涿州市1高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练及答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精涿州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（2）及答案(第*****＊篇)HowtoBeaWinnerSirStevenRedgraveWinnerof5OlympicGoldMedals“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes（糖尿病）．Believingmycareer(职业生涯）wasover，Ifeltextremelylow。ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting。Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded。IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself。Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes。ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet。Nothingistostandinmyway.”KarenPickeringSwimmingWorldChampion“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary。Thisisthekeytosuceess—youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwellorganized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself，writedownyourgoalsfortheday，howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem."KirstenBestPoet&Writer“Whenthingsaregettinghard，avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions，_suchasfamilyorhobbies。Thekeyistoconcentrate。WhenIfeeltense，ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm',‘peace’or‘focus’，eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind。Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological(心理的）tool.”[语篇解读]本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力,最后都取得了胜利。1．WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A。Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C。Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease。D。Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin。［解析］推理判断题。第一部分写了SirSteven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D项符合题意。[答案]D2．WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary？A。Hertrainingschedule。B。Herdailyhappenings。C。Herachievements.D。Hersportscareer.[解析］事实细节题.第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。［答案］A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions"probablyreferto？A.Waysthathelponetofocus.B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.C.Activitiesthatturnone’sattentionaway。D。Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax。［解析]猜测词义题。从下文“Thekeyistoconcentrate。”可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。［答案]C4．Accordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveincommon?A.Courage。 B。Devotion.C。Hardwork。 D。Selfconfidence。［解析］事实细节题。第一部分中“IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself."，第二部分中“Trustyourself.。。”及第三部分中“Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence..。"都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处.［答案］D[长难句解读］Trustyourself，writedownyourgoalsfortheday，howeversmalltheyare，andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.相信你自己，不论目标多小,每天把它们写下来,这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。“祈使句＋and/or＋现在将来时句子”结构中，祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。本句含有两个祈使句，第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。**＊＊＊＊＊****＊＊＊**＊＊＊＊*＊**＊*＊*＊*＊**＊*＊＊*****＊＊＊＊＊＊*＊＊结束科普说明文：Africanelephant有两个不同的种类66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句,有两种fossils,mam和mas，选项D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C68。conclusion，basedon定位，找到倒数第二段最后一句layin与basedon同义替换,答案：A69。AR定位,找到倒数第一段,从AR的话中，第一句forconservationpurpose，最后一句forconservationpurpose确定A70.文章首句点明全文主旨,答案:C4.（2011·江西卷）DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace？Whyshouldmoney，timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits？WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked。Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments？Thewiderthespreadofaspecies，thebetteritschanceofsurvival。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible。Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso，anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor。Withoutknowledge，wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger。Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects。Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潜在的）resourcestobefound。Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem，theywillperhapsbeusefullater。Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives。Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction，insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems。Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby—products（副产品）oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative，braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus。Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive。Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace，thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist。WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent，buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1？ A。Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Tocomparedifferentideas。 C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion. D。TodescribetheconditionsonEarth。72。WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2? A。Humansarenature—borntodoso。 B.Humanshavethetendencytofight. C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood。 D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.73。Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______。 A.survivalchances B.potentialresources C。unexpectedbenefits D.physicalpossessions74。Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets？ A。O urgeneticmakeup. B.Resourcesontheearth.. C。Theadaptiveabilityofhumans。 D.By-productsinspaceexploration.75。Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage? A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders. B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney。 C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.解析：71.推理判断题.答案选C.文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论.并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以AB不对。D偏差较远.

72.主旨题.答案选A。第二段是典型的总分总结构,主旨句在段首段尾.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings。主要原因在于人类基因。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。73。词义猜测题.选C。根据spinoff前面的wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoff关键词benefit，受益。而spinoff后面的including…说的全是获得的利益，如improvementsinearthquakeprediction.地震预测的进步等等，而不是什么生存机会，或者潜在资源。所以选C。74.细节题.答案选C。按照问题顺序一致原则,答案应当出现在最后两段。在最后一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife，surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.直接由翻译可知，人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。75.推理判断题。选D.除去前两段引入，第三段主旨句(首句）的意思是每个文明都会探索周围文明以减低危险，第四段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在能源。第五段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源.总的来说，就可归结为,太空探索可以帮助我们很多，避免很多问题。*＊＊＊＊***＊＊＊＊******＊**＊*＊＊**＊**＊****＊＊＊＊**＊＊*＊＊＊＊**＊***＊＊＊*＊＊＊**＊*结束短文改错（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划一个(√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误）；则按下列情况改正： 此行多一词:把多余的词用斜线(\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改. Thisisastorytoldbymyfather：“WhenIwasboy， 66。themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpring

67.Festival．Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld

68.butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes．Onetime,Ijust 69。couldn'twaitfortheSpringFestivaldinner．AsIwas

70.abouttakeapiecefromacookedduck,IsawGrandmain

71。thekitchenlookingatme．Shakeherhead,shesaid,‘It

72。isn'tagoodtimetodothat，dear．'AtonceIapologize

73。andcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted．You

74。know，thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth．"

75。参考答案、、66。boy前加a67。去掉when68。cooker改为cook69.but改为and70。√71.about后加to72。Shake改为Shaking73.apologize改为apologized74.me改为myself75。month改为months**＊＊*＊＊*＊*＊****＊**＊＊*＊＊*＊＊＊****＊＊＊＊**＊＊**＊*＊**＊＊**＊*＊**＊**＊＊结束例1（2012江苏卷）DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic（流行病）sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges，suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop—eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus（普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65。Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan，aformercollegeprofessor，ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof。America’sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo。1onalistof”useless”collegedegrees。Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn’tbeanythingthat’smoreincorrect,”Merrigansaid."Weknowthattherearen’tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture。Inaddition，agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70％morefoodproductionby2050，shesaid。“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture。Globaldemandisatanall—timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall—timerecordlows,"saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau."Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture。”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood。TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest，presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase，travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture。The21-year—oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics。Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新）intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid。“there’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin。”59。WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A。Fewerandolderfarmers。 B.Higherfuelprices。C。Morenaturaldisasters。 D.Loweragriculturaloutput.［点拨]A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thecountry’sfarmersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace”可知，A项正确.60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry？A. Todrawfederalagricultureofficials’attention.B。 Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates。C。 Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D。 Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers［点拨]D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“…i