专题03非谓语动词（原卷版）

专题03非谓语动词(期中重点语法)知识串讲作为动词考点中的一大走向，非谓语动词是每年高考的必考点与重难点。作为英语所独有的一种语法现象，非谓语动词在看重语言能力素养的时代，更有着不可替代的重要位置。例如高考写作的比例增加了，而优秀的叙述性写作少不了非谓语动词的应用。因此，高考对非谓语动词的考查力度不会减弱，只会加强。非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分高考考哪些？分析历年的高考真题，和近两年的真题的出题趋势，以及各省市的模拟试题，最后结合高考难度设定，可以得到下面这张图的范围。如果你想拿高分，就记住张图。如果你基础不好，就记住下面这张图。一共5个，其中的tobedone，beingdone，分别是todo和doing的被动形式。用法基本没区别，只是在含义上多一层被动含义考点1不定式1.作主语(1)含义：表示某一次的具体动作或表示一般情况(2)谓语动词的数：动词不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式(3)位置：动词不定式作主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末(it作形式主语)Tohesitatemeansfailure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。Itisagainstmyprinciplestodosuchathing.做这样的事是违反我的原则的。2.作宾语(1)常见的可接不定式作宾语的动词：afford，agree，arrange，ask，attempt，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail,，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，pretend(假装)，promise，prove，refuse，resolve(解决)，want，wish等。Thepanycouldn'taffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.这个公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。Sherefusedtobephotographed.她拒绝让人拍照。(2)feel,find,think,believe,consider,make这几个动词后接不定式作宾语，且宾语后有形容词/名词作宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快。Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher.他觉得没有请她真是太遗憾了。3.作表语动词不定式放在连系动词后作表语时，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。Mywishistobeeadoctor.我的愿望是当一名医生。Youmustkeepyourpromise,ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我们还要继续做朋友，你就必须信守诺言。4.作定语动词不定式作定语时通常位于所修饰的词语之后。Ihavemanyletterstowrite.我有许多信要写。5.作状语不定式作状语时，通常可表示原因，目的和结果。不定式一般不作时间状语、让步状语等。原因状语。不定式作原因状语时，通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感或心理活动的原因。Hewassoexcitedtoseeyoue.看到你来他很激动。(2)目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句首和句尾，动词不定式作目的状语时仅用一般式，且不定式前可加inorder/soas，但soasto不能位于句首。Heranfastsoastocatchthefirstbus.他一路奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。(3)结果状语。不定式作结果状语时表示谓语动词所表示的动作的结果。构成不定式的动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，不定式用一般式。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only，以加强语气。Afewdayslaterhecamebackonlytofindthatthetroopshadleft.几天后他回来了，却发现部队已经离开了。Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfoot.他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。6.作补语(1)ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expect,force,wish,beg等动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。Myteacherencouragedmetostudyabroad.我的老师鼓励我出国留学。(2)believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,prove,suppose,think等动词后可接"tobe+adj."作宾语补足语。Ibelievehimtobehonest.我相信他是诚实的。(3)with复合结构中，宾补可由不定式充当，不定式通常表示动作尚未发生。Withalotofworktodo,hehasnotimetohangoutwithfriends.因有很多工作要做，他没时间与朋友一块儿出去玩。考点2动词的现在分词1、现在分词的构成和特征现在分词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成。及物动词的现在分词可以带宾语,也可以带状语。不及物动词的现在分词不可以直接跟宾语,但可以被状语修饰;若要带宾语,则应加上相应的介词。带有状语或宾语的现在分词称为现在分词短语,如singingsongsloudly其否定式是在现在分词前加not。2、现在分词的句法功能现在分词的作用相当于形容词和副词,在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。(1)作定语。现在分词常用作定语修饰名词或代词。单个分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前,分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。Allmovingbodiespossessenergy切运动的物体都具有能量。Amangettingupassoonasthecockcrowsishardworkingman.鸡鸣即起的人是一个勤奋的人。Heisabusinessmangrowingrichinrecentyears.他是一位最近几年才富起来的商人。(2)作状语。考点现在分词(短语)作状语,用来进一步说明谓语动词或整个句子的动作或状态,可以表示时间、原因、结果、目的、条件、方式、随状况等。分词作状语时位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中或句尾,可用逗号隔开,也可不用逗号隔开。Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforBeijing.(时间)听到这个消息后,他们立即出发到北京去了。Beingshortofmoney,decidedtoapplyforthejob.(原因)由于手头缺钱,我决定申请这份工作。Heturnedoffthelamp,seeingnothing.(结果)他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathtothevillage.(条件)向右转弯,你就可以找到一条通向村庄的小路。Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.(方式或伴随)他从小山上走下来,轻声哼着曲儿。(3)作表语。现在分词作表语时,其作用相当于形容词,只表示一种状况,或者表示主语的性质或特征动作的意义已大为减弱。Nomatterwhatkindofworkyoudo,itneedstobefulfillingandsatisfying.不论你做什么工作,它都需要给人带来成就感和满足感。Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.他的生平听起来很有趣。(4)作宾语补足语。Ifoundthosestudentsstudyingveryhard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力Shesuddenlyheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.她忽然听到有人敲门。考点3动词的过去分词过去分词相当于adj.和adv.的功能，所以，它可以作定语，状语，宾语补足语和表语。过去分词的用法，一是表完成，二是表被动。作定语过去分词作定语，如果是单个的词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。如果是过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。a__broken______(break)cup一只打破的杯子(被动)badlybuilthouse修得很差的房子（完成）注意：过去分词作定语与ving形式，动词不定式作定语的区别。therisensun已升起的太阳（完成）therisingsun正在上升的太阳（进行）thefallenleaves落在地上的叶子（完成）thefallingleaves正在飘落的叶子（进行）2．作表语Thecupisbroken.(表被动，完成)Heisretired.(完成)注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(被动语态，表示动作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(过去分词作表语)注意过去分词作表语与ving形式作表语的区别。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用ving形式来修饰物。ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.3．作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾补，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要注意与动词不定式、ving形式作宾补的区别。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词:(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish。(2)表示“使，致使”意义的词。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.习题巩固1．________(perform)CPRforalongtime,thedoctorssnatchedthepatientfromthejawsofdeatheventually.2．Apparently,thereareabout15%students____________(support)theidea.3．Hisambitionis____________(bee)afamouswriterofhistoricalnovels.4．ThereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblems________(get)onwithotherpeople.5．Thescientists,________(mit)totheresearchoftheMars,foundnosignsoflifethere.6．Subsequently,theyfounditnogood________(expose)totoomuchinformationontheInternet.7．Anexplosionhappenedinthemine,leaving22miners________(trap)8．Overthepasttenyears,thepanyhasinvestedintotal4billionUSdollarsin5G,________(make)italeaderin5Gchips,smartphonesandnetworks.9．Bydeliveringthecontentinameaningfulway,thisnewapproachto________(learn)managestoengagestudents’interestandenhancelearningefficiency.10．Theexhibition,____________(sponsor)bythelocalgovernment,willillustratehowlifeevolvedfromwater.11．Shewasupsetthatthevaluablenecklace______(belong)toherwaslostyesterdayevening.12．Theideahethoughtof______(build)abridgeovertherivertheresoundsreasonable.13．Theairport______(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.14．Finally,thepany,____________(head)byitsnewmanager,startedtomakeaprofit.15．Ifyoudon’tputafenceroundyourgardenyou’llhavecatsordogs____________(get)in.16．Hefoundhisfamilies____________(seat)atthetabletalkingandlaughing.17．Thestudentisthought________(break)therulesbycheatingintheexam.18．Withsomuchwork________(do),Ihavetostaybehindafterwork.19．Shewassaidto________(charge)withdrunkdriving.20．Themanagerwouldliketoseethework________(finish)tomorrowmorning.21．Thecollegestudents________(select)toparticipateinthemunityepidemicpreventionserviceduringtheSpringFestivalareallfromthelocalarea.22．Inthe19thcentury,waterpowerwaswidelyutilized________(generate)electricity.23．Thelocalgovernmenthasalreadycollectedthreemilliondollars,________(intend)fortheenvironmentimprovement.24．________(see)acarrunningfasttowardsher,Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback.25．________(solve)thisproblem,ourpanyputoutthehouseholdrobotdesignedtotakecareofoldpeople.26．________(locate)inthesoutheastofFujianProvince,Xiamenisacoastalcitywithalonghistory.27．Jackdidnotknowwhere________(find)suchagoodteacher.28．Itend__________(go)tobedlateandgetupearlyinsummer.29．Jamesisbusy__________(practice)fortheschoolconcert.30．__________(judge)fromhisbehavior,heisdishonest.31．Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutefromgetting________(involve)．32．Oneofthestationstaffspottedalittlegirl________(cry)alone.33．Theprofessorremindedme________(hand)inthepaperbeforethedeadline.34．Iintend________(take)fulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweneed.35．Ifyouwishtobeadmittedtoakeyuniversity,youmusttolerate________(work)hardallthethreeyearsinseniorhighschool.36．________(frustrate)byfrequentfailuresinmyEnglishexams,Ifoundmyselfonthepointofgivinguptotally,butlaterIgainedconfidenceagainwiththehelpofmyteacher.37．________(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.38．Allcandidatesarerequired_________(take)ashorttest.39．Ibedtheshops_________(look)forsomethingtowear.40．Thankyouforyourletter________(date)24thJuly.41．Therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofmaturestudents_______(go)touniversity,afterworkingforafewormanyyears.42．IwaswalkingaroundthewoodswhenIfoundapoordog_________(abandon)there.43．Thepurposeofbasiceducationis_________(develop)afinepersonalityinallchildren.44．Theylonged________(escape)fromtherushofcitylife,sotheymovedtothecountryside.45．________(adopt)manymeasurestoprotectwildanimals,wecanseethatthenumberofwildanimalsisincreasing.46．Asthefinalwhistleblew,fansbegan________(invade)thefield.47．Patientsoftenreject________(transplant)organs.48．Thereisadrivebothto________(standard)ponentsandtoreducethenumberofmodels.49．SoambitiousisJohnthatheaims________(set)upmorethantenbrancheselsewhere.50．Nothingcanalterthefactthatweare_____________(blame).51．Theseactivitiesaim________(build)abridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.52．Thiscourseisdesigned________(provide)afullerunderstandingofhowthehumanbrainworks.53．Ifind________(paint)withwatercolouraloteasierthanwithoil.54．Ican’tstand________(go)toartgalleries.Igetverybored!55．Hedetermined________(abandon)studyingabroadbecausehisfathersufferedfromheartdisease.56．________(draw)realisticportraitsofpeopleisverydifficult.57．________(visit)artgallerieshelpsyouunderstanddifferentcultures.58．Toimprovelearningefficiency,studentsmustspendmoretime________(focus)ontheskillswhichtheyareweakin.59．Theteacherinspireshisstudents________(give)theiropinionsratherthanjustlistentohim.60．Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites,themorelikelyweare________(treat)themwithrespect.61．Thefilm________(show)thesedaysattractsalotofyoungpeople.62．SeeingMom________(e)home,Tompretendedtobereadingabook.63．________(improve)hisEnglish,hegetsupearlytolistentotheradioeverymorning.64．________(face)withincreasingunemployment,manypeoplewentonstrikeinFrance.65．Theboywascaught________(cheat)intheexaminationlastweek.66．Wemustmakeaneffort________(go)throughthedifficulttimes.67．Rememberthatyouhadbetter________(arrive)punctuallyorsometimeear