初中英语常用的八种时态总结

英语时态

初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，即一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时,

过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时。现从结构，作用，时间状语三方面加以介绍。

•动词形式分五种：1.动词原形f2.第三人称单数-3.过去式一4.过去分词-5.现在分词

动词形式用法及作用举例

词典、单词表所给词形，用于一般现在Flowerssmellsweet.

1.动词原形时（主语为复数）及情态动词、助动词Theyenjoydancingtothemusic.

后。Youshouldbemorepolite.

2.动词原形+用于现在时单数第三人称。其词尾变化Heisa16-year-oldstudent.

s/es规则与名词复数变化规则相同。Shewashesherhandsseveraltimes.

Iwroteabooklastyear.

3.动词过去式用于一般过去时态。WewereinGradeTwoin2003.

Theyhadmanytestslastweek.

4.过去分词用于各种完成时态、被动语态。Wehavelearnednearly1600words.

其变化分为规则和不规则两种。Hehadwritten8lettersbefore9.

Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

5.现在分词用于各种进行时态。现在进行时、过去Youarelisteningtomeexplaining.

进行时。词尾以-ING结尾。Hewashavinganexamat8yesterday.

一、一般现在时

其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+am,is,are+其它。

否定句主语+am,is,are+not+其它。

一般疑问句Am,Is,Are+主语+其它?

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am,is,are+主语+其它？

实意动词1）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时

肯定句主语+动词原形+其它。

否定句主语+don't+动词原形+其它。

一般疑问句虬+主语+动词原形+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+皿+主语+动词原形+其它？

2）主语为第三人称单数时

肯定句主语+动词第三人称单数+其它。

否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。

一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它?

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+也强+主语+动词原形+其它？

其作用为：表示习惯性，经常性的动作;表示现在的状态与特征；表示普遍真理

其常用时间状语为often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday(week,year...),inthemorning

(afternoon,evening)等。

Ex.1.she(go)tothelibraryeverySunday?

此题为习惯性动作，答案为Does,go.

2.Theyoften_(swim)insummer.

此题为经常性动作，答案为swim.

3.(be)everyonehere?

此题表示现在的状态,答案为Is.

4.Theearth____(travel)roundthesun.

此题表示普遍真理,答案为travels.

二、一般过去时

其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+was,were+其它。

否定句主语+was,were+not+其它。

--般疑问句Was,Were+主语+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was,were+主语+其它？

实意动词肯定句主语+动词过去式+其它。

否定句主语+didn't+动词原形+其它。

一般疑问句次+主语+动词原形+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+逗+主语+动词原形+其它？

其作用为：表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作

其常用时间状语为yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,...ago>last...及其它表过去的时间,

如in1998等.

Ex.1.1thenumberdownonapieceofpaperamomentago.

AwriteBwritedCwroteDwriting

此题表过去的情况，且write为不规则动词，答案为C.

2.Everything_____readybeforeFathercame.

AwereBwasCisDare

此题句中暗示为过去时，且everything后跟第三人称单数，答案为B.

3.Healwaysmelastterm.

AhelpedBhelpsChelpingDhelp

此题表过去习惯性动作，且help为规则动词，答案为A.

三、一般将来时

其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+willbe+其它。

否定句主语+willnotbe+其它。

--般疑问句Will+主语be+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+win+主语+be+其它？

实意动词肯定句主语+wi11+动词原形+其它。

否定句主语+won't+动词原形+其它。

一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+wi11+主语+动词原形+其它？

当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为shall.且若为疑问句只能为shall.

其作用为:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态.

也可用主语+am,is,are+goingtodo+动词原形+其它来表示计划，打算或决定要做的事情。

对于很快就会发生的事，还可用进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如g。，come,

leave等。

其常用时间状语为tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next...,in+时间段及其它表将来的时间,

如in2010等.

Ex.1.Hurryup,oryou(be)late.

2.Whatyou(do)tomorrow?

3.They(have)6subjectsnextterm.

4.Ithinkitagainlaterintheday.

ArainsBwillgoingtorainCisgoingtorainDwillberain

5.Where______thistimenextyear?

AwillyoubeBwillbeyouCyouwillbeDwillyougoingtobe

四、现在进行时

其结构为：肯定句主语+am,is,are+现在分词+其他.

否定句主语+am,is,are+not+现在分词+其他.

一般疑问句Am,Is,Are+主语+现在分词+其他？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am,is,are+主语+现在分词+其他？

其作用为:表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作

其常用时间状语为now,thisweek,thesedays等，也可是置于句首的Look,Listen.

现在进行时也可表示最近按计划安排将进行的动作，常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词

语，如go,come,leave,arrive等。

注：表态度，情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态(like,know,want,hear等)

Ex.1.Theyareplantingtreesonthehill.（改为否定句）

Theyarenotplantingtreesonthehill.

2.Tomiswritingalettertohisfriend.（改为一般疑问句）

IsTomwritingalettertohisfriend?

3.Iamgettingreadytorun.（就划线部分提问）

Whatareyougettingreadytodo?

五、过去进行时

其结构为：肯定句主语+was,were+现在分词+其他.

否定句主语+was,were+not+现在分词+其他.

一般疑问句Was,Were+主语+现在分词+其他？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was,were+主语+现在分词+其他？

其作用为：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。

其时间状语为：atthistime+过去时间(atthistimeyesterday),atthattime,at+具体时

间点+过去时间(at9:00o*clocklastnight),from具体时间点to具体时间点+过去时间(from7:00to

10:00yesterdaymorning)o

过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作

瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为when,while.

Ex.1.He(notwork)atthattime.

wasn,tworking.

2.Whentheteacher(come)in,they(talk)loudly.

came为瞬间发生的动作,weretalking为持续的动作。

3.Whatyou(read)lastnight?

如此题强调的是昨夜正在读什么，则答案为were,reaing如此题强调的是昨夜读了什么，则答案为did,

read

4.Hismother_______(return)whilehe_______(do)hishomework.

returned为瞬间发生的动作,wasdoing为持续的动作。

5.Myfather(watch)TVwhilemymother(cook).

waswatching,wascooking两动词均为持续的动作。while后的从句动词必须为进行时态。若

主句和从句均为进行时，连词必须为while.

六、现在完成时

其结构为：肯定句主语+have,has+过去分词+其它。

否定句主语+have,has+not+过去分词+其它。

一般疑问句Have,Has+主语+过去分词+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have,has+主语+过去分词+其它？

其作用与时间状语：

1)表示过去发生的动作影响到现在，常与already,yet,ever,never,just,before等副词连用。

2)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如for+时间段，since+过去

时间，提问用Howlong.

此外，sofar,in(during)thelast(past)+时间段也是该时态的时间状语。

现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。

在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。

如：die---havebeendead,open---havebeenopen,close—havebeenclosed,buy—havehad,

borrow--havekept

arrive（in,at）,come（to）+aplace---havebeenin+aplace,leave+aplace---havebeenaway

from+aplace,join+团体—havebeenin+团体，havebeena+团体成员等

Ex.1Howlonghaveyouthebook?

AborrowedBkeptClentDbought

答案为B。因此处需要一个持续性动词。

2.Weeachothersincehe

Adidn，tsee,leftBhaven'tseen,hasleftChaven，tseen,left

答案为C.因since的主句为现在完成时，从句为过去时。

3.____he______(wait)foryouforanhour?Has,waited

4.Wejust(have)ourlunch.Have,had

5.Sofar,noman(visit)thisvillage.hasvisited

七、过去将来时

其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+wouldbe+其它。

否定句主语+wouldnotbe+其它。

一般疑问句Would+主语+be+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它？

实意动词肯定句主语+Would+动词原形+其它。

否定句主语+wouldn't+动词原形+其它。

一般疑问句Would+主语+动词原形+其它?

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它?

注：也可用was,were+goingtodo的结构来表示。

其作用为:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情.此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。

Ex.1.Lindatoldmethatshe(go)totheparkthenextday.wouldgo

2.Wedidn，tknowwhenhe(arrive)untilhecalledus.wouldarrive

3.Theyaskedifthey(visit)thefarmbybus.weregoingtovisit

八、过去完成时

其结构为：肯定句主语+had+过去分词+其它。

否定句主语+had+not+过去分词+其它。

一般疑问句Had+主语+过去分词+其它？

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词+其它？

其作用为：过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，即过去的过去，与现在无关。

此时态常用于

1)以by,before+过去时间，时间段+before,the(wee以)before为时间状语的简单句中。

2)主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。

3)与一般过去时搭配，用于when,after,before引导的时间状语从句中

Ex.1.We____(be)theretwicebytheendoflastyear.hadbeen

2.They(finish)theworkbefore1998.hadfinished

3.Hesaidhe_______(see)thefilmtheweekbefore.hadseen

4.Thesun(rise)whenhegotup.hadrisen

5.Yesterday,I(leave)theclassroomafterI(clean)it.

lefthadcleaned

现在完成时中，关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求，在过去完成时中，依然适用。

EXERCISES

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Iusually(get)upatsix,butyesterdayI(get)upatseven,andtomorrowI

(get)upateight.

2.WhenIgotthere,youalready(start)playing.

3.She(draw)ahorseatthistimeyesterday.

4.We(study)inthisschoolfor3years.

5.Ifit(notrain)tomorrow,they(go)fishing.

6.Lilysaidthatshe(put)onthenewdressthenextday.

7.Howmanytimesthegirl(see)thefilmsincelastyear?

8.Jack(collect)morethantwohundredChinesestamps.

9.Bytheendoflastmonth,he(teach)usfourEnglishsongs.

10.Thedoctors(operate)onthesickboynow.

11.Mybrother(speak)Frenchwell.

12.There__(be)avolleyballmatchontheplaygroundtomorrowafternoon.

13.Look,thestudents(have)aphysicslessoninthelab.

14.Whenwe(arrive)homeyesterdayafternoon,thewind(blow)hard.

15.Wenever(hear)thestoryofMissEvansbefore.

16.I(notwrite)tomyfriendMikeforalongtime.

17.Please(notopen)thewindow.It(be)coldoutside.

18.Hurryup!We(wait)foryou.

19.Listen!Someone(knock)atthedoor.

20.Doyouknowifhe(come)nextweek?

21.Soonthey(build)ahighwaybetweenthetwocities.

22.Ijust(buy)adictionary.I(buy)itlastweek.Now,I(look)upaword

init.

23.He(finish)juniormiddleschoolinJuly1997.

24.Kate'ssister(play)thepianowonderfully.

25.Wedidn,tgettheticketsbecauseourteacher(give)themalltotheotherclass.

26.it(take)youhalfanhourtofinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

27.Theteachertoldusthatwe(nothave)amathstestthenextMonday.

28.thebus(come)yet?

29.Theseforeignfriends(be)totheGreatWalltwice.

30.Jimisn'tathome.He(go)tohisuncle，s.

31.Mother,mayIgooutandplay?”

〃you(clean)yourbedroom?”

“Yes,I(do)itfiveminutesago.”

32.Theboyisnothungry.He(have)hislunch.

33.Ithinkthesuit(fit)mebeforelongthoughit(notfit)menow.

34.Assoonastherain(stop),they(go)outandplayedhappily.

35.They(call)youinadayortwo.

36.I(tell)herthenewsassoonasshe(come)back.Ipromiseyou.(我答应你)

37.Heraunt(study)inGermanyatthistimelastyear.

38you(read)thisbook?No,butI(borrow)onefromthelibrary.Wouldyoulike

togowithme?

39.Pleasekeepquiet.Can，tyouseewe(talk)aboutsomethingimportant?

40.Ourteacheroften(work)atnightbutsheusually(go)toworkontime.

二、单项选择、填空

()1.---WhereisKate?---ShetoEngland.

A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.willbeD.willgo

()2.What____he.whenhismotheropenedthedoor?

A.did,doB.haddoneC.willdoD.was»doing

)3.---Howlongtheman?---For4years.

A.has,diedB.did,dieC.was,diedD.has,beendead

)4.Shetoldusthatsheourfactorythenextday.

A.hadvisitedB.wasvisitedC.wouldvisitD.willvisit

)5.Wenotgotothecinemaifitthisafternoon.

A.will,willsnowB.will,snowsC.do,snowsD.do,willsnow

)6.MrLeesaidhenevertoJapan.

A.has»goneB.has,beenC.had,goneD.had,been

)7.Theeartharoundthesunalltheyear.

A.hasmovedB.movedC.movesD.willmove

()8.Hehisbike,hehastowalktoschool.

A.lostB.losesC.haslostD.hadlost

)9.Iwaslateforthemeeting.WhenIreachedthere,allthepeople____.

A.hadleftB.hasbeenleftC.hasleftD.hadbeenaway

)10.TwoyearshaspassedsinceIyouthefirsttime.

A.meetB.havemetC.metD.hadmet

)11.IinBeijingforhalfayearnow.

A.wasB.havecomeC.hadcomeD.havebeen

)12.Whenwetherailwaystation,thetrainfor5minutes.

A.gotto,hadbeenawayB.reached,hadleft

C.arrived,hasbeenawayD.arrivedat,hasleft

)13.--------wegoandseeLiuMingtomorrow?

---Goodidea!Hebeverypleased.

A.Will,willB.Shall,willC.Shall,shallD.Will,shall

)14.ThestoryinLondoninl940.

A.happenedB.hashappenedC.happensD.washappening

)15.Look,thebirdstowardsthesouth.Theytothesoutheveryyear.

A.areflying,fliesB.fly,areflying

C.areflying,flyD.wereflying,flew

)16.Howlonghaveyou____thebook?

A.boughtB.borrowedC.keepD.had

)17.IhavetheUSAfortwomonths.

A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.went

)18.Wemillionsoftreesonthehillsinafewyears'time.

A.haveplantedB.plantedC.willplantD.plant

)19.They_______afilmthisevening.

A.seeB.areseeingC.shallseeD.aregoingtosee

)20.MybrotheraLeaguememberforthreeyears.

A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.hasjoinedD.was

)21.HeknewBeijingverywellbecausehetheremanytimes.

A.hadbeenB.wentC.hasbeenD.was

)22.HisuncletheArmytwoyearsago.

A.joinsB.joinedC.hasjoinedD.hasbeenin

)23.He____therealready.

A.arrivesB.arrivedC.hasarrivedD.hasbeen

)24.Pleasetomeassoonasyouthere.

A.write,getB.wrote,gotC.writing,getD.write,willget

)25.He——somefriendsandheoftenthemduringhisstayinTokyo.

A.has,visitsB.has,visitedC.had,visitedD.had,visits

)26.HowoftenyoutotheparkwhenyouwereinTianjin?

A.do,goB.did,goC.will,goD.have,gone

)27.Whatdoyoudotomorrow?

A.wanttoB.goingtoC.gotoD.liketo

)28.Thestudents_____onafarmfortendays.Thenthey____toafactory.

Thoughtheybackatschool,theystillrememberedthosefamersandworkers.

A.havestayed,went,wereB.hadstayed,go,are

C.havestayed,go,havebeenD.hadstayed,went,were

)29.ItThursdaytomorrow.

A.isgoingtobeB.willgoingtobeC.willD.willbe

)30.Ihimsincewelastmetin1998.

A.don，tseeB.haven，tseenC.didn'tseeD.haveseen

)31.Mymotheroftenclotheslastsummer.

A.washB.washesC.washedD.iswashing

)32.He_______alwayslateforschoolwhenhewasyoung.

A.isB.wasC.willbeD.were

)33.Heusuallytoschoolbybus.

A.goB.wentC.goesD.willgo

)34.LastsummerIwenttoBeijingandthereforonemonth.

A.havestayedB.staysC.stayD.hadstayed

)35.Lastnight,myfatherreadingthebookforabout2hours.

A.keepsB.hadkeptC.keptD.haskept

)36.Doyouknowthatsoundmuchmoreslowlythanlight.

A.goB.wentC.goesD.willgo

)37.Assoonashehome,hewillhaveabath.

A.getB.willgetC.getsD.isgetting

)38.Hefellasleepwhileheabook.

AreadBwasreadingCisreadingDhadread

)39.Look,someone______apictureontheblackboard.Howbeautifulitlooks!

A.drawsB.isdrawingC.hasdrawnD.drew

)40.Lookattheemptyroom.Alltheguests.

A.are,leavingB.leftC.haveleftD.willleave

)41.Look,Susan!Whatabeautifuldressmymotherme!

A.isbuyingB.hasboughtC.buysD.bought

)42.Hisfatherdiedwhenhe_______achild.

AisBwasChadbeenDhasbeen

)43.Wearrivedafterthefilm.

A.hasstartedB.hadstarted

C.wasstartedD.hadbeenstarted

)44.Let'swaittilltherain.

A.hasstoppedB.willstopC.isstoppingD.stops

)45.It5yearssincewekneweachother.

A.isB.hadbeenC.willbeD.was

)46.She____sadsinceyouwentaway.

A.hasbeenB.isC.wasD.hadbeen

)47.Ihimfortwomonths.

A.gottoknowB.havegottoknowC.haveknowD.knew

)48.That*swhyyousoworriedinthelastfewdays.

A.areB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.were

)49.Thescientistusatalkonairbythen.

A.gaveB.willgiveC.givesD.hadgiven

)50._____5:30yesterday,theyhadfinishedthwork.

A.AtB.InC.OnD.By

)51.Ithinkhewillbeback____threedays.

A.afterB.inC.onD.later

)52.Ithinkhewillbeback_____threeo'clock.

A.afterB.inC.onD.later

)53.WhereisJim?liehislessonsintheclassroom.

A.doesB.isdoingC.hasdoneD.did

)54.WhereisJim?HetoLondon.

A.hasgoneB.goesC.wentD.willgo

)55.Whenhegottothecinema,thefilmhadforhalfanhour.

A.begunB.beenonC.startedD.beenin

)56.---Didyouseehimlastnight?---No,hetobedwhenIgothome.

A.wentB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hadbeen

)57.--------youthemedicine?---Yes,I______itafterlunch.

A.Didtake,tookB.havetaken,havetaken

C.Havetaken,tookD.willtake,takes

)58.JudytheGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill____togothere.

A.wentto,wantedB.goesto,wants

C.hasgoneto,wantsD.hasbeento,wants

)59.—Excuseme.Lookatthesign：Nosmoking.—Sorry,I____it.

A.don'tseeB.didn，tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee

)60.Tomhasworkedtheretwoyearsago.

A.forB.atC.inD.since

)61.Iyouforalongtime.Whereyou?

Adidn'tsee,didgoBdidn'tsee,havegone

Chaven'tseen,havebeenDhaven，tseen,havegone

)62.HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?

A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still

)63.—Tomout.—Oh,hashe?Whattime____heout?

A.is,did,goB.went,is,going

C.hasgone,did,goD.isgoing,does,go

)64.—WhereisLiLei?

—He____hissportsshoesintheroom.He____footballwithhisfriends.

A.isputtngon,isplayingB.putson,willplay

C.isputtingon,willplayD.puton,played

)65.LilyandLucycanspeakgoodChinesebecausetheyChinafor6years.

A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havecometoD.were

)66.ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybikeifitfinetomorrow.

A.willbeB.isC.wasD.does

)67.Henry____abirthdaycardforSamyesterday.

A.hasboughtB.buysC.boughtD.willbuy

)68.Howlongatthisfactory?

A.haveyoucomeB.hasheinC.willhebeD.hadhebeen

)69.rvethisdictionaryayear.It'sstillnewnow.

A.bought,forB.had,forC.bought,sinceD.had,since

)70.WhenIgottothefactory,theworkers____aboutthefilm.

A.are,talkingB.havetalkedC.weretalkingD.talked

)71.Ourknowledgeoftheuniverseallthetime.

A.growB.isgrowingC.growsD.grew

)72.Herememberedhe_______anewjacket,buthe_____forit.

A.haschosen,haspaidB.haschosen,hasn，tpaid

C.hadchosen,hadpaidD.hadchosen,hadn，tpaid

)73.r11catchupwithLucybeforeshe_____thefinishingline.

A.reachB.isreachingC.reachesD.willreach

)74.--Meimei,whydidn'tyougivethebooktoAnn?

---Well,she____acopyforherselflastweek.

A.buysB.hadboughtC.hasboughtD.bought

)75.Stayinside.Ithardoutsiderightnow.

A.israiningB.hasrainedC.wasrainingD.rains

)76.---Wouldyoupleasenotdrawpicturesonthewall?---Sorry,Iitagain.

A.amnotdoingB.don，tdoC.didn，tdoD.won，tdo

)77.---Howlonghaveyou_____there?---About4years.

A.comeB.goneC.leftD.worked

()78.Hehishomeworkandnowislisteningtomusic.

A.finishedB.willfinishC.hasfinishedD.finish

()79.TheReadslunchwhenIgottotheirhouse.

A.werehavingB.washavingC.arehavingD.ishaving

()80.Hishair___whitethesedays.

A.haveturnedB.areC.hasturnedD.willbe

答案：

1.Bhasbeento表示去过某地，但现在已回来。hasgoneto表示去了某地，且现在还未回来。C、D

选项不符合题意。

2.D本题强调他妈妈开门的一瞬间他正在做什么，而非做了什么。B,C选项不符合题意。

3.DHowlong,for均暗示本题应用完成时，且die为终止性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，C为干扰

项.

4.Ctold,thenextday均暗示本题应用过去将来时，A不符合题意，B为干扰项。

5.B在if引导的条件状语从句中，要求主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。

6.Dsaid,never均暗示本题应用过去完成时，而此题又强调主语从未去过日本。

7.C此题为客观真理，必须用一般现在时。

8.C本题表示发生在过去的丢车事件对现在造成步行上学的影响。

9.A到达会场发生在过去，人已离开又发生在到达会场之前。应用过去完成时。本题中没有动作持续的

暗示，故不选D.

10.Csince引导的时间状语从句中，主句为现在完成时，从句应为一般过去时。

11.Dfor引导的时间段必须要用持续性动词。

12.A本题时态应为过去范畴，车开在先，人到在后，且for的出现标志从句动词应为持续性动词。

13.BShallwe/Idosth是争求对方意见或建议的常用句型，且shall只能用于第一人称.

14.A本题为过去范畴，且不强调某一具体时刻的动作，所以选A.

15.C本题look暗示现在进行时态，everyyear则表规律性动作，用一般现在时。

16.D与Howlong搭配应用持续性动词，keep不是过去分词故选D.

17.C与for+时间段搭配应用持续性动词。

18.Cin+时间段用于将来时。

19.