四川省攀枝花市第三高级中学2023-2024学年高二下英语第1次定时训练（含答案）

市三中高2025届高二（下）英语学科第一次定时训练第一节（每小题3.5分，满分52.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A2023HotList:TheBestNewRestaurantsintheWorldPlacedesFêtes—NewYorkCityThisfamouswinebarprovidesaspotwithararesweetandwarmatmosphere.Fordatenight,gotothebarwithviewsoftheopenkitchen,orfillupthelargetableinthebackwithagroupandtastetheentire20-itemmenu.Eitherway,donotmissthefamousmushroomsoup.LeDoyenné—Saint-Vrain,FranceAustralianchefsJamesHenryandShaunKellytransformedtheformerstables(马厩)ofa19th-centuryprivateestateintoaworkingfarm,restaurant,andguesthousedrivenbytheprinciplesofregenerativeagriculture.Morethanonehundredvarietiesoffruits,vegetables,andherbsmaketheirwayintoHenry’scookingafterbeingcarefullynurturedbyKelly.MiCompaChava—MexicoCitySeafoodisahangovercureinMexico,andalmosteveryoneeatinghereisdevotedtofixinglastnight’sdamagefromdrunkennessandgettingaheadstartoncreatingtoday’s.Onthesidewalk,crowdsoflocalsandtouristsalikelineupforfishermanSalvadorOrozco’screativetakesonSinaloaandBajaseafood.Anythingfromtherawhalfofthemenuisasurebet,thoughcookeddisheslikefishcanhelpfilloutameal.Vilas—BangkokCanadishinspiredbyaSpanishrecipeusingJapaneseingredientsstillbeconsideredThai?ForChefPrinPolsuk,oneofBangkok’smostfamousThaichefs,itmostcertainlycan.Athislatestrestaurant,asmalldiningroomatthebaseofBangkok’slandmarkKingPowerMahanakhonTower,hedrawsinspirationfromKingChulalongkorn’s1897journeyaroundEuropeandtheforeigningredients(原料)andcookingtechniquesheaddedtotheroyalcookbooks.1.WhatdoestheauthorhighlyrecommendatPlacedesFêtes?A.Redwine. B.Friedfish. C.Bajaseafood. D.Mushroomsoup.2.Whatisthebestchoiceforpeoplewhoweredrunklastnight?A.PlacedesFêtes. B.LeDoyenné. C.MiCompaChava. D.Vilas.3.Whatdoesthetextaimtodo?A.Tocomparetheoriginsofsomerestaurants. B.Tostatethesimilaritiesofsomerestaurants.C.Torecommendsomefoodsofsomerestaurants. D.Tointroducethefeaturesofsomerestaurants.BBorninHungary,KatalinKarikoalwayswantedtobeanoutstandingscientistwhenshewasyoung.HerloveofbiologytookhertotheUniversityofSzegedwhereshestudiedandthenworkedasaresearcheratitsBiologicalResearchCenter.Unfortunately,in1985,DrKariko’suniversity’sresearchprogramranoutofmoney,whichcastashadowonherfamily.Kariko,herhusband,andtheir2-year-olddaughtermovedtoAmericaforhernewjobthatcouldmakehergoonwithherresearchatuniversityinPhiladelphia,America.Karikohasspentherwholelifetryingtofigureouthowtouseaperson’sowncellstocureandpreventillness.ShefocusedonmRNA,ormessengerRNA,whichcouldbeusedtoinstructcellstomaketheirownmedicines,includingvaccines(疫苗).Inthe1990’s,Karikotriedtogetmoneyfrombigcompaniestodoherexperiments.NoonewoulddothatbecauseherideasandconceptsofmRNAweretoounbelievableatthetime.“IthoughtmaybeI’mnotgoodenough,notgiftedenough.Itriedtoimagine:Everythingishere,andIjusthavetodobetterexperiments,”Karikosaid.Fortunately,ameetingatauniversityphotocopyingmachinebroughtaboutasubstantialchangetoherlife.Shemetanotherbrilliantresearcher,DrDrewWeissman.Shetoldhim,“IamanmRNAscientist—IcanmakeanythingwithmRNA.”WeissmantoldherhejustwantedtomakevaccinesagainstHIV.Karikosaid,“Yeah,yeah,Icandoit.”Afterthat,theyworkedtogetherformanyyearsexploringthepossibilitiesofmRNA,whichledtothedevelopmentofavaccineforasevereinfection—COVID-19(CoronaVirusDisease2019).Finally,twobiotechcompanies,Moderna,inAmerica,andBioNTech,inGermany,tooknoticeoftheirfindings.ThetwocompaniesprovidedmoneytosupportWeissman’slab.Now,KarikoandWeissmanareconsideredasheroesofCOVID-19vaccinedevelopment.WhydidKarikomovetoAmericawithherfamily?A.Tofindaresearchpartner.B.Tolookforabetter-paidjob.C.Totransformherresearchproject.D.Tocontinueherresearch.5.Whatwasthebigcompanies’initialattitudetoKariko’sresearch?A.Favorable.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.Tolerant.6.WhatwasDrDrewWeissman’sfocusbeforehemetKariko?A.PuttingmRNAintopractice.B.MakingCOVID-19vaccines.C.DevelopingvaccinesagainstHIV.D.Seekinghelpfrombigcompanies.7.WhatcanwelearnfromKariko’sstory?A.Neversaynotoyourdream.B.Timeismoney.C.Nevertoolatetolearn.D.Practicemakesperfect.CHarbinhaswitnessedasignificantboomthathascausedittotrendonsocialmediathiswinter.ByDecember20,2023,thecityairport'sannualpassengerthroughputhadgonebeyond20million.Accordingtoanewreport,duringthethree-dayNewYearholiday,Harbinreceived3.05milliontouristsandmadeincomeof5.91billionyuan,bothofwhichreachedrecordhighs.Harbin,alsoknownasChina's"icecity",isfamousforitsiceandsnowculture.Forover60years,thecityhashadatraditionofholdinganannualicelanternexhibition,presentingthecreativityandskillofitsartists.Recently,theIceandSnowWorld,recognizedbytheGuinnessWorldRecordsasthelargesticeandsnowpark,isjustoneofmanyattractionsinthecity.Itfeaturesamazingiceandsnowsculptures,includingreplicas(复制品)offamouslandmarks,animals,andcartooncharacters.Inaddition,visitorscanalsoenjoydifferentkindsofsnowsports,suchasiceskating,icefishing,andsledding.Harbinsparednoefforttoshowitssincerityandhospitality(热情好客)totourists.AttheIceandSnowWorld,alotofnewexperienceshavebeenprovided,suchashovercraftsandbicyclesonice,Ferriswheels,andhotairballoons.Touristswerewelcomedwithliveperformancesattheairport,anddressingroomsweresetupforthemtochangeintowarmclothing.Localresidentssupportedbytravelingduringoff-peakhourstoreducetrafficandofferingtouristsfreerides.Forthoseunabletobookhotels,thegovernmentopenedtheProvincialPeople'sCongressServiceCenterforlow-coststays."Forindividualtravelers,acity'sinfrastructure(基础设施)andpublicservicesformthefoundationoftourismcompetitiveness.Itisonlywhentouristsfeelthewarmthofthecityandthegoodwillofitscitizensthattheyblendintothelivesofatraveldestination,"saidDaiBin,presidentofChinaTourismAcademy.8.Whatarethefiguresinthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheboominHarbin'stourismindustry.B.ThepopularityofHarbin'snewattractions.C.ThebiginvestmentinHarbin'sIceandSnowWorld.D.Thelocalpeople'sgreatpassionfortheNewYearholiday.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheIceandSnowWorldfromparagraph2?A.Itisfamousforitsicelanternexhibition.B.Itisthefirsticeandsnowparkintheworld.C.Itoffersvarioussnow-centeredactivitiesforvisitors.D.Itholdssnowsculpturecompetitionsforskilledartists.10.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.NewsportingeventsintheIceandSnowWorld.B.Themeasurestoensuretourists'safetyinHarbin.C.Kindresidents'supportforrelievingtrafficpressure.D.Harbin'seffortstoimprovetourists'travelexperiences.11.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Adiaryofculturaltours.B.Anewsreportontourism.C.Anadvertisementforscenicspots.D.Areviewofnewlyemergingcities.DAsasayinggoes,you’reonlyasoldasyoufeel,butwhatifdifferentpartsofyourbodyagedatdifferentspeeds?Itturnsouttheydo.Thestudyabouttheageofourbodiesshowsthatdifferenttissues（组织）insideusareeffectivelydifferentages.In2012,ProfessorSteveHorvathattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,lookedatsomethingnew—DNAmethylation（甲基化）,anaturallyoccurringprocessinwhichDNAischemicallychangedovertime.HorvathanalyzedtheDNAin8,000tissuesamplesfromdifferentpartsofthebodyindifferentpeopletostudythesemarkers.Whathefoundwasstriking—theamountofmethylationincellsfrommostpartsofthebodywasagoodpredictoroftheperson’sage.Buttherewereinconsistencies.Breasttissue,forinstance,agesrapidly,whereasmuscleagesslowly.Theratesofageingarealsodifferentinmenandwomen.“Therearemanymedicalimplications,fromcancertoprematureageingdiseases,”saysHorvath.Ithasalreadybeenestablishedthattissuethatlookssignificantlyoldercouldbecancerous.Horvath’sstudyfoundthatcanceroustissuehasabiologicalageonaverage36yearsolderthanasubject’sactualage.Couldthisknowledgehelpuslivelonger?“Ifthemarkersrelatetoaprocessthatcausesageing,thenitwouldbetheoreticallypossibletoslowdownageingbycarefullytargetingDNAmethylation,”saysHorvath.Butbeforescientistsgottoworkondealingwithmethylation,theyfirstneededtoestablishwhetherthesechangeswerethecauseofageingorjustabyproductofanotherprocess.Now,a2023studyfromtheUniversityofMichiganhasbackedupProfessorHorvath’sfindings,whichmeanstheycansafelymakefurtherstudiesofmethylation.“OurmainaimwastoseewhetherbiologicalageaccelerationmeasuredfromDNAmethylationwaspredictiveofhealthoutcomesanddeath,”saidresearchassociateprofessorJessicaFaul.“Itturnedoutthatitislargelythecase.YoucanusecertainDNAmethylationmarkerstopredictageandage-relatedoutcomesquitewell.”12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopicofthetext. B.Tosummarizethewholetext.C.Tooffersuggestionstoreaders. D.Tostimulatereaderstoimagine.13.WhatdoweknowaboutHorvath’sdiscoveryaboutmethylation?A.Ithelpspeoplelivemuchlonger.B.Itdoesn’talwayspredictone’sage.C.Itexistsinsomepartsofone’sbody.D.Itcausesthedifferentratesofageing.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backedup”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Consulted. B.Contradicted.C.Approved. D.Predicted.15.HowdoesJessicaFaulfindDNAmethylationasapredictorofhealth?A.Avoidable. B.Unrealistic.C.Risky. D.Potential.第二节（每小题3.5分，满分17.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Manyofusweretoldfromanearlyagethat,atschoolorinlife,“youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?Theshortansweris“yes”.16Becausewewouldnotliketofail,learningfromourmistakesis,inreality,veryhard.Itdoesn’tfeelgood.Sowereacttofailureinemotionalways,likegivinguponataskeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingfaultwiththetaskitself.Thisisself-protective,accordingtoHallgeirSjastad,apsychologyprofessor.Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.17Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.18Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.Multiplestudiesshowthiswayhelpstosoftenournegativeemotionalreactions.Alsoitallowsustolookatfailuremoreobjectively.19Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.ProfessorEskreis-Winklerfoundthatthesatisfactionofhelpingothers“forcespeopletoengagewiththeirexperienceandwhattheyhavelearned”.ThewriterSamuelBeckettoncesaid,“failagain,failbetter.”Butitnowseemsthatweshouldsay,“failagain,failsmarter”.20butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(驾驭).A．Everyoneneedssuccess.B．Hardworkleadstosuccess.C．Failurecanbeateachablemoment.D．Failureisanunavoidablepartoflife,E．Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview.F．Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasus.G．Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image.第三节（每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mylifeasatax-payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,when,forthreewholedays,Iworkedinabakingfactory.MybestfriendBetsy’sfatherwasamanageratHoughBakeries,which,atEastertime,21littlebunny(兔子)cakesforallits22throughoutCleveland.Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfor23helpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadno24beyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.I’d25minimumwage.I’dseehowafactory26.MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy’sdadwiththeir27.Our28inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonam