Unit1ArtDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版（201）选择性

InfinitivesasPredictiveDiscoverUsefulStructuresUnit01ARTLearningObjectives01ReadandFindReadthesesentencesandfillintheblanksusingthecorrectwordsfromthetextonpages2and3.Discusswithyourpartnerthefunctionoftheitalicizedinfinitives.Perhapsthebest_____tounderstandWesternartistolook

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.DuringtheMiddleAges,the_______ofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Inthiswork,Monet’s____wastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene...___________________________wasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”waypurposeaimWhattheyattemptedtodo动词不定式（短语）作表语

动词不定式（短语）作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。一、不定式的形式1.基本形式：

to+动词原形2.其否定形式是:

not

todo.

主动语态

被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing二、动词不定式作表语的结构、含义与功能Matchthesentencehalvesandunderlinethekeywordsofthesubjectineachsentence.1Theyoungsinger'sintentionofperformingthesongwas2Thebestwaytodobusinessis3Whatthesurvivorsattemptedtodowas4Themainpurposeofarteducationinschoolsis5Theaimofthetwoleadersattheconferencewas6Forahumbleperson,oneofthehardestthingsmightbe7Whenyouarefacedwithaseriousdecision,mysuggestionis8Themother'swishis9AllhewantedafteratiringdaywasTheyoungsinger’sintentionofperformingthesongwastosharehisloveforrockmusicwithhisfans.Themainpurposeofarteducationinschoolsistoinspirestudentstobecreative.Theaimofthetwoleadersattheconferencewastoachievepermanentpeacebetweentheirtwocountries.Whenyouarefacedwithaseriousdecision,mysuggestonistolistentoyourowninnervoice.ObserveandDiscover动词不定式作表语Tip1：主语是以__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________等表意向、打算、计划的名词时，或者以_____________________表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。method，problem，task，wish，aim，goal，purpose，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，way，stepwhat引导的名词性从句有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括what,who,how,when,where等。例如：Theproblemwashowtobegin.Thebestwaytodobusinessistobuildtrustbetweenyouandyourclient.Forahumbleperson,oneofthehardestthingsmightbetocriticiseotherpeople.tip2当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_____或者主语被___________________或形容词________修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。allonly,first,one,least最高级tip3动词不定式作表语可表“________________________________________”等。Inourcountry，peopleunder18are____________.(禁止)在我们国家，未满18周岁的人禁止开车。Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare___________.(愿望)如果你想成功，你必须有耐心和恒心。Youare_________aface-to-facetalkwiththem.(劝告)

你必须得和他们进行一次面对面的谈话。nottodrivetosucceed

同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止等tohave4.表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。Thatexperiencewastochangehiswholelife.那次经历会改变他的整个生活。Youmusttellmeaboutit，ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须告诉我那件事。5.用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，oughtto，must，具有情态意义。Youaretoberewarded.你应该受到奖励。(should)It’snowheretobefound.哪儿也找不到它。(can’tbe)Thesebooksarenottobesold.这些书不应该被卖掉。(oughtnottobe)6.不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。Yourclientistoblameforthelossofsomuchmoney.损失这么多钱应该怪你的客户。7.动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to:

Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”Intheevening

theonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.三、动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别

1、当动词所表达的是某一具体的行为，将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。

v-ing动名词作表语则表示多次的、反复的、习惯性的行为与动作。2、动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即如果句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式,

则表语也应使用动词不定式。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.Whatheisaddictedtoisplayingvideogamesatnight.▲但这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，比如在job，problem等名词后面就可用不定式或动名词作表语，且意思区别很小。如：Theproblemisfindingthetimetogetthesethingsdone.问题是要找到完成这些事情的时间。Theproblemistofindasuitableplaceforthesculpture.问题是要找到一个合适的地方安放这个雕塑。

02PracticeandConsolidationⅠ.单句语法填空Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodois______(help)thepoor.Thisyear,hisplanis_______(make)somechangesintheteachingmethod.WhatIsuggestis

_______(start)workatonce.Oneofherhobbiesis

_________(collect)stamps.Ithinkitisyourbrotherwhois_______(blame)fortheaccident.

helptomaketostartcollectingtoblameYouare______________(reward)

ifyouhavemadeabreakthrough.Throughmyyearsofschoollife,I’velearnedthatifweare________(make)

adifferenceinlife,it’sofgreatimportancethatweshouldbeginwithsmallthings.Thestudentstrustherverymuch;

asaresult,

heradviceis__________(influence)

theirdecisions.

toberewardedtomake

toinfluenceWorkinpairs.Makeconversationsusingthefollowingquestionsandsentencepatterns.A：Howareyougoingtoachieveyourgoal?Doyouhaveanyplans?B：Yes，myplanistorunmyfirstmara-thonintwoyears’time.IthinkallIhavetodoisstartrunningshorterraces，andthengetusedtolongerandlongerraces.A：Whatmightbedifficultforyou?B：Ithinkoneofthehardestthingsmightbetrainingmybodyandmindtoenduresuchalongrace.A：Howareyougoingtodealwiththat?B：Iguessthebestwaytodealwiththatistotrainslowlybutwithgreatfocus，getalotofsupportfromfriendsandfamily，alwaysbepositive，andkeepmylong-termgoalinmind.Summary一、动词不定式（短语）作表语的用法主语是以method，problem，task，wish，aim，goal，purpose，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，way，step等表意向、打