教案-过去完成时

环球雅思学科教师辅导教案学员编号：年级：初三课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：丁海玲授课类型T(同步〕过去完成时星级★★授课日期及时段教学内容过去完成时过去完成时专题导入专题导入Anappleaday,keepsthedoctoraway.ateanappleslept----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->HadeatenanapplesleptnowIhadeatenanapplebeforesheslept.(AfterIhadeatenanapple,Islept.)考点梳理考点梳理一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时〔pastperfecttense〕表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比拟时才会用到。----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，它的否认句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。其中had通用于各种人称。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock？〔思考如何答复〕二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by,bythetimeof,等介词短语或者是when，before，after等引导的从句。如：=1\*GB2⑴由by,bytheendof,bythen等引导的状语从句。Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。Hehadgonetobedby10:00lastnight.PS错误说法：hehadgonetobedat10:00lastnight.这时应该用过去时。=2\*GB2⑵由when，before，after等引导的从句。Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroomwhentheirteachercame.(当老师来的时候他们已经清扫完了教师)Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroombeforetheirteachercame.=3\*GB2⑶在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。，表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发生的事情。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。Shewonderedwhohadleftthedooropen.她想知道是谁没关门。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for或since等连用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。三、过去完成时-语法判定1.根据“标志”由时间状语来判定〔1〕一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by，bytheendof，bythen,或者when，after，before等引导的状语从句。以及句子中会出现的already,just,once等词语。也会有for……或since……TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.上周三以前他们已经种了6百棵树了。〔2〕在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.〔3〕、表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。例如：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.我本来希望你能来，但是你没有来。2.根据语义或上、下文来判定。例：IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丧失的钥匙找到了。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。=1\*GB2⑴before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，假设主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，那么主、从句都用一般过去时。例如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed./AfterIfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.

=2\*GB2⑵动作的顺序往往十分清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。例如：

Igotoutofthetaxi,paidthefare,tippedthedriveranddashedintothestation.典例精讲典例精讲1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone

B.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goes

D.hadstudied,hadgone解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。2.Thestudents________busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.hadwritten,leftB.werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeenin

B.hadbeenin

C.hadbeento

D.hadgoneto解析："小培说她去了海南三个月

"。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的hadbeenin.应选B.

举一反三举一反三一、单项选择

1WhenLiMinghurriedhome，hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.Ahas；beensent

Bhad；sent

Chas；sent

Dhad；beensent

2We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.Ahadlearned

B

learned

Chavelearned

Dwillhavelearned

3HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch，soshewasveryhungry.Ahashad

Bhasn'thave

Chavehad

Dhadn'thad

4Bytheendof1976，manybuildings_____builtinthecity.Ahavebeen

Bhave

Chadbeen

Dwill

5She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft；comes

Bhadleft；wouldcome

Chadleft；came

Dleft；hadcome

6HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.Ahadenjoyed

Bwasenjoying

Chaveenjoyed

Dhavebeenenjoying

7Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.

Ahasbegun；get

Bhasbeenon；get

Chadbegun；got

Dhadbeenon；got

答案：1D

2A

3D

4C

5C

6A

7C课堂小测课堂小测填空

1WhenIreturnedhome，he_____〔leave〕。

2Bytenyesterdayevening，she________〔finish〕writing.

3He______〔study〕Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.

4It____

_____〔stop〕rainingwhenIwakeupthismorning.

5I_____〔notread〕thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.

6Shesaidshe____〔be〕bornin1992.

7Whenhe_____〔come〕toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe________〔learn〕someChineseinhisowncountry.

8IsawHanMeiyesterday.We_____〔notsee〕eachothersinceleftBeijing.

9WhenIgottohishome，he_____〔go〕tobed.

10SheaskedifMr.Liu_____already_____〔come〕back.翻译句子：9.到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影?10.今天上午十点钟前,他已完成了这项工作。11.在我妈妈回来之前,我已经完成了作业。

答案：

1hadleft

2hadfinished

3hadstudied

4hadstopped

5didn'tread6was

7came

hadlearnedhadn'tseen

9hadgone10hadcome9HowmanyEnglishfilmshadyouseenbytheendoflastmonth?10Hehadfinishedtheworkbeforeteno’clockthismorning.11Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymotherreturned.回忆小结回忆小结做题时常见错误如下：一、had形式易写错例：Hehads〔have〕gonehomewhenIgottohisoffice.

答案：had

解析：have/has的过去式都为had，had在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混

例：HeaskedwhatIhave〔have〕said.

答案：had

解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混

例：Shelived〔live〕inNewYorkforeightyearsbeforehecametoChina.

答案：hadlived解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时主要表达过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的那么只用一般过去时。课后作业课后作业一.单项选择1．Heaskedme____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/15.Bythetimehewas4,he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie__B_____theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon22Mymother_____inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.works23.Dad_C_______whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watchB.wasfallingasleep…watchedC.fellasleep……waswatchingD.hadfallenasleep…watched二.用动词的适当形式填空1.We_______(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____(make)awillbeforehe_____(die).3.They___(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey____(leave).4.Therobbers_hadrunaway____(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).5.I______(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI___(go)tobed.6.Paul(go)outwithJaneafterhe_____(make)aphonecall.7.Tom__(say)he_______(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan_____(fail)becausewe______(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman_____(finish)speaking,he____(leave)thehall.10.TheReads(have)lunchwhenI____(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI________(arrive)atthestation,he_____(leave).12..We___(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.I〔wait〕he_____(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_____already_____(do)15.She_didn'tgo___(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe____(go)therebefore.16.He__(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe________already___(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I_____(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______(sing).三．句型转换1．Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.〔改否认句〕2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.〔改否认句〕3.Theybegantoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.〔否认〕4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.〔改一般疑问〕5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.〔改一般疑问〕6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.〔改一般疑问〕7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.〔对划线局部提问〕8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.〔对划线局部提问〕9..Jackdidn’tgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.〔对划线局部提问〕10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.〔对划线局部提问〕11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.〔对划线局部提问〕12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.〔用过去完成时连接两句〕13.Jim’sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.〔用过去完成时连接两句〕14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用过去完成时连接两句)Afterwe___________,we______________15.Heshowedusapicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用过去完成时连接两句)Beforehe__________,he__________________四.完形填空Scientistsstudytheworldandlearnaboutthingsusingaprocesscalledthescientificmethod(方法).Byaskingimportantquestionsand16theanswers,itispossibletomakeamazingdiscoveries!Sometimesascientistis17toanswerhisownquestions,butifhehastakengoodnotesanotherscientistmaycomealonglaterwhoisabletousenewknowledgetoanswerit.Whenyouusethescientificmethodto18anexperiment,youstartbymakingobservations(观察)aboutsomethingthat19you.Basedonyourobservations,youmakeahypothesis.Thisisusing20youknowtomakeasmartguessaboutwhatyouthinkcouldhappen.Thenyouarereadytobeginyourexperiment.All21yourexperimentyoutakedownnotes,whichare22experimentdate(资料).Youareconstantlymakingobservationsduringthistime.Youmaymakediscoveriesthatcauseyoutoimproveyourexperimentasyougo.23,youconcludeyourexperimentandbegintolookoveryournotestodecidewhatitallmeans.Basedonwhatyouhavelearned,youmakeafinalstatementabout24yourhypothesiswascorrectornot.Youhavetohavereasonsandevidencetosupportwhatyouaresaying.Usingthescientificmethodcanbedifficult,butrewarding.Becauseallthestepsareorganizedinaprocess,the25aremorevalid(可信的).Whenyouprovideobservationsasevidencetosupportwhatyouaresaying,yourideasaremorelikelytobeaccepted.A.waitingforB.searchingforC.worryingaboutD.complainingaboutA.unableB.sureC.readyD.surprisedA.readB.refuseC.preventD.conductA.hurtsB.representsC.interestsD.attacksA.whatB.whenC.whyD.whichA.withoutB.includingC.exceptD.duringA.controlledB.arrangedC.calledD.carriedA.Obviously