北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

大兴区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高二英语本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheincidenthappenedonedayinNovember.AstrangeraskedSammywherehismotherandfatherwere,andheknewsomethingwasoff.Whilethewomanwas___1___tohim,sheinsistedthatsheknewhisfamily.Thewomanindicatedheshouldcomewithher,butyoungSammydidn’tfollow.Hewasunderstandably___2___thesituationbutoutofithecameupwithaplan.Theyoungsterenteredastoreheregularlywenttoand___3___thecashier,HannahDaniels.Thirty-year-oldHannahwasbehindtheregisterandSammy’s___4___weresomethingshewouldneverforget.Hewhisperedtoher,“Actlikeyou’remymom.Thisladyis___5___me.”Hannahremainedcalm,butshedidn’ttakeSammy’swordslightly.Hannahimmediatelyplacedherselfbetweentheboyandthewoman.Thewomanwasstandingjustoutsidethestore,soHannahcouldshutthedoorandlockit___6___somethingterriblehappened.Sammyrecalledthe___7___momentandnotedthathewastremblinginthestore.Hisdadhadtaughthimaboutthe___8___ofstrangersandtheriskofkidnappings(拐骗).Asaresult,theyoungsterknewhowto___9___tothewoman.Whentheboy’sfather,SamGreenlaterwatchedavideooftheincidentrecordedfromthestore’ssecuritycamera,hesaidhewasmovedtotears.Hehopestheirexperiencewould_____10_____othermomsanddadstoeducatetheirkidsbecauseitcanmakeasignificantdifference.1.A.nice B.unfamiliar C.similar D.polite2.A.worriedabout B.insistedon C.interestedin D.surprisedat3A.rejected B.analyzed C.caught D.approached4.A.grades B.jokes C.words D.hopes5.A.following B.challenging C.testing D.teaching6.A.since B.after C.until D.before7.A.exciting B.frightening C.satisfying D.disappointing8.A.danger B.love C.voice D.preference9.A.play B.respond C.talk D.complain10.A.invite B.allow C.encourage D.introduce第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whatmademychildhoodtrulyspecialwasournext-doorneighbor,Mrs.Greene,whowasaretiredschoolteacherthen.Everyweekend,Iwould____11____(eager)visither.Sittinginherlivingroomfilledwithbooksfromfloortoceiling,and____12____(listen)tohertaleswerethebestpartofmyweek.Thestorieswereheradventuresduringheryoungerdays.Istillrememberthewayhereyes____13____(light)upwitheverymemory,thepassioninhervoice,andthelifelessons.Itwasevidentthather____14____(teach)daysmighthaveended,butherwisdomhadn’t.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BusterKeaton,oftenovershadowed(使黯然失色)bythefameofCharlieChaplin,wasacomedictalentinhisownright.Bornin1895,heenteredshowbusinessatayoungageandquicklybecameknownforhisuniquebrandofphysicalcomedy.Films____15____(produce)byhimareconsideredtimelessclassics.____16____,whatdistinguishes(区别)himfromothercomediansishisabilityofhumor,atalent____17____depthisimmeasurable.Hewasnotjustaperformer;hewasanartistwhoseworkscontinuetoinfluencemoderncomedy.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Intheever-evolving(不断进化的)landscapeofmoderneducation,thevalueofcriticalthinkingskillscannotbeoverstated(过分强调).Generally____18____(speak),studentstodayareexpectedtonotonlymemorizefactsbutalsothinkcriticallyandapplytheiranalysesinreal-world____19____(situation).Schoolsnowhavemadeitmandatory(强制性的)toputproblem-solvingexercisesintheircourses.Manystudents,havingbeenstudyinginthesenewersystems,havemadesignificantimprovementsintheiranalyticalabilities.Thistransition,giventhestrongemphasisonlearninginthepast,____20____(mark)asuperchangeineducationalmethods.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGuideto“Clean&Green”HomeRecyclingWelcometothe“Clean&Green”homerecyclinginitiative(倡议)!Ourgoalistoassisthouseholdsinreducingtheirenvironmentalfootprintbyprovidingstep-by-stepinstructionsoneffectiverecyclingpractices.UnderstandingRecyclingTypesEverycityhasitsownrecyclingstandards,butthefollowingsaregenerallyuniversal:Plastics:Theseincludebottles,containers,andotherpackagingmaterials.Alwayscleanplasticsbeforerecyclingtoavoidpollution.Paper:Newspapers,magazines,andcardboardarerecyclable.However,soiledorwetpapershouldbediscardedasregularwaste.Glass:Bottlesandjarsofallcolorscanberecycled.Ensuretheyarefreeoffoodwaste.Metals:Commonrecyclablesarealuminumcansandtinfoil(锡纸).Removeanyfoodwastebeforedisposal(处理).StepsforEffectiveHomeRecyclingCollection:Useseparatebinsforeachtype.Markcontainerstoavoidconfusion(迷惑).Preparation:Asmentionedabove,cleantheitems.Thispreventswasteandincreasestherecyclabilityofthematerials.Storage:Avoidoverfillingrecyclingbins.Overpackedbinsmightleadtoimpropersortingatrecyclingfacilities.Drop-Off:Ifyourcitydoesn’tofferroadsidepickup,locateyournearestrecyclingdrop-offpoint.StayInformed:Recyclingguidelinescanchange.Regularlycheckcitywebsitesfor“Clean&Green”updates.RecyclingDOsandDON’TsDOencourageneighborsandfriendstoadoptrecyclinghabits.DON’Tmixdifferenttypesinonebin.DOinvestincompostingifpossible;it’sanothergreatwaytoreducewaste.DON’Trecycledangerousorelectronicwastewithregularrecyclables.Askyourcityforproperdisposalmethods.BenefitsofRecycling:Reduceslandfill(垃圾填埋)waste.Conservesnaturalresourcesandenergy.Preventspollutionbyreducingtheneedforrawmaterials(原材料).Supportspublichealthbyminimizingexposuretoharmfulthings.Jointhe“Clean&Green”initiativetodayandplayyourpartincreatingabrightfutureforthenextgenerations!21.Whichofthefollowingmaterialsneedstobecleanedbeforerecycling?A.Paper B.Plastics C.Metals D.Glass22.Accordingtotheguide,whatistheprimarygoalofthe“Clean&Green”initiative?A.Tosellrecyclingbins. B.Toencouragecomposting(堆肥).C.Toreducehouseholds’environmentalfootprints. D.Toupdaterecyclingguidelinesfrequently.23.Basedontheguide,whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Electronicwastecanberecycledwithregularrecyclables.B.YoushouldmixdifferenttypesinonebintosavespaceC.It’simportanttostayupdatedonrecyclingguidelines.D.Wetpaperispreferredforrecyclingasit’seasiertoprocessBIdaNelsonwasenjoyingandrelaxinginherbathwhensheheardthethunderofasmallairplanecirclingthenearbyairport.Itwas11：30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70,and,asshetoldtheNewYorkTimes,“Anytimeaplanefliesoverthatlate,youknowsomethingiswrong.”Nelsonandhersisterleapedoutofthebath,rantothewindowandsawtheproblem:Theairport’srunwaylightswereout.Nelsonthrewonsomeclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairportwhereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelightsmanually.“Normally,ifyoupushthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup.”Notthistime.Meanwhile,sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane’surgentmission:Itwasamedevac(救伤直升机),theretotransportaseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheswitchedherheadlightsonfortheplanetofollow.Greatidea,butitwasn’tenough.Morelightwasneeded,soaneighborcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage-32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedriversstillinpajamas.Followingthedirectionsfromthemedevacpilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Themedevacmadeitsfinalapproachand,guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwasloadedontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincerecoveredandleftthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity’spositiveactivismisabigdeal.NotsomuchforNelson.AsshetoldCNN,inIgiugig,comingtogetheris“kindofanormaldeal.”24.HowdidIdaNelsontellsomethingwronghappened?A.Byobservingtherunwaylights.B.Bylisteningtothesoundoftheairplane.C.Throughthetimetheairplaneturnedup.D.Throughthebehaviorofthelocalpilot.25.WhatwasNelson’sidea?A.Tolightuptherunway.B.Tohelprepairthelights.C.Tocallinmorevillagers.D.Toturnonmorerunwaylights.26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtoshow?A.Lovemakestheworldgoaround.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D.Asmallactioncanmakeabigdifference.CInthemodernage,socialmediaplatformshaveemergedaspowerfultoolsforcommunication,networking,andself-expression.Withbillionsofactiveusersworldwide,theseplatformshaveprofoundlyinfluencedthehumaninteraction.Recentpsychologicalstudieshavedelvedintounderstandingtheinfluenceofprolonged(长期)socialmediausageonindividualself-esteem(自尊)andidentityformation.ContextandPrevalence(流行)Socialmediaplatforms,includingWeibo,WeChatMoments,Douyin,andLittleRedBook,offerwaysforindividualstoprojectcuratedversionsoftheirlives.Whilethiscanserveasamediumofaffirmation,italsocomparesone’sdailylifeagainstthespeciallyeditedhighlightsofothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtofeelingsoffailureandunsatisfactory.ResearchFindingsonSelf-EsteemAstudyconductedamongadolescentsaged13-19showedthatextremesocialmediausecorrelateswithlowerself-esteemscores.Participantswhospentoverfivehoursdailyontheseplatformsdemonstratedsignificanttendenciestowardsself-devaluation(自我贬低)andnegativeself-perception(自体感受).Thestudybelievedthattheconstantexposureofidealizedimagesandlivesleadstoaninvoluntary(不自主的)comparison,oftenplacingtheindividualonthelesserendofthespectrum.ImplicationsforIdentityFormationForadolescents,acriticaltimeofidentityformationhappensduringtheteenageyears.Socialmediacanoftenblurthelines(模糊界限)betweenpersonalidentityanddigitalpersona(面貌，形象).Astudytrackedteenagersforfiveyearsandfoundthatheavysocialmediausersoftenexperiencedidentityconfusion.Theirdigitalavatars,formedundersocietalpressures,sometimesovershadowedtheirrealpersonalities,leadingtointernalconflictsandaconfusiontorealselfhood.PossibleSolutionsandFutureResearchWhilethenegativeinfluenceofsocialmediaonmentalwell-beingareevident,it’salsoessentialtohighlightitspotentialbenefits.Platformscanhelptoaddasenseofbelonging,provideinformationalsupport,andserveasoutletsforcreativeexpression.Futureresearchcouldexplorepotentialinterventions(介入，干涉)toreducethenegativeeffects.Inconclusion,whilesocialmediaoffersahugenumberofopportunitiesandwaysforexpression,it’simportantthatteenagersapproachitwithawareness.Thepsychologicallandscapeitshapesishardtounderstand,andunderstandingitsdepthsrequirescontinuedresearch,empathy(共鸣),andactivemeasures.27.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyinvolvingadolescentsaged13-19?A.IttookfivehoursforparticipantstotakepartinthestudyB.ItsuggestedthatweshouldnotcompareourliveswithothersC.Itcausedself-devaluationandnegativeself-perceptiontoparticipants.D.Itshowedthattoomuchsocialmediauseresultedinlowself-esteem.28.Whatdoestheterm“digitalavatars”refertoinparagraph4?A.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法). B.Digitalmarketingtools.C.Onlineversionsofindividuals. D.Digitalassistants.29.Whysocialmediaareespeciallybadforadolescents?A.Theycauseidentitycrises(危机)tothem. B.Theyleadtofeelingsofunsatisfactory.C.Theyprojectversionoftheirlives. D.Theyovershadowtheirpersonalities.30.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffectofsocialmediaonusers?A.Entirelynegative. B.Quitepositive. C.Mixedwithcaution. D.Indifferentandneutral.DIntheannalsofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含义).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏见)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,havecomeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseincomeinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAIsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAItobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalcommunitymustcometogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促进)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusionartificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.31.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemethodbywhichmachinesacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A.Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B.Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C.Byingestingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D.Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.32.Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A.Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B.BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C.Throughpersonalexperiences.D.ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAI.33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB.UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC.ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD.BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AIhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B.TheglobalcommunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.C.TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D.ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Highschoollife,especiallyinthesenioryear,isarollercoasterofemotionsfilledwithchallengesandpressures.Theconstantdemandforacademicexcellence,combinedwiththeexpectionsofcollegeapplications,andmanagingextracurricular(课外的)activitiescanleadeventhebeststudentstofeeltheweightofstress.However,it’snotonlypossiblebutessentialtofindmomentsofjoyandstrategiestoreducethepressureefficiently.Understandingthenatureofstressistheprimarystep.Stressisn’tjustastateofmentalunrest;it’saphysiologicalresponse.____35____Thebodynoticesanyformofdemand,challenge,orthreatandreactsbypreparingfora“fight-or-flight”response.Thisisanancientsurvivalprocessthatequipsustodealwiththreats,whetherthey’reachallengingexamoraphysicaldanger.Interestingly,notallstressisharmful.Weoftenoverlookthedistinctionofdifferentstress.Acute(急性的)stress,incontrasttothechronic(长期的),canactasaforce.____36____Itpushesustoourlimits,motivatesustomeetdeadlines,andoftenresultsinthatrewardingfeelingofaccomplishment.However,longexposuretostressleadstochronicstress.Thiskindofstress,ifleftunchecked,cancausevarioushealthissuesrangingfrommentalhealthproblemslikeanxietyanddepressiontophysicalailmentslikehighbloodpressureandevenheartdiseases.Toreducetheeffectsofstress,mindfulnessandmeditationhaveproveneffective.Evenonabusyday,sparingjustafewmomentstofocusonone’sbreathingorpracticingguidedmeditationcansignificantlyreducestresslevels.____37____Thesepracticeshelpingroundinganindividual,bringingamomentaryescapefromthechaos(混乱).Pursuinghobbiesoractivitiesthatoneispassionateaboutcanalsobeagoodway.Whetherit’spainting,reading,playingamusicalinstrument,orengaginginsports,theseactivitiesnotonlydivertthemindbutalsoreleaseendorphins,thebody’snaturalmoodlifters.Anotheraspectiscommunication.____38____Sharingburdensdiscussingworries,orjusttalkingaboutone’sdaycanofferafreshperspectiveandoftenlightenstheload.Schoolsofferservices,andtherearenumeroushelplinesavailabletoassiststudentsindistress.So,withtheweightofexpectations,deadlines,andtoomanyresponsibilities,remembertoprioritizementalwell-being.____39____Everyindividualdeservesmomentsofrelaxationandhappiness.A.Whenchanneledcorrectly,stresscanbeourfriend.B.Thisresponseisaswift,automaticsequencedesignedforsurvival.C.Prioritizingself-careisn’taluxury(奢侈品);it’sanecessity.D.Everychallenge,itapproachedwithapositivemindset,canbeanopportunityforgrowth.E.Seedingexternalhelporjusttalkingtoafriendcanbeincrediblytherapeutic.F.Theyattachustothepresent,clearingthementaldisorderandliftingthespirit.G.Thesepartsoftenprovideprocessesadjustedtoindividualneeds.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题，共12分；第40、41小题，每小题2分；第42题，3分；第43题，5分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。InthesouthernpartofFrance,awayfromthecharmofParisandthescenicRiviera,liesToulouse,oftenreferredtoas“LaVilleRose”or“ThePinkCity.”Itsnicknamecomesfromtheuniqueterra-cottabricksusedinmanyofits,buildings,givingthecityadistinctivestyle.Historically,Toulousetracesitsrootsbacktotheancienttimes.ItwasoriginallyestablishedbytheCeltsinthe4thcenturyBCandlaterbecameasignificantRomansettlement.Thecity’sstrategicpositionneartheGermaneRivermadeitawell-knowntradingcenterinancientEurope.BytheMiddleAges,Toulousehadbecomeamajorcenteroftradeduetoitsdyeindustry.Thistradebroughtimmensewealthtotheregion,andthecity’sgrandhousesandpublicbuildingsfromthiserareflectisopulence(繁华).However,Toulousewasnotjustacenterfortrade.Itshistoryismarkedwithintellectualpursuits.Bythe13thcentury,UniversitédeToulousewasestablished,makingitoneoftheoldestuniversitiesintheworld.TheinstitutionattractedscholarsfromvariouspartsofEurope.Inmoderntimes,Toulouseisfamousforitsaerospaceindustry.HometoAirbus,oneoftheworld’slargestcommercialaircraftmanufacturers,thecityisacenterpointinglobalaviation.ThismodernachievementconnectswithToulouse’srichhistory,showcasingacombinationoftheoldandthenew.Oneofthemostsignificant