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学必求其心得,业必贵于专精学必求其心得,业必贵于专精学必求其心得,业必贵于专精涿州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练(2)及答案(第******篇)HowtoBeaWinnerSirStevenRedgraveWinnerof5OlympicGoldMedals“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer(职业生涯)wasover,Ifeltextremelylow。ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting。Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded。IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself。Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes。ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet。Nothingistostandinmyway.”KarenPickeringSwimmingWorldChampion“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary。Thisisthekeytosuceess—youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwellorganized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem."KirstenBestPoet&Writer“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,_suchasfamilyorhobbies。Thekeyistoconcentrate。WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm',‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind。Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological(心理的)tool.”[语篇解读]本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情,一是战胜了病痛,一定克服了精力分散的困难,一是通过坚持不懈努力,最后都取得了胜利。1.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A。Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C。Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease。D。Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin。[解析]推理判断题。第一部分写了SirSteven得了糖尿病,但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌,故D项符合题意。[答案]D2.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?A。Hertrainingschedule。B。Herdailyhappenings。C。Herachievements.D。Hersportscareer.[解析]事实细节题.第二部分第二句中,it指代前面的句子内容,即她的训练计划。[答案]A3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions"probablyreferto?A.Waysthathelponetofocus.B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.C.Activitiesthatturnone’sattentionaway。D。Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax。[解析]猜测词义题。从下文“Thekeyistoconcentrate。”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。[答案]C4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?A.Courage。 B。Devotion.C。Hardwork。 D。Selfconfidence。[解析]事实细节题。第一部分中“IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.",第二部分中“Trustyourself.。。”及第三部分中“Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence..。"都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处.[答案]D[长难句解读]Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.相信你自己,不论目标多小,每天把它们写下来,这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。“祈使句+and/or+现在将来时句子”结构中,祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。本句含有两个祈使句,第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。***************************************************结束科普说明文:Africanelephant有两个不同的种类66.fossils定位,找到第三段第一句,有两种fossils,mam和mas,选项D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence与distinct同义替换,对应选项C68。conclusion,basedon定位,找到倒数第二段最后一句layin与basedon同义替换,答案:A69。AR定位,找到倒数第一段,从AR的话中,第一句forconservationpurpose,最后一句forconservationpurpose确定A70.文章首句点明全文主旨,答案:C4.(2011·江西卷)DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked。Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible。Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor。Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger。Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects。Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潜在的)resourcestobefound。Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater。Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives。Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems。Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby—products(副产品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus。Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive。Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1? A。Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Tocomparedifferentideas。 C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion. D。TodescribetheconditionsonEarth。72。WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2? A。Humansarenature—borntodoso。 B.Humanshavethetendencytofight. C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood。 D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.73。Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______。 A.survivalchances B.potentialresources C。unexpectedbenefits D.physicalpossessions74。Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets? A。O urgeneticmakeup. B.Resourcesontheearth.. C。Theadaptiveabilityofhumans。 D.By-productsinspaceexploration.75。Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage? A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders. B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney。 C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.解析:71.推理判断题.答案选C.文章是典型的议论说明文,是提出问题,分析问题的套路。第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论.并不是真的有这些怀疑,也没有鲜明的正反观点,所以AB不对。D偏差较远.
72.主旨题.答案选A。第二段是典型的总分总结构,主旨句在段首段尾.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings。主要原因在于人类基因。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。73。词义猜测题.选C。根据spinoff前面的wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoff关键词benefit,受益。而spinoff后面的including…说的全是获得的利益,如improvementsinearthquakeprediction.地震预测的进步等等,而不是什么生存机会,或者潜在资源。所以选C。74.细节题.答案选C。按照问题顺序一致原则,答案应当出现在最后两段。在最后一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.直接由翻译可知,人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。75.推理判断题。选D.除去前两段引入,第三段主旨句(首句)的意思是每个文明都会探索周围文明以减低危险,第四段主旨句(首句)说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在能源。第五段主旨句(首句)说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源.总的来说,就可归结为,太空探索可以帮助我们很多,避免很多问题。*****************************************************************结束短文改错(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误,对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边的横线上划一个(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误);则按下列情况改正: 此行多一词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。 注意:原行没有错的不要改. Thisisastorytoldbymyfather:“WhenIwasboy, 66。themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpring
67.Festival.Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld
68.butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.Onetime,Ijust 69。couldn'twaitfortheSpringFestivaldinner.AsIwas
70.abouttakeapiecefromacookedduck,IsawGrandmain
71。thekitchenlookingatme.Shakeherhead,shesaid,‘It
72。isn'tagoodtimetodothat,dear.'AtonceIapologize
73。andcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.You
74。know,thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth."
75。参考答案、、66。boy前加a67。去掉when68。cooker改为cook69.but改为and70。√71.about后加to72。Shake改为Shaking73.apologize改为apologized74.me改为myself75。month改为months************************************************************结束例1(2012江苏卷)DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop—eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65。Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof。America’sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo。1onalistof”useless”collegedegrees。Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn’tbeanythingthat’smoreincorrect,”Merrigansaid."Weknowthattherearen’tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture。Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid。“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture。Globaldemandisatanall—timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall—timerecordlows,"saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau."Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture。”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood。TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest,presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture。The21-year—oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics。Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid。“there’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin。”59。WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A。Fewerandolderfarmers。 B.Higherfuelprices。C。Morenaturaldisasters。 D.Loweragriculturaloutput.[点拨]A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thecountry’sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace”可知,A项正确.60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?A. Todrawfederalagricultureofficials’attention.B。 Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates。C。 Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D。 Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers[点拨]D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“…i
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