高考英语一轮复习考点归纳考点16非谓语动词（三）

考点16非谓语动词（三）高考频度：★★★★★考向六非谓语动词作宾补1．只能跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,order,prefer,remind,reqire,teach,tell,want,wish,callon,等Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生警告他不要吃太多肉。2．感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：☞Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。☞TolearnEnglishwell，weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。3．使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。☞Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。☞Hehadthefireburningallnight.他让火燃烧了一夜。☞Hetriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。易混辨析(1)现在分词作补足语由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。☞IheardhersingingwhenIpassedbyherroom.我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)☞Ifoundthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywherethen.那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)☞Areyoulisteningtothemquarrelling？你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)☞Hisremarkssetmethinking.他的话引起了我的深思。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)☞Theexplosionsentusrunninginalldirections.那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)(2)不定式作补语①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。☞Didyounoticehimleavethehouse？你看到他离开房间了吗？☞Iheardhersayso.我听见她是这么说的。②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：callon，relyon，dependon，waitfor，longfor，votefor等。☞Youcandependonhertobelate.可以担保她必定迟到。☞Wearelongingfortheholidaytoe.我们渴望着假日的到来。③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接＂tobe＋形容词(名词或反身代词)＂结构。☞He’sthoughttobeoneoftherichestmeninEurope.人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。☞Imagineyourself(tobe)richandfamous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65．(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orangetrees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。2.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43．(walk)througharainforest.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imaginesbdoingsth.“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。考向七 省to的动词不定式Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher__________（grow）upfromchildhood.【参考答案】grow【答案解析】see后接省去to的不定式傲宾语补足语。此类动词主要有感观动词和使役动词see,watch,notice,observe,tookat,find,feel,listento,have,make,let等。题组一基础过关下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。1.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.2.1showedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.3.Absorbinginpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.4.Havingworkingfortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.5.Thenanotherteacherreadnfewletterstostudentswritingbyparents.6.Therewasashort,fatgentlemanfollowedher.7.Haveclassesinsuchabeautifulenvironment,wefeelveryhappy,8.Becausewehadnoteatenicecreamforalongtime,wegotveryexciting.9.pleasecontactmeifyouhaveanydifficultyfindthebook.10.Imighthavetoretireagainjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.题组二能力提升在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Inside,though,theplacewaspracticallyemptytherewasjustonecouple,_________(sit)atatablenearthewindow.2.Inthesecases,clubmembershavetoworkhardtoorganizefundraisersandcollectmoneytokeeptheirsports_________(go).3._________(know)basicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.4.Withoutanyone_________(notice),Istoleintotheroom.5.Allofusarelookingforwardto_________(live)inaharmonioussociety.6.Beforeleaving,wespenthalfanhour_________(play)withthestudentsthere.7.Ittookyearsofwork_________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.8.A13yearstudyofearlychildhooddevelopmentmadebyHarvardUniversityhasshownthat,bytheageofthreemostchildrenhavethebigpotential_________(understand)about100words,9.Asaresult,hedidverywellintheexam,________(rank)firstinhisclass,10.Infact,Ihadheardnothing,possiblybecauseofthenoiseImadewhile________(slide)downthe11._________(take)accordingtotheinstructions,themedicinewillworkforyourheadache.12.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely_________(bring)yourworkhome.13.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_________(eat)!14.Asuddenstopcanbeavery_________(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.15_________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.题组三体验真题1.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65．(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.2.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43．(walk)througharainforest.3.【2018·天津】7.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.A.taking B.takenC.beingtaken D.take题组一基础过关1.felt→feel句意:教室所处的位置及我所看到的风景使我感觉像在做梦，此处考查makesbdosth.使役动词make后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。2.wear→wearing句意:我通过穿奇装异服向他们展示我的独立。此处考查动名词作介词的宾语，bydoingsth为固定表达,表示“通过某种方式”3.Absorbing→Absorbed句意:沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbedinpainting相当于原因状语从句Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting的省略。4.working→worked句意:工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系,n故要用现在分词,n同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managedtofinish之前,故要用完成时形式。5.writing→written句意:然后另一位老师给学生们读了一些家长写的信。这里考查的是非谓语动词作后置定语修饰前面的名词，修饰的名词letters,students表对象，letter与write之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词written.6.followed→following句意:一个矮胖的男士跟在她后面。这里gentleman与follow是主谓关系,故用following.7.Have→Having句意:在如此美丽的环境中上课，我们觉得很高兴。此处考查动名词作主语。8.exciting→excited句意:因为我们很长时间没吃冰淇淋了，我们感到非常兴奋。exciting令人兴奋的;excited感到兴奋的。9.find→finding.句意:如果你找书有任何困难请联系我。Havedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困难，故将find改为finding.。10.just后加to句意:为了得到更多的饼干，我可能要再退休一次。此处考查不定式作目的状语。题组二能力提升1.siting句意:然而，室内实际上很空荡，只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子，描述前面onecouple所发生的动作行为用动词的现在分词。2.going句意:这些情况下，俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keepdoing"一直......。3.Knowing句意:掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。此处考查动名词作主语,故Knowing.4.noticing句意:没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。此处without为介词，故后面接动名词作宾语。5.living句意:我们都盼望生活在一个和谐的社会。此处短语lookforwardto中的to为介词,故接动名词作宾语。6.playing句意:在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。Spend….(in)doingsth.“花费.......做某事"。7.toreduce句意:为减少工业污染，净化水源耗费了几年的努力。此处考查句型Ittakes+时间段十todosth.it为形式主语，指代后面的不定式。8.tounderstand句意;哈佛大学为期13年对儿童早期发展的研究表明：到3岁时,大多数孩子有很大潜力能弄懂大约1000个单词。名词potential后需用不定式作定语。9.ranking句意:因此，他这次考试考得非常好。在班级排第一名。此处考查现在分词作伴随状语。0.sliding句意:事实上,我没听到任何声音，也许是因为我从岩石上滑下来时发出的声音。主语I与slide之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故需v.ing形式作状语,故答案为