplayisatypicaltraditionalentertainmentthathassurvivedandthrivedoverthecenturies.Itistakenasanearliestancestorofmoderncinema.Legendhasitthatmorethan2,000yearsago,EmperorWuofHanwasverydepressedaboutthedeathofhisfavoriteconcubine(妃子).Tohelphimgetoverhissadness,aministermadeapuppetoutofcottonandsilkinthelikenessoftheconcubineandprojecteditsshadowonacurtainfortheemperortosee.Theshowbroughttheemperorsomefort.Hesomehowbelievedtheshadowwashislover'sspirit.Thisisthoughttobethebeginningoftheshadowplay.Onemouthtellsstoriesofthousandsofyears;apairofhandsoperatemillionsofsoldiers.Thisishowtheshadowpuppeteerworks.Nicknamed“thebusinessofthefive”，ashadowplaygroupismadeupoffivepeople.Oneoperatesthepuppets,oneplaysasuonaandayueqin,oneplaysthebanhu,oneisinchargeofpercussion(打击乐器)instruments,andonesings.Duringperformances,“actors”areheldclosetoawhitecurtainwiththeircoloredshadowscastonitbyastronglightfrombehind.Theoperatorplaysfivepuppetsatthesametime,eachofwhichhasthreethreads.Tenfingershandlefifteenthreads.Movedbyguidingsticks,thepuppetsplayroleswithmusicalacpaniment.Thepopularityoftheshadowplayinsomewayliesintheequipmentbeinglightandeasytocarry,thesmallnumberofpeopleneededforaperformance,andtheflexiblerequirementsforperformanceplaces.Theplayscanbequitedramaticand,whenitestomythsorkungfustories,the“actors”maybemadetorideoncloudsorperformunusualfeats,tothegreatenjoymentoftheaudience,especiallychildren.Thedesignofthefiguresfollowstraditionalmoralevaluation.Theaudiencecantellafigure'scharacterbyseeinghismask.LikethemasksinBeijingopera,aredmaskrepresentsloyaltyandbravery,ablackmask,integrity(正直)andselflessness,andawhiteone,wickednessandbetrayal.Nowadays,theshadowplayhasbeenindustrializedanddevelopedaseriesoftouristproductsforthepromotionofChinesecultureandtourism.4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．AlovestoryofEmperorWuofHan.B．Howtopleaseanemperor.C．Theoriginoftheshadowplay.D．Howtomakeacottonpuppet.5．Accordingtotheauthor,theaudiencemaytakegreatpleasure________.A．whenrolesareplayedwithoutmusicB．becausetheequipmentislighttocarryC．whenthepuppetsgivelivelyperformancesD．becausethenumberoftheoperatorsissmall6．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheRapidDevelopmentofBeijingOperaB．ShadowPuppetry:ATraditionalArtC．TheBusinessoftheFive:AShadowPlayGroupD．TraditionalCharactersandMasksinBeijingOpera7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheshadowplay?A．Negative.B．Doubtful.C．Positive.D．Unconcerned.C[2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估]SolothurnisapicturesquetowninthenorthwestofSwitzerlandknownprimarilyforitsclosestrelationwiththenumbereleven.Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber,fromthefactthattherearepreciselyelevenchurches,aswellaselevenhistoricalfountains,elevenmuseumsandeleventowers,totheunusualclockinthetownsquarethatfeaturesaneleven­hourdialandthenumbertwelvemissing.AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurnknowsaboutthetown'sobsessionwiththenumbereleven,theoriginofthatiscoveredinmystery.ThefirstmentionofeleveninSolothurn'shistorydatesbackto1252,whenelevenmemberswerefirstelectedforthetown'scouncil.AnothergreatexampleofSolothurn'sobsessionwiththenumberelevenisthemagnificentCathedralofSt.Ursus.DesignedbyItalianarchitectGaetanoMatteoPisoni,itwasbuiltinelevenyears.Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps,eachnumberingelevenrows,elevendoors,elevenbellsandelevenaltars(祭坛),oneofwhichismadeoutofelevendifferenttypesofmarble.Interestingly,thealtarscanbeviewedatthesametimefromonlyoneplaceinthecathedral,theeleventhblackstoneinthelongcentralpart.ThepeopleofSolothurnalsoshowanintenseinterestinthenumberelevenintheirdailylife.Therearespecialcelebrationsheldoneleventhbirthdays,andtherearelocalproductsandbusinessesthatincludethespecialnumber.Thereis“Öufi­Bier”(Beereleven),“eleven­iSchokolade”(eleven­Chocolate),andeven“öufiyoga”(eleveno'clockyoga).ThemysteriousrelationshipbetweenSolothurnandthenumberhasbeeoneofthetown'sprimarytouristattractions,andthereisevenathemedtouraboutthenumbereleven.8．WhatismainlydiscussedaboutSolothurninParagraph1?A．Itsuniquedesigns.B．Itsculturalorigin.C．Itsnaturalattractions.D．Itsconnectionwithnature.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Thenumbereleven.B．ThecityofSolothurn.C．Solothurn'sloveforeleven.D．ThehistoryofSwitzerland.10．WhatistheCathedralofSt.Ursuslike?A．Itsstepscontain33rowsinall.B．Itsdoorsaremadeoutofmarble.C．Ithaselevenbellsoneachstep.D．Ithaselevenaltarsinthecenter.11．WhatdoweknowaboutthepeopleofSolothurn?A．Theyattachgreatimportancetotourism.B．Theybringnumbereleventodailylife.C．Theyleadabusybutfortablelife.D．Theyareexpertatdesigningproducts.D[2020·武汉市高中毕业生6月供题]GPShaspletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimalshavelonghadtheirnavigation(导航)systemsbuiltrightin—likeantsandbees.“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarizedlight(偏振光),andtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarizedlight,connectedwiththepositionofthesun，”saidBarbaraWebb,abioroboticistatTheUniversityofEdinburgh.Youcanseepolarizedlightfirst­handifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky—thelightpassingthroughthelenseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintoflatsidesoftheirpoundeyes.“Youcanthinkofitastheequalofhavingalittlepolarizationdirectionalfilter(过滤器)overthemorlotsofsunglassespointedindifferentdirections.”ButWebbwascuriousaboutwhetherthere'sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseofdirection.Soherteambuiltasensormodeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.Theythenfedthatsensorinputintoamodelmeanttocopythebrainsofdesertantsandotherinsectswithaskypass.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects'naturalsensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensepassdirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.Asystembasedonthatofinsectscouldsomedaybeacheap,low­energyalternativetoGPS.“Insectshaveverytinybrainsthatareusinghardlyanyenergy.Andyetthey'restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichisahugesystem.”Webbisnowworkingonbuildingarobotthatcan,likethedesertant,uselighttogetitsdirection.Althoughaftersundown,itmayhavetoaskfordirections.12．Whatmake(s)itpossibleforantsandbeestosensethedirection?A．Flateyes.B．Polarization.C．Adirectionalfilter.D．Polarizedsunglasses.13．WhydidWebbandherteambuildasensor?A．Tocopythebrainsofdesertants.B．Tosimulatethedesertanteye.C．Tosatisfytheirdesireforanswers.D．Totestanaccuratesenseofdirection.14．Whatisthefuturenavigationsystemsupposedtodo?A．Tosaveenergy.B．TobeasubstituteforGPS.C．Toguidetheblind.D．TohelpGPSworkbetter.15．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceaninvention.B．Topraiseascientificachievement.C．Topresentnewscientificfindings.D．Toencouragepeopletolearnscience.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2020·福州市高中毕业班质量检测]Noonehasyetprovedaconnectionbetweennapping(小睡)andprofessionalsuccess,butaninterestingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweenthedaytimenapandgoodhealth.Dr.AndronikiNaskaandDr.DimitriosTrichopoulosfromHarvard'sSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23,000Greekpatientsforanaverageofsixyears.__Thestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooka30­minutenapatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwhodidnotsleepatallduringtheday.__17__Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired.However,anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterranean,wherenapsremainmon,haveeupwithconflictingresults,butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed(有缺陷的).__18__Theymayhavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks,couldthemuchcelebratedMediterraneandietdeservescredit,ratherthanthenaps?__19__Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso,foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplant­baseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.__20__TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietareconfirmed,hesays,andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat.A．ThefirmanswerfromDr.Trichopoulosis“No”．B．Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen.C．Theirconclusion:nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.D．Somestudieshaveshownthatdietisrelevanttonaps.E．Forexample,thesubjectsinsomehadsurvivedheartattacks.F．Thosewithheartattacksarealsolesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.G．Hisstudywascontrolledfordiet,smoking,exerciseandotherrelevantfactors.40分阅读理解提分练(六)第一节A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——摄影技术——摄影大赛优秀作品[文章大意]文章介绍了2020年摄影大赛的几幅优秀作品。1．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据Octopus(章鱼)Training部分中的“Vassallosaidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccerballfloatingonthesurface.Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene—anoctopushangingfromtheball”可知，Vassallo是无意中拍摄到这张照片的。2．答案与解析：A考查细节理解。该题考生要通读全文才能得出答案。从对四幅获奖作品的描述来看，这些照片的聚焦点都是水下生物——章鱼、鲨鱼、海马和金枪鱼。3．答案与解析：D考查推理判断。从四幅获奖作品来看，他们所获奖项的类别不同，比如OctopusTraining获得的奖项类别是“Behavior”；LemonSharkNursery获得的奖项类别是“theUp&ing”，AngrySeahorse获得的奖项类别是“Portrait”，LastDawn,LastGasp则属于“MarineConservation”范畴。由此可知，大赛作品评奖是按类别进行的。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——传统文化——皮影戏[文章大意]本文主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术——皮影戏，重点介绍了一个有关皮影戏起源的故事、皮影戏的表演特点及其发展现状。4．答案与解析：C考查段落大意。通读第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Thisisthoughttobethebeginningoftheshadowplay”可知，该段主要介绍了皮影戏的起源。故C项正确。5．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段尾句可知，当表演神话和武打故事时，“演员”会表演惊人的技艺，这会给人留下深刻的印象，使观众特别是孩子们获得极大的快乐，故C项正确。6．答案与解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文可知，第一段第一句给出了本文要介绍的话题；又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术——皮影戏，重点介绍了一个有关皮影戏起源的故事以及皮影戏的表演特点等。故B项最适合作本文标题。7．答案与解析：C考查观点态度。根据文章尾句“Nowadays,theshadowplayhasbeenindustrializedanddevelopedaseriesoftouristproductsforthepromotionofChinesecultureandtourism”可知，如今，皮影戏已经工业化，并开发了一系列的旅游产品，以推广中国文化和旅游业。据此可以推知，作者对皮影戏的未来持积极乐观的态度，故C项正确。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——建筑与数字——Solothurn这座城市里的人对数字11的喜爱[文章大意]文章介绍了Solothurn这个地方的人们对数字11(eleven)的喜爱。8．答案与解析：A段落大意题。根据第一段内容尤其是本段第二句中的“Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber,fromthefactthat”可知，第一段主要讲述了Solothurn的城市布局、建筑等的设计都与数字11有关。由此可知，文章第一段讲述的是Solothurn独特的设计。故选A。9．答案与解析：C指代判断题。根据关键句“AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurnknowsaboutthetown'sobsessionwiththenumbereleven,theoriginofthatiscoveredinmystery.”(第二段第一句)可知，that指代句子前半部分中的“thetown'sobsessionwiththenumbereleven”，即镇上的人对数字11的痴迷。故选C。10．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据关键句“Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps,eachnumberingelevenrows,elevendoors,elevenbellsandelevenaltars(祭坛),oneofwhichismadeoutofelevendifferenttypesofmarble.”(第二段第五句)可知，教堂有三组台阶，每组有11级台阶。由此可知，教堂共有33级台阶。故选A。11．答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据关键句“ThepeopleofSolothurnalsoshowanintenseinterestinthenumberelev