安大研究生英语第二册答案

Unit1

KeytoExercises:

I.Comprehension

1.Theauthorimpliesthateverythingischangeable:aprospectingmillcentercanturnintoa

desertedtown,andsimilarly,acouple'sromanticlovecanchangeintoordinaryrelationship.

2.Theauthor,bydescribingthetrout'sfeedingbutnotstriking,impliesthatNick'sloveto

Marjoriecannotreachabreakingpointandisfadinggradually.

3.Yes.MaqoriehasperceivedNick'sindifferenceinthefishing.Marjorie'squestion"What'sthe

matter,Nick“inParagraph26indicatesthisquiteclearly.

4.Thetroubleisthatlovecannotsurvivewhenthereisnolongernoveltyinit.

5.Yes.NickhadpreplannedtostoprelationwithMaijoriebeforetheywentfishing,andprobably

haddiscusseditwithBill,asBillaskedthequestion“Didshegoallright?，zdirectlywhenhe

cameover.

6.(Open)

II.Vocabulary

1.clearing2.sprinkles3.reel4.hoist5.glint

6.prop7.slack8.swampy9.ventral10.rake

III.Phrases

1.wentasfaras2.are...intenton3.reelin4.dropoff

5.cut...off6.cutacross7.goaway8.cut...out

IV.Errordetectionandcorrection

1.howitmightbelittle改成howlittleitmightbe

2.删除that

3.thesetechniquesare改成arethesetechniques

4.Even改成Although

5.thatwereally改成whatwereally

6.evolution改成evolutionary

7.itis改成itdoes

8.seven-continents改成seven-continent

9.doafavorto改成doafavorfor

10.how改成that

V.Cloze

1.gripping2.lean3.influenced4.contribution5.deceptive

6.immediacy7.conjunctions8.compared9.frowned10.satirized

11.portray12.valid13.always14.characteristic15.poetic

TextBWhenGoodnessisn'tGoodEnough

KeytoComprehension

1.Thethreequalitiesare:goodpeoplecare,goodpeopleact,andgoodpeoplehave

responsibility.

2.Themodemworldisnetworked,specialized,andfilledwithimpersonalorganizationswhose

goalsareopen-ended.Theconsequenceofthisisthatmodernpeopleareexposedtovarious

demandsourancestorsnevercouldhaveimagined.

3.Theycompetewithotherspecializedorganizationsforresourcesandcannotaffordto

recognizethepersonallimitsofitsmembers.

4.Theywillmakecommitmentsrelatingtotheirjob,spouse,child,child'sschoolorsportsteam

ordramaclub,agingparents,almamater,community,anddifferentorganizations.Infact,

theywillalsomakecommitmentstothelargerworldabouttheissuesofterrorism,

environmentaldegradation,poverty,disease,etc.

5.Theymayredirecttheirfrustrationorangerinwardasdepressionoroutwardontoothersor

evenontoawholeintheformofbitterness.

6.Theauthor'ssuggestionisthateachpersonfindsherorhisownspecialpassion,makesthat

thecenterofasingleopen-endedcommitmentanddoeswhatishumanlypossible.

Keytotranslationexercises.

1.①太阳黑子;雀斑②(=net+citizen)网民③水闸④天体物理学⑤光驱

⑥(二globalpositioningsystem全球定位系统)不译

©(^OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织)欧派克

⑧(二Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)亚太经合组织or不译

⑨smalloffice,homeoffice小型家居办公室or不译

®=telecommmunicationssatellite通信卫星

2.①瞳孔可以随着光线强弱的变化而放大或缩小。

②这种药品的优点之一是没有副作用。

③合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。

④用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦会大幅度减少摩擦力。

⑤随着病情的恶化，肌肉会逐渐萎缩。如果不及时治疗，病人就会瘫痪，呼吸极其困难，

最终死亡。

⑥一旦细胞发生专化，变成皮肤、眼睛或乳腺细胞，大局部有关长成完整个体的基因指

令就会关闭。科学家们以前一直认为，专化后的细胞不能用来形成完整的有机体。

⑦为了保护鲸免受北极海寒冷的伤害，大自然赐予了它一层厚厚的被称作鲸脂的脂肪层。

人们把鲸屠宰后，就在船上或岸上剥下鲸脂并进行熬炼。这样便能生产出大量的油，

可以做成食物供人们消费。还有几种动物也能产油，但都没有鲸产的油多。

⑧科学家们发表报告称，严峻的气候变化可能来自“温室效应〃，因燃烧矿物燃料而使

二氧化碳含量增高，从而引起大气层逐渐变暖。科学家们还说，在几十年内全球的平

均温度可能会升高，到下个世纪末可能到达要比目前温度高出9华氏度的水平。专家

们说，这可能对全球的天气类型造成严重的破坏，比方说，使年降雨量改变，使河流

上涨或干涸，并使海平面升高。

Unt2

KeytoExercises

I.Readingcomprehension

1.Inamorningwhenhewokeupafewminutesearlierthanheusuallyis,andhehadnotthought

itbefore.

2.Itisunwisetotakeholdofthelittledoorinfrontofacoalrangeinone'sfingers(learntatthe

ageofseven),thatamixtureofsherbetandmilkchocolateinequalpartsproducesdisconcerting

results(discoveredatnight),andthatitissociallyinexpedienttomakejokesaboutfalseteeth.

3.Itmeansthattheauthorcannotbesurethathisapplicationofthenamesofthethoughtsor

objectsofonelanguagetoanotherissuccessfulornot,andthushethinksthatitsfeasibilityis

doubtful.

4.Hethinksthathisknowledgeisinadequatecomparedtohislifelonginvestmentandhis

parents'money.Buthefeelreassuredthatignorancedoesnoharmtohim,foranignorantperson

doesn'tmisquote.

5.Whenpeoplerealizethefactthatsometimesmemoryisnotreliable,theknowledgethey

possesswillbringthemtroubleandmistakes.Therefore,ignorancedoesworkatthistime,forthe

ignorantmenseldommakeinaccuratejudgmentwithoutmakinganinvestigationfirst.

6.Hethoughtthattheauthorofthebookheneededtoreviewhadneglectedsomecontentsinthe

book,butactuallytheauthorhadnot.Helearnedfromthisexperiencethatignorancecanbea

greathelptohim,forhismemorymaydeceivehimsometimes.

7.Thesentencehasanironicaltone,whichmeansthatundersuchcivilizationofvaluing

ignorance,knowledgeisnotnecessarilysomuchusefulasonerequires.One'sknowledgecan

sometimesbelesshelpfultohimthannecessary,fortheinformationcanbequicklyaccessedin

variousmeans.

8.(open)

II.Vocabulary

1.expedient2.sane3.impart4.verify5.discourteous6.tentative

7.dubious8.premium9.tossing10.devoured

III.Phrases

1.givereinto2.beton3.atadiscount4.putapremiumon5.inpossessionof6.gave

anaccountof7.comedownto8.aburstof

IV.Errordetectionandcorrection

1.“express”改为"expressing”:

Thepottershadvirtuallyeschewedfreehanddrawingandelaboratemotifsofthepots,whileyet

expressingabeliefthattherewasorderintheuniverse.

2."happen”改为"happens"

TaxpayersarebeingpouredintoSouthAfricatosupportasystemdedicatedtotheoppressionof

12millionpeoplethecolorofwhoseskinshappensnottobewhite.

3.“and〃改为“that”

ThiswonderfulworkofartissuchajoytolookatthatIcanneverbesufficientlygratefultoyou

forhavinggivensomuchofyourtimeinordertogivemepleasure.

4.“have”改为"havehad"

Mrs.Thatchersuggestedthat“hadAmericastayedinEuropeaftertheFirstWorldWarandwe

hadaNATOthen,IdonotbelievewewouldhavehadaSecondWorldWar."

5.“managewith"改为"manage”

Aninfectiousoutbreakamongthestaffatatimewhenholidaysareatapeakwillbemore

difficulttomanage.

6.“robbed"改为"robbedoff”

Toescapefromaprisoncamprequiredaveryspecialstateofmind,andIleftbehindmebrave

men,whomcaptivityhadrobbedofallhope.

7.“condemn"改为"condemned”

Onemomenthehadbeenlookingforwardtoahappyandwealthyretirementandnow,minutes

later,hewasacondemnedcriminalwithonlyafewhourslefttolive.

8.“likely"改为"morelikely"

Thisfindingisconsistentwiththefactthatstudentleadersaremorelikelytobesupportersofthe

valuesimplicitincivillibertiesthantheotherstudents.

9.“much”改为"asmuch"

Heatewhathefeltlike,sleptasmuchoraslittleashepleased,andmovedaboutthedraughty

roomsofthehouse,likeanelderlytouristinacathedral.

10.“allowing"改为"ofallowing，，

Itisaquestionofallowingthehumanracetosurvive,possiblyunderthedominationofaregime

whichmostofusdetest,orofallowingittodestroyitselfinappallinganguish.

V.Cloze

1.bitterly2.pitch3.sprawling4.observing5.entitled6.vacuum

7.around8.likely9.diminish10.contemplation11.impose12.subversion

13.reassessment14.frazzled15.rejuvenate

TextBTheVirtueofIdleness

KeytoExercises

Readingcomprehension

1.Becausehisaphorism“earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise”

hadpropelledsomanyofustobecomeslavestoaschedulewedidnotchoose.

2.Theforcesoftheanti-idlehavebeenatworksincethefallofman.Andtheevidencecanbe

foundinthebiblewhichcanbedatedbackto2000years.InChapter6,thereisaproverbonthe

subject.

3.ThissentencesmeansthatDr.Johnisregretfulaboutthetimespentonoversleeping,andheis

makinghisresolutiontoriseearlytomakeupforhislosttimeforhislaziness一unabletorise

early.

4.AccordingtoJohnWesley,laterisingwillcausefloppyphysicalconditionsandslackednerves.

5.Becausehethinkslyinginbedandthinkingistheveryessenceofbeinghuman.Andlyingin

bedisnotawasteoftime,forlyinginbedwouldnotinfluenceone'sthinkingactively,sothey

aretwoindependententities.

6.AccordingtoWillSelf,inEngland,becauseoftheProtestantvalue,thinkingistakenasaway

ofidleness,sotheyshouldn'tthink.

7.Dreammakestheworldgoround.Dreamcanbringmorebrilliantideasandimagesoftheday

tothewriters,filmmakers,andscientists,becauseatnightinthedreamtheirmindsaremost

activetocomeupwithcreativethings.

8.Dreamsandidlenesshaveacloserelationshipwitheachother,andbothofthemareproduced

inone'srelaxedstateofmind.Andapersonisnotsomuchidlewhenhecanreconcilethereality

withhisdreamyworld.

Keytotranslationexercises.

1.尽管酸雨形成的原因有很大的争议，但大多数科学家认为是烧煤的发电厂、工厂和汽车

所释放的二氧化硫和一氧化氮转化为硫酸盐和硝酸盐的结果。硫酸盐和硝酸盐与空气中

的湿气结合时便变成酸，以酸雨的形式降到地上。

2.对土地的破坏将会增加，因为更多的道路和高速公路使地上铺上沥青；巨型露地开采机

为寻找更多的煤而使土地受到剥夺；为腾出更多空间造更多的房屋，做更多的垃圾堆积

场，地面上的天然植被被铲除了。

3.所有商用钢铁都以其含铁为主要成分，但由于碳及其他元素含量的不同、钢铁冶炼方法

的不同以及加工过程的不同，从而改变了它们的特性，以致于有多种不同的钢铁，其中

有些钢铁的特性极不相同，看上去就像不同的金属一样。

4.矿物油很滑，因而被用作润滑油。两个金属外表相擦时会产生摩擦和热，但如果它们被

一层薄薄的油膜隔开，摩擦和热便会减少。任何机械，如果不给以正常润滑，都无法长

时间运转。用作此目的的油必须稠度适宜，如果过稀，就不能起到足够的润滑作用，而

如果过稠，就不能分布到必须润滑的所有局部。

5.信息时代的技术并不如业内人士所宣称的那样“干净、无污染〃，这一点早已为人们所

知，但在温文尔雅的高科技领域，这个问题却很少谈及。每生产一台个人计算机就会产

生139磅的废物，并涉及到各种各样稀奇乖僻的化学物质。这些有害的化学物质对土壤、

饮用水和公共卫生的威胁将与日俱增，与从业工人及其周围社区癌症和新生儿缺陷的高

发率有着密切关系。

Unit3

KeystoExercises

I.ReadingComprehension

1.Bodyandmindhealtharelinkedwitheachotherbyexercise.

2.Regularexerciseimprovesyourmood,decreasesanxiety,improvessleep,improvesresilience

inthefaceofstressandraisesself-esteem.

3.Thebloodandenergysupplytothebrainimproves.Thegenesinnervecellssignalthe

productionofproteinscalledneurotrophicfactorsorgrowthfactors.

4.Exerciseprobablyrelievesandlikelyalsopreventsdepressionthroughthesamemechanismas

antidepressants,whichspurnervegrowthinhippocampus.

5.ExerciseinducedanincreaseintheproductionofneuropeptideY(NPY)andbrain-derived

neurotrophicfactor(BDNF)inthehippocampus.

6.Motivationisunergeneticcontrol.Howgoodajobyourbraindoesatmanagingyouractivity

isgeneticallydetermined.

7.Exercisehasbeendemonstratedsoeffectiveatreducinghealthriskswithsofewadverse

effectsthatitshouldbeaneasysell.

8.Itwantstoprovethatthedegreeofmoodimprovementandtheperceptionofexertionispartly

determinedbytheformofone'sBDNFgene.

9.Themostimportantthingisyourabilitytosustainanexerciseroutine.Becausetheresearch

indicatesthatifyoucanstickwithanyprogramforatleasttwomonths,you'regivingyourself

thebestchancetofeelbetter.Youdon'thavetoinvestmuchandcareaboutthetypeofexercise.

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatthosepeopleshouldpicturehealthynervecellsplumpingand

sproutingandhopescientistswillsoonfindgentlenudgethatwillhelpyoufeellikeexerciseand

keepyoumoving.

II.Vocabulary

1.vulnerable2.antidote3.adverse4.identical5.integrity

6.hasbeensluggish7.induced8.prerequisite9.robust10.spurring

III.Phrases

1.equalto2.endedup3.keepsmeonmytoes4.isincharge

5.hasgivenriseto6.wasassignedto7.inresponseto8.wereinvovledin

IVErrordetectionandcorrection

1.fixture改为afixture

2.not改为notonly/notmerely

3.success改为succession

4.adapt改为adaptto

5.Regarding改为Given

6.Strippingout改为Stripout

7.liveupwith改为liveupto

8.have改为having

9.sit改为sitting

10.Except改为Exceptfor

V.Cloze

1.self-conscious2.excessively3.worrisome4.unattractive5.adversely

6.reactions7.profound8.sensitive9.inferiority10.compliments

11.respond12.while13.eliminated14.since15.impossible

Keytotranslationpractice

1.Consideringthelargepopulation,limitedper-capitaresourcesandshortageoffundsinChina,

ourexportshouldfocusonproductsoffurtherprocessing,finishingprocessingandwithhigh

addedvalue.

2.PresidentNixon'svisittoourcountryattheinvitationoftheChineseGovernmentprovides

theleadersofthetwocountrieswithanopportunityofmeetinginpersontoseekthe

nominalizationofrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesandalsotoexchangeviewson

questionsofconcerntothetwosides.Thisisapositivemoveinconformitywiththedesire

oftheChineseandAmericanpeoplesandaneventunprecedentedinthehistoryofthe

relationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

3.Astheresultofaweakeconomicbasecausedbyhundredsofyearsofcolonialexploitation,

andofmanyunfavorableexternalfactorsforAfricandevelopmentcausedbylackof

fundamentalchangestotheunjustandunequitableinternationaleconomicorderleftover

fromthepast,Africaneconomyasawholeremainsinhardtimeandthereisstillalongway

togobeforeAfricawillattaineconomicprosperity.

4.科学家们对煤的形成有确信无疑的了解，然而当我们向他们问及石油的起源时，他们似

乎就不那么有把握了。他们认为，地表之下的油起源于遥远的过去，并且是由海洋生物

形成的。无数亿个海洋微小的动植物繁衍生息并沉至海底。它们被沉积的厚厚淤泥所覆

盖，并且由于化学变化、压力和温度等过程的作用，经过漫长的年代变成了我们现在所

知道的石油。这些生物要变成石油，必须密封在岩石层中极其漫长的时间。

TextB

SoccerGetsSexy

KeytoComprehension

1.SoccerhasfoundawaytosellitselftoAmericanwomen.Thatistosayattractivesportsmen

turnAmerican,specificallyAmericanwomenintosoccerfans.

2.Americanwomenhavegrownupplayingthegamejustliketheguysandwantpinupsintheir

lockers.Thegameismarketed.

3.ThatkindofsexappealisbeingusedtosellthesportitselftoAmericans.MajorLeague

Soccer'sTVadsdubthemselves"ALessoninPassion.Onesegment,entitled"Striptease

Lessons,“hasfootballerstriumphantlybaringtheirripplingcheststoburlesquemelodies

worthyof"TheFullMonty."

4.Soccertraditionalistsfindallthisalittlehardtoaccept.

5.Hooligansturnedthebleachersintobattlegroundsinthe1980s.

6.Tenyearslater,soccerbecomesfashionablebecausemoreandmorewomenareinterestedinit.

7.Whenwomenwatchmenonthesoccerfield,theyarewatchingagametheyknowfromthe

inside.Andtheycanreadnotonlythemoves,butthefaces,oftheplayers.

8.Besidesplayingsoccer,heisprettyandcharmingsohecanshowhissexappealin

advertisement.

Keytotranslationpractice

1.Consideringthelargepopulation,limitedper-capitaresourcesandshortageoffundsinChina,

ourexportshouldfocusonproductsoffurtherprocessing,finishingprocessingandwithhigh

addedvalue.

2.PresidentNixon'svisittoourcountryattheinvitationoftheChineseGovernmentprovides

theleadersofthetwocountrieswithanopportunityofmeetinginpersontoseekthe

nominalizationofrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesandalsotoexchangeviewson

questionsofconcerntothetwosides.Thisisapositivemoveinconformitywiththedesire

oftheChineseandAmericanpeoplesandaneventunprecedentedinthehistoryofthe

relationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

3.Astheresultofaweakeconomicbasecausedbyhundredsofyearsofcolonialexploitation,

andofmanyunfavorableexternalfactorsforAfricandevelopmentcausedbylackof

fundamentalchangestotheunjustandunequitableinternationaleconomicorderleftover

fromthepast,Africaneconomyasawholeremainsinhardtimeandthereisstillalongway

togobeforeAfricawillattaineconomicprosperity.

4.科学家们对煤的形成有确信无疑的了解，然而当我们向他们问及石油的起源时，他们似

乎就不那么有把握了。他们认为，地表之下的油起源于遥远的过去，并且是由海洋生物

形成的。无数亿个海洋微小的动植物繁衍生息并沉至海底。它们被沉积的厚厚淤泥所覆

盖，并且由于化学变化、压力和温度等过程的作用，经过漫长的年代变成了我们现在所

知道的石油。这些生物要变成石油，必须密封在岩石层中极其漫长的时间。

Unit4

Keytoexercises:

I.Comprehension

1.TheNewWorldreferstoAmerica.OpportunityiswhattheNewWorldhasalways

represented:struggle,risk,self-determinationandthehopeofspiritualandmaterialprogress.

2.No,becauseAmericaisalreadyamiddle-agedcountrynotpossessingasmanyopportunities

asbefore.Thisisanaturalconsequenceofgrowingold.

3.Pessimismvieswithvitalityforcommandofthenationalconsciousness.

4.ThestiffeningofAmerica'ssocioeconomicsinewsismoreadvancedthantheculture,even

worsethanthescholarswhomonitorithadhithertounderstood;worsethanmanyolder,wearier

countries.

5.Idlenessandincompetencearesternlypunishedbutmeritsgetrewarded.Yourclass

backgroundwillneitherpropyouupnorholdyouback.Ifyoudeservetosucceed,youwill.

6.ThefindingisnotthatintergenerationaleconomicmobilityhasfallensinceWorldWarII---

thestudiespointtonocleartrend.

7.Theresultisthatrichchildrenstayrichandpoorchildrenstaypoor.

8.TherealfocusofanyefforttorestoresocialandeconomicopportunityinAmericaoughtto

beladdersoutofpoverty.

II.Vocabulary

1.immigrant2.hazard3.tentative4.impotent5.weary

6.succeeding7.rigid8.relieve9.persist10.diminish

III.Phrases

1.holdback2.aslongas3.borneout4.asidefrom5.propup

6.pointto7.ingeneral8.hasrootin

IVErrorCorrection

1.have改为haveof

2.appear改为appearing

3.passive改为active

4.find改为found

5.give改为gives

6.it改为they

7.is去掉

8.happiness改为embarrassment

9.assumed改为assuming

10.source改为rescource

V.Cloze

1.articulated2.want3.celebrate4.urban5.breaking6.increased7.paradoxes8.

poverty9.hunger10.sufficiently11.minimal12.distribution

13.essence14.crash15.summon

TextBPowervsPoverty

KeytoComprehension

1.Theglobalfoodpricecrisisisexposingfrighteninglevelsofvulnerabilityinpoornations

aroundtheworld.

2.a.Botswanahastoimport90percentofitsfood.

b.Botswanaisalandlockedstatewithasmallpopulationandanaridlandscape.

c.Botswanahasahighdependenceondiamonds-thevery"curseofwealth11thathas

destabilisedmanyotherAfricancountries.

d.Independentin1966,ithadjusttwosecondaryschoolsand12kmofpavedroad,andrelied

ontheUKforhalfofgovernmentrevenues.

3.ThesecretofBotswana'ssuccessliesinpolitics.Thecountry'selitecomefromasingle

dominantethnicgroup(theBatswana)whosegovernancesystems,emphasisingbroad

consultationandconsensus-building,emergedlargelyunscathedfromcolonialism.

4.TheworsedeprivationandsufferingnowarenotOrwellianinnature.Theyexistwherestates

areweak:halfofallchildrenwhodiebeforetheageoffiveliveinstatesdefinedasnfragile".

5.a.efficientgovernmentandrisingGDPpercapita

b.successfullytacklingpoverty,esp.thepowerlessstateofthepoorbybuildingdemocracy

andactivecitizenship

6.Manyofthecountriesthathavehadactivecitizensandbeenrunefficientlyhavealreadyceased

tobepooranddisappearedoffthedevelopmentradar.

7.Thoseorganizationsholdthateconomicpolicyisking,andpoliticsisoftenseenasanirritating

processthroughwhichunworthyindividualsusetheirpowertounraveltheplansofwise

economists.Thepolicyof"gettingthepricesright"requiresthestatetogetoutofeconomic

management,freeingthestageforthetrueheroesofdevelopment:theentrepreneurs.Butall

abovehasn'tworked.

8.Becausecharitylaw,missionandbitterexperienceshoulddissuadethemfrombecomingmere

supportgroupsforanypoliticalpartyinagivendevelopingcountry.Instead,theyhaveto

promoteempowermentwithoutbecomingpoliticised.Itisafinelinetotread,butitiseminently

feasible.

Keytotranslationexercises

1.①aid②head③body④fall⑤show⑥ban⑦jail⑧arms⑨ease⑩top

2.①海法地区法院周四宣布，前以色列足协主席利维攻击记者罪成立。

②一些人事经理抱怨，他们在这儿面试过的大学毕业生中，不少人都眼高手低/好高鹫

远/本领只有“二星级〃，心气儿倒有“五星级〃。

③路透社：周一公布的一项民意测验显示，如果基地组织领导人本•拉登被证实有罪，

然后被判死刑，五分之一的美国人愿意花钱观看电视直播拉登被处决。

④华盛顿：五角大楼昨日宣称，一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪

后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。

⑤国际货币基金组织(IMF)表示，世界经济在遭受去年美国9-11时间的重创后，开

始迅速上升，大大高于期望值。IMF的主要经济学家肯尼斯•罗戈夫说，如果美国没

有大规模地降低利率和税收来提高美国人民的消费能力，去年世界经济的下滑将会更

加严重。这又一次证明，美国经济是世界经济的引擎。

UnitFive

KeytoExercises

I.Comprehension

1.Theauthor,spurposeistoproposeapreliminaryoutlineforaviewofevilderivedfromhumanist

philosophyandbehavioralscience,ratherthanfromtraditionalreligiouspreconceptions.Andhisbasic

assumptionisthattherecanbenogenuineunderstandingofgoodnessinhumanbehaviorunlesswealso

understandevil.

2.Neithergoodnorevilexistoutsidethehumanpersonality.

3.Thetwoessentialdispositionsforactionare:onethatenhanceshumanlife,andtheotherthatdestroys

life.

4.Ourdestructivepotentialarisesfromafundamentaldesireforself-preservation-toprotectourselves

frommaterialdeprivationortheharmothersmightcauseus,whetherphysicaloremotional;ourcreative

potentialarisesfromourhumanabilitytoempathizewithothers,tofeelcareandconcernandadesireto

nurtureandhelp.

5.Thecommonwaysofdealingwithone'sdestructivepotentialaredenial,projectionanddisplacement.

6.Self-righteousideologistsclassifypeopleintogoodlikethemselvesand"evil"likeallothers.

7.FormanyAmericans,the“evilempire“ofthecommunistswasaprojectivemirrorofAmericandesire

forworlddominationandtoprotectAmericanprideandpower.

8.Displacementisamentalprocessinwhichweuseotherpeoplelikelighteningrodsforourfrustrations

andfears.

9.Childrenwhoaremorelikelytogrowintosociopathsarethoseinpoverty-stricken,brokenand

drug-infestedhomeswhoreceiveinsufficientparentalcareandnurturance,andhavenoinhibitionsorguilt

aboutviolentaggression.

10.Creativecompensationmeanschannelingpeople'sdestructivepotentialtowardcreativegoals,

specificallybyturningtheirenergiestowardlivesofpeace-makingorthepursuitofsocialjustice,by

helpingothersinneed,orthroughartisticactivity.

II.Vocabulary

l.assuage2.reminiscent3.articulate4.impoverished5.preliminary

6.prerequisite?.preconceptions8.malicious9.inculcated10.foster

III.Phrases

1.givingriseto2.infestedwith

3.abatteryof4.are(deeply)embeddedin

5.aroseoutof6.inthelightof

7.spiedon8.is(powerfully)committedto

IVErrordetectionandcorrection

1.tosee改为tobeseen

2.wouldhavebeen改为wouldbe

3.their改为its

4.affect改为affects

5.themoreonehaschildren改为themorechildrenonehas

6.comfortably改为comfortable

7.suspicious改为suspiciousof

8.liesinnot改为liesnotin

9.therefore改为that

10.neitherofthem改为neitherofwhich

V.Cloze

1.pose2.evidence3.purely

4.believe5.dismiss6.source

7.back8.alive9.cite

10.convinced11.newspaper12.condition

13.rumor14.information15.investigation

KeytoComprehension

1.AccordingtoRussell,afreethinkerisapersonwhoholdshisbeliefs,whatevertheyare,simply

because,aftercarefulthought,hefindsabalanceofevidenceintheirfavor,howeveroddhis

conclusionsmayseem;accordingtomostdictionaries,however,afreethinkerissimplyonewho

hasrejectedauthorityanddogma,particularlyinreligiousthinking,infavorofrationalinquiry.

2.TaoismandConfucius,mergedwithasystemofsocialregimentation,madeChina'sstate

ideology.

3.FreethinkingideasbecamearegularpartofEuropeanhistoryduringtheGoldenAgeof

Athens.

4.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,initsearlyhistory,wasaproductoftheEuropean

Enlightenmentinthesensethatfreethinkersfiguredprominentlyinthenation'searlyhistoryand

thatfreethoughtwentontobecomeavitalpartofAmericanculture.

5.TocorrectlyunderstandAmericancultureandhistory,onehastounderstandthefreethought

movement.

6.Ithelpedpromotecompletechurch-stateseparation.

7.Ratherthanjustasetofabstractphilosophicalideasorcritiquesofreligion,freethoughtisand

alwayshasbeenacommitmenttosocialchangeandsocialaction,havingaprofoundandpositive

impactontheadvancementofcivilization.

Keytotranslationexercises

1.①士兵薪水剧增⑥足球开踢，拳打脚踢

②城市虽小，影响空前⑦日本（情侣〕蜂拥美利坚，（牧师面前〕誓言“我愿意〃

③誓将守口如瓶⑧繁荣过后，尽是萧条/繁荣不在，萧条即来。

④回忆中的前瞻⑨俄罗斯改革：新瓶装旧酒/换汤不换药

⑤中东一恐怖主义的摇篮⑩军用飞机用于疏散工作

2.据悉，此轮中东谈判毫无结果。

3.本报记者自纽约报道，北京杂技团在这里的精彩表演，场场赢得满堂喝彩。

4.值得一提的是，欧洲大陆的政治领袖们都采取亲美政策，而参与游行的民众们的反美情

绪，在联合国军横扫伊拉克之后却丝毫未减。萨科齐和默克尔的举动使得他们和其前任

希拉克和施罗德看上去根本生活在两个世纪，萨科齐试图恢复两国自美国独立战争以来

就建立起来的友谊，而默克尔，作为世界第一出口大国的领导人，也支持和美国一起实

施德国官员所谓的“更大规模的共同市场〃。

5.ItisreportedthatShanghaihasofficiallybidforthe2023WorldExposition.

Unlikeatradefairintheusualsense,participantsintheWorldExpositionaremainly

governmentsofvariouscountriesandinternationalorganizations.TheWorldExpositionisan

arenafortheparticipatingcountriestodisplaytheachievementsandprospectsintheirsocial,

economic,culturalandtechnicalsectorsandagrandeventwherepeoplefromvariouscountries

gathertogethertoexchangeexperiences,learnfromoneotherandenterintocooperation.

Knownasthe"economic,technologicalandculturalOlympicGames/7theWorldExposition

isheldeveryfiveyears.SinceitsinceptioninLondonin1851,theWorldExpositionhasbeen

invariablyheldindevelopedcountries.IfShanghaiwinsthebidthistime,Chinawillbethe

firstdevelopingcountrytohosttheWorldExposition,andthethemeofthe2023World

Expositionwillbe"BetterCity,BetterLife".

With"City"asthetheme,theWorldExpositionwillhaveuniversalsignificance.

Countries,bigorsmall,developedordeveloping,maydisplaytheirrespectiveachievementsin

thedevelopmentofcities,andtheywillalsoabletolearnusefulexperienceincitydevelopment

fromtheexhibitionofothercountries.

UnitSix