虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题样本

虚拟语调用法及专项练习题虚拟语调表达一种假设状况，或一种主观愿望，即动词所示动作或状态并非事实，或不也许实现。英语虚拟语调形式有下列几种：一.虚拟语调用于条件状语从句注意:主句中should通惯用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同步也可依照意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。

1.与当前事实相反连接词条件从句If1).动词过去式(或were)2).助动词（过去式）+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmight(1)Ifhadthetime，JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.(2)IfIwereyou，Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.2.与过去事实相反连接词条件从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould+have+过去分词couldmightIfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain，Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.3.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句If1.

should+动词原形2.

动词过去式3、wereto+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifyouwenttherenexttime，youwouldseewhatImean.4.错综时间虚拟语调当条件状语从句表达行为和主句表达行为所发生时间不一致时,动词形式要依照它所示时间来调节。例如：IfIwereyou，Iwouldhavegonehome.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice，youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说是过去,主句指是当前。)Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.状语从句1.方式状语asif(asthough)如果从句表达与当前事实相反,谓语动词用普通过去时;表达与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表达与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如：(1)HelooksatmeasifIweremad.(2)HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(asthough)后从句也惯用陈述语调,这是由于从句中状况往往是也许发生或也许被设想为真实。例如:Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.2.目状语inorderthat,sothat，lest,forfearthat等从句谓语动词用"may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如：(1)Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.(2)Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.3.连词引导条件状语从句:incase，unless,supposing,providing，onconditionthat从句谓语动词用(should)或"might，could)+动词原形"。二.虚拟语调用于宾语从句1.Suggest，advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语调，其句子构造如下：规定：askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistpraymaintainurge建议：suggestadviseproposerecommendmove命令、决定：ordercommanddecidedetermineresolve其他：consentdeservedesireintendprefer等背面宾语从句中+that…(should)+动词原形注意：在此构造中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.如果that引导从句所表达内容是事实，也可用陈述语调。Heinsiststhatheisright.注意:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语调。只有当insist作"坚持(应当)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语调。例如(1)Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.(2)Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.2."wish+宾语从句"表达不能实现愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、"但愿……"等。表达当前不能实现愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式;表达将来不能实现愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表达过去不能实现愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would+have+过去分词"。例如:wish用法1).与当前事实相反:动词过去式或wereIwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)2).与过去事实相反:主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完毕式Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)3).与将来事实相反:助动词过去式+动词原形Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句区别在于：hope表达普通可以实现但愿，宾语从句用陈述语调。wish表达很难或不大也许实现但愿,宾语从句用虚拟语调。试比较：Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.3.虚拟语调在wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后接从句:I'dratheryoupaidmenow.(从句用过去时指当前)Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.(从句用过去完毕时指过去)(此句中would可看作是表愿望实义动词)三.虚拟语调用于主语从句在主语从句中,谓语动词虚拟语调构造用"should+动词原形"构造,表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:Itisnecessary(appropriatecrucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferablepossibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragicurgentvitalwrongetc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered，requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"应当"、"居然",可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词时态不限。注意:这种从句表达是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表达惊奇,就可用虚拟语调。反之,如果不表达惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语调。例如:Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan'tswim.四.虚拟语调用于表语从句、同位语从句规定：demandrequestprayinsistencerequirement

建议：suggestionadviceproposalrecommendationmotion

命令、决定：ordercommanddecisiondeterminationresolution

其他：plandesireideanecessitypreference等名词表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语调构造"(should)+动词原形"。例如(1)Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.(2)Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.五、虚拟语调几种特殊用法1.省掉if条件从句倒装构造：Hadyouaskedme，Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表达，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend，he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)3.虚拟语调用于定语从句:It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，(should不能省略,be用were)"来表达,意为"(当前)该……"。如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.4.虚拟语调用于ifonly引导感叹句:IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听她话就好了。IfonlyIwereabird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。5.虚拟语调用于简朴句1)表达说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语调委婉,常出当前寻常会话中。例如(1)Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.(2)Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?2)用于某些习惯表达法中。例如:Wouldyoulikeacupoftea.Youhadbettergonow.3)用"may+动词原形",表达"祝愿"、"但愿"。may须置于句首。例如:(1)Mayyoubehappy！(2)Mayyousucceed!6.含蓄条件句在某些虚拟语调构造中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其他形式表达出来,这种现象在语法上称为"含蓄条件句"。含蓄条件详细分为如下几种状况:1)通过动词不定式短语表达条件。例如:Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)要是你回绝她建议,就太傻了。2)通过介词短语表达条件。例如:ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm...)要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。Withoutair，therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.3)通过连词otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件。例如:Shecametotownyesterday，otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.昨天她到城里来了,否则我就不会碰见她了。(otherwise/or=ifshehadn'tcome)Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting，butIhavebeentoobusy.(=...ifIhadnotbeentoobusy)我本来要参加会议,只是太忙了。4)通过Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表达条件。意为"如果当时没有……",表达同过去事实相反假设。例如Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.要不是党领导,咱们不也许过幸福生活。(与当前事实相反)Haditnotbeenfor(=Ifithadnotbeenfor)theleadershipoftheParty,weshouldhavefailed.若不是有党领导,咱们早就失败了。(与过去事实相反)5)通过度词短语表达条件。例如:Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.倘若予以更多关怀,这些树本来可以生长得更好。(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention...)6)无词句暗示条件。例如:Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来可以避免。(暗含条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.是那样安静,掉根针你都听得见。(暗含条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground)虚拟语调专项练习题(1).IfIyou，Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere，theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)today，wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfPetertomorrow，whatwouldyoudo?A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme，soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay，youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyouC.hadsheaskedyouD.wereshetoaskyou6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie(7).Iftheyhadknownhim，tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalk

C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk

(8).IfIlivedinthecity，Itravelledincrowdedbuses，butItoseelotsof

films.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert，ifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad

(10).Iknownit，Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having(11).yourhelp，Iwouldnothavesucceeded.A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”“Onlythatifheamillionaire，hewouldhavefewerworries.”A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney.”A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong.”A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek

nights.A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese，butIdowishI.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes，verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”“Idon'tknow，butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”A.wouldbeB.canbeC.beD.willbe(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.A.forgetsB.forgetC.willforgetD.willnotforget(22).“Howdoesthelibrarianact?”“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”A.wereB.beC.isD.hasbeen23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.A.wereB.areC.beD.willbe(24).IwishyouinterruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifithim.A.understandsB.understoodC.understandD.wou