中考英语冲刺复习：任务型阅读技巧知识讲解、巩固练习

PAGE中考英语冲刺复习：任务型阅读技巧【用法讲解】考试要求：许多省市中考英语试卷出现了一种综合阅读理解题型——任务型阅读。任务型阅读是一种主观性试题，也有人称为“读后做”，要求考生阅读短文后在理解的基础上，通过一定的判断、推理、归纳总结，去完成各种任务或者解决某种问题，这种题型介于阅读和写作之间，充分考查学生运用英语完成任务的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具备从短文材料中收集有关的各种信息，然后加工整理输出信息的能力。1.任务型阅读的题型：任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言综合应用能力的考查，考查的题型多样、命题灵活，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子、还原句子。还可以是填写表格或回答问题。命题人对试题的难度也易于掌握，可以是单词拼写这样较简单的题，也可以是同义词转换等中档题，还可以有归纳主题大意、改写句子等高档题。近年来各省中考试题中任务型阅读主要题型如下：1）阅读选择配对根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题目不同,选项可能是句子或图片，形式可能是段落大意的归纳与段落的连线，但是可能不是一对一连线，一般都给出多余选项。【注意】要认真阅读题干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚题目的前半个句子的内容要点，注意句子与短文的联系，切不可只看句子的部分内容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配对失误。要根据短文的内容和作者的意图去搭配、注意配对后的句子内容完整、与短文的内容保持一致。短文的段落主题和段落配对，要抓住短文段落的要点，要全面理解段落内容之间的关系，不能以偏概全。请看下面例题：Youmayfeelcomfortablewithsomepeople.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfalife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis,wecantrytodoitourselves.Howisitdone?_____1_____Ifyoufollowtheskills,you’llmakefriendswithpeoplequickly.Firstofall,goodtalkersarequestions._____2____Onewell-knowbusinesswomansays,“Atbusinesslunches,Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion,butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontosomeotherquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango._____3____Thispointseemsclear,butitisn’t.Yourquestionshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout,youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings._____4____Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic,itmeanshe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords,buttotones(声调)ofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsboring,then,it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.Finally,goodtalkersknowwellwhentosaygood-bye.Remembertogivehimahandshakeandsay,“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”_____5_____Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel,andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。A.Almostanyonewillansweraquestion.B.Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.C.Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain,don’tkeepitasecret.D.First,itmeansnottochangethesubjectoftheconversation.E.Second,oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions,theylistentotheanswers.1._______2._______3.______4.______5.______【答案与解析】1.B。根据下文所提供的可以遵循的几条技巧可知，此处应表示“好的谈话者拥有的技巧”，故选B。2.A。根据第三段中的“Firstofall,goodtalkersaskquestions.”可知，此处表示“几乎每个人都将回答问题”，故选A。3.E。根据上文“Firstofall”可知，此处列举了第二规则，故选E。4.D。根据下文中的“Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，”可知，此处表示“首先，它意味着……”，故选D。5.C。根据下文“Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel”可知，此处表示“不要保守秘密”，故选C。2)阅读短文填空：根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有完成句子、补全信息、所给短文的缩写或制定各种规则等任务形式。所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语或者用其同义词、近义词或短语填空、有时甚至反义词或短语可能用于与短文中对应句子意思相反的语句中。【注意】阅读填空一般是原短文的改写，所以必须注意原短文的内容、情景和一些关键词，对照原短文的句子和一些词汇、短语，然后用同义词汇、短语来替换。短文填空要遵循原短文的内容和要点，不能脱离原作者的意思乱填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要适当发挥，答案可能不是唯一的。请看下面例题：阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容每空填写一个单词。KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.ShewantstocrosstheAtlanticOceanbyboat.Ifshesucceeds,she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.Spotzbegansailingwhenshewasatuniversity,butshehasnevertriedtosailsuchalongwaybefore.Itwillbeagreatchallengeforher.Inrecentyears,shehasswumallthewaydownthe325-mileAlleghenyRiverandtraveledbybikefromSeattletoWashington.Spotzknowsthatshemayseesomedangerousthingsduringthetrip.Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea.Butshebelievesthatshecandealwithallthedifficulties.“IneverthoughtIcouldrun26miles,”shesaid.“ButonceIfinishedit,IrealizedthatmaybeIcoulddosomethingevenmoredifficult.”Spotzwantstocollectmoneybygoingonthistrip.Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.Theorganizationoffersfree,safedrinkingwatertopeoplewhoneedit.It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.Goodlucktothisbravegirlandbestwishestoher!TheageofSpotz(1)______yearsoldThedistanceofthetrip(2)______milesAdangerousthingduringthetripisthe(3)______weatherThepurposeofthetriptocollect(4)____foranorganizationThetripwilltakeAbout(5)______months.【答案与解析】（1）22（2）2500（3）bad（4）money（5）3/three（1）根据短文第一句“KatieSpotzisa22-year-oldgirlformAmerica.”可知。（2）根据短文第三句“she’llbetheyoungestandthefirstAmericantofinishthe2500-miletrip.”可知。（3）根据第三段第二句“Itwillbeverydangerousifshemeetsverybadweatherinthemiddleofthesea”可知。（4）根据第五段的第二句Shewantstocollectmoneyforanorganizationcalled“BluePlanetrun”.可知。（5）根据最后一段第一句“It’lltakeheraboutthreemonthstofinishthistrip.”可知。3)阅读短文改写句子这种题型要求在阅读材料的基础上,根据命题要求,改写文中划线的句子,或将文中的某一个句子译成英语或者汉语等。这一形式涉及到写，就应当特别注意书写规范、拼写无误、语法正确等。【注意】要认真分析短文中划线句子的语法结构，注意句子的时态、语态，是简单句还是复合句，然后根据要求进行句型改写。要注意一些同义词短语的替换，为改写同义句打好基础。句子的意思、时态不能改变，改变的是句子的不同表达方式。对于一些翻译要注意英语和汉语的不同表达，切不可按照汉语的思维方式来翻译。请看下面例题：WhenIwasachild,myparentsalwaystoldmethatIshouldnevertalktostrangers.ThiswaspartofawholelistofthingsIshouldneverdo:neveracceptfoodorcandyfromstrangers,nevergetinacarwithstrangers,andsoon.Butifwedidn’tstartaconversationwithstrangers,we’dnevermakenewfriends.We’dnevergetajob.①Wemaymissthejoythatcomesfromtalkingwithstrangers.Andthemorepeopleyouknow,themorechancesyoucanfind.Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowto②breaktheice.Don’tjuststareatyourshoes.Goandsay“Hi”tothatnewguy.Itwillbeeasiertobreaktheiceifyouknowmoreaboutdifferentcultures.British:Beautifulday,isn’tit?TheweatherinBritainischangeable.So,it’soneofthetopicstheBritishcaremostabout.Andthere’sasimplerule:Say“Yes”whetheryouagreewiththeperson’sideaontheweatherornot.③That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweathersothattheycancontinuetheirtalk.French:Wheredidyougoonholiday?TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.Frenchstudentsenjoya10-to-15-dayholidayeverytwomonths.Frenchemployees(雇员)getmorethansixweeksofholidaysperyear.American:So,whereareyoufrom?TheUSissobigandpeoplemovesooftenthatlocationisalwaysasource(来源)oftalk.Youcantrytofindaconnectionwiththeplacethey’refrom.Forexample,ifsomeone’sfromLosAngeles,youcouldsay,“Oh,Ihaveafriendwhostudiedthere.”(1)将文中①处划线句子翻译成汉语。_______________________________________________(2)将文中②处划线短语翻译成汉语。_______________________________________________(3)将文中③处划线句子改写成同义句。That’sbecausetheBritishstartaconversationusingtheweather____________theirtalk.(4)WhatdoyouusuallytalkabouttostartaconversationwithaFrenchperson?_______________________________________________(5)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_______________________________________________【答案与解析】我们可能会错过与陌生人交流的快乐。miss在此处的意思是“错误”；that引导定语从句修饰joy；comefrom的意思是“来自于”；talkwithsb.表示“同某人谈话”。打破沉默/打破僵局/开始说话。breaktheice是习惯用法，表示“打破沉默，打破僵局”。tocontinue/forcontinuingusesth.todosth.=usesth.fordoingsth.用……来做……I/Wecan/usuallytalkabouthis/her(last)holiday./Aholiday./Holidays.根据“TotalkwithaFrenchperson,thesafestwayistoaskabouthisorherlastholiday.”可知答案。Howtostart/beginaconversationwithastranger/Howtobreaktheice(withstrangers).文中“Thefollowingpassageoffersyousomeadviceonhowtobreaktheice.”是中心句，起到承上启下的作用，据此可以作答。因为任务型阅读命题的灵活性，除了上述题型外，各地中考题中还有根据释义写出文中出现的单词，或要求学生阅读一段文字，并根据文中所提供的信息画出示意图，如：路径、空间位置的设计图、物体形状图等题型，其目的都是考查学生运用语言去做事的能力。但是，无论题型如何变换，只要我们有扎实的英语知识、灵活的解题方法、尤其是认真地解题态度，都会迎刃而解的。2.任务型阅读的解题技巧：1)明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，看清要求，做到心中有数。2)一一对应，紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题的题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。3)注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则更需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。4)认真检查。完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。【例题精讲】I.阅读下面两篇短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下列各题。Youcanbuychewingguminnearlyeverycountryoftheworld.①Butitwasn’talwayslikethat.TheAmericanIndianswerethefirstpeopletochewgum.Thisgumcamefromaspecialtreethatgrewontheirland.In1848,asailorcalledJohnCurtisbegansellingit.Hewasthefirstpersontosellchewinggum.Thegumhesoldcostjustafewcentsfortwopieces.Itbecamepopularveryquicklyeventhoughitwasveryhardtochew.②Nowadays,otherthingsareaddedtothegumtomakeitsoftandsweet.By1890,therewerehundredsofdifferentchewinggums.Themostfamousnameinchewinggum,however,isprobablyWilliamWrigley.Hespentalotofmoneyinadvertisingandevensentfreepiecesofgumtochildrenontheirbirthdays.③Healsosaidthatchewinggumhelpedpeopleworkbetterandthatitstoppedpeoplefromfeelingtired.Althoughtodaymanymillionsofpeoplechewgum,noteveryonethinksitisagoodthingtodo.Manypeoplethinkitisdirty.TheSingaporegovernmentdoesnotallowpeopletobuychewinggum.Onereasonforthisisthatwhensomepeoplehavechewedallthetasteoutoftheirpieceofgum,theytakeitoutoftheirmouthsandputitontothebacksofseatsorotherplaces.1.请将①处翻译成汉语。____________________________________________________2.请根据②处内容完成下面句子。（每空一词）Peoplemakechewinggumsoftandsweet_____________somethingtoit.3.把③处改为直接引语。（每空一词）Healsosaid,“Chewinggum_______peopleworkbetterandit_______peoplefromfeelingtired.”II.阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案(每空一词)。Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（邮递）.Thebuyerplacesanorderforthedesiredproductswiththesalesmanthroughsomeremotemethodsuchasthroughatelephonecallorawebsite.Then,theproductsaredeliveredtothecustomer.Theproductsaretypicallydelivereddirectlytoanaddresssuppliedbythecustomer,suchasahomeaddress,butsometimestheordersaredeliveredtoanearbyretaillocationforthecustomertopickup.Somebusinessmenalsoallowthegoodstobeshippeddirectlytoathirdcustomer,whichisaneffectivewaytosendagifttoanout-of-townfriend.Amailordercatalogue（目录）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.Companieswhopublishandoperatemailordercataloguesaretreatedascataloguerswithintheindustry.Goodsareproducedbypeopleallovertheworld,suchasinAustralia,theUSA,Canada,Chinaetc.Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers(零售商),areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.TitleMailorderWhatMailorderisawayof1bymaildelivery.HowPeoplecanplaceanorderby2atelephonecallorsearchingthewebsite.Peoplecanchoosethegoodstheywantby3upinthecatalogue.WhereNowgoodsmadein4aremoreandmorepopularinforeigncountries.III.任务型阅读：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。IntheUK,busjourneysareverycommon.Busesareoftenconvenient（便利的）forthepeoplewholiveorworkinthecitycenter.Passengerscanavoidheavytrafficandnothavetopayfortheparking.However,takingthebusisjustanecessarybutboringpartoflife:theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.InLatinAmerica,however,bustripscanbewonderful.Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.Localbusesdonotshowfilms,butdriversusuallyturnontheradioanditcanbegreatforpassengerstolistentosongsandgetrelaxed.Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.Localbusesalwaysgotopartsofthetownthatpassengerswouldnotvisitbythemselves.Therepassengerscanseeshopsthattheyhaveneverheardabout.Andtheycanalsoseeotherculturesofthetownfromthewindowsofthebuses.Besides,passengers’luggage(行李)isalsointeresting.Itiscommontoseeahappydog’sheadgettingoutofsomebody’sbagoralovelychicken“speakingcheerfully”undersomebody’sarm.OnceonabusinPeru,afarmereventiedasheeptothetopofthebus.Itwasquitesurprising.Inall,takingthebusinLatinAmericaisreallyfunandunforgettable.1.Accordingtothepassage,intheUK,howtopassengersprobablyfeelonthebuses?Theyprobablyfeel______________________________.2.InLatinAmerica,howcanpeoplehavefunonthebusesbetweencities?Theycan.3.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatareevenbetterthanfilmsandmusiconthebuses?are.4.Whydoesthewriterthinkpassengers’luggageisinteresting?Becauseit’scommontoseedifferentkindsofonthebuses.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?ItmainlytellsusaboutinLatinAmerica.【答案与解析】I.阅读下面两篇短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下列各题。1.但是过去并非如此。/但过去和现在的情况不一样。此处like是介词，意为“像”。2.byadding。考查同义句的转换，由第二句句意“现在，其他东西被加进口香糖中使得它软而且甜”可知，把它变成主动语态时，此处by在这里作为介词，介词后面加doing。3.helps;stops。考查同义句的转换，间接引语变成直接引语，需要注意时态、人称和数的变化，一般现在时主语是第三人称单数，动词后要注意加-s。II.阅读下面短文，在表格内的空白处填入合适的答案(每空一词)。1.shopping/buying。第一段第一句话Mailorderisatermwhichdescribesthebuyingofgoodsorservicesbymaildelivery（邮递），告诉我们：邮购订单是一个描述通过邮递的方式购买商品或服务的术语。2.making。第一段第二句中throughatelephonecall可知“通过打电话的方式”，by后接动词的-ing形式。3.looking。由第二段的第一句话Amailordercatalogue（目录）isapublicationincludingalistofordinarygoodsfromacompany.“一张邮购订单目录是一个包含有一家公司的普通货物清单的出版物”可知，人们可以通过在目录里查询寻来选择他们想要的货物。4.China。由文章最后一句话Andnowmanycataloguers,justaswithmostretailers（零售商）,areincreasinglybuyinggoodsfromChina.可知“中国制造的物品在国外越来越流行了”。III.任务型阅读：阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。1.sadandbored。从第一段最后两句“theygetonthebus,payforitandsitorfindaplacetostandwhenitiscrowded.Everyoneseemssadandbored.”可知，乘客们的感受是悲伤而又无聊。2.watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。从第二段第二句“Forastart,filmsareshowedonthebusesbetweencitiesforpassengerstohavefunalongthejourneys.”可知，人们可以看电影，所以答案为watchamovie(movies)/seeafilm(film)。3.Thesightsandsound(onthebuses)。从第三段第一句“Evenbetterthanfilmsandmusicarethesightsandsoundsonthebuses.”可知答案。4.animals。由第四段内容可知，公共汽车上的各种动物让作者感到有趣。故填animals。5.thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)。根据文章主要描述了拉丁美洲的公共汽车之旅，故填thebustrip(journey)/trips(journeys)。【巩固练习】I.任务性阅读真题演练。I)阅读短文，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。CharlesDarwinwasascientistwhochangedourunderstandingofthenaturalworld.HeisknownastheFatherofModernBiology.Darwinspentallhislifestudyingnatureandmakingnotesaboutallthespecies(物种)hefound.Darwinwasbornin1809inEngland.Likemanygeniuseshedidn'tdowellatschoolandgotpoormarks.Hewasagoodathletethoughandlovedexploringnatureandcollectingseashells.Healsokeptdoingchemistryexperimentsandsohisclassmatesgavehimthenickname"Gas".HisfatherwasadoctorandexpectedCharlestobecomeonetoo.CharlesstartedstudyingmedicineatEdinburghUniversity,butsoongaveuphisstudiesthere.HewentontostudyreligionatCambridgeUniversityinstead.Therehestartedcollectinginsectslikebeetlesandpaidtoolittleattentiontohisstudies.In1831,attheageof22,Darwinwentonafive-yearexpeditiontoSouthAmerica,AustraliaandSouthAfricabyship.Hewasoftenseasick,butthethingshesawonthislongjourneychangedhislife.Hecollectedmanyfossilsaswellasanimalandplantspecimens.Hespenttherestofhislifestudyingwhathehadseenandhewrotemanybooks.In1839,Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,withwhomhehadtenchildren!Hewasalovingfatherandenjoyedfamilylife,whichwasalwaysmoreimportanttohimthanhisresearch.Inspiteofhavingmanyhealthproblemsthroughouthislife,Darwinliveduntilhis73.Darwin'smostfamousbookOntheOriginofSpeciescameoutin1859andsoldoutinaday.Itsaidthatalllivingthingswererelated,whichmeantthathumanbeingswerejustanotherkindofanimal.Theseideaswerenotpopularatfirst,butnowmostpeopleagreewiththemandadmireDarwinasabrilliantscientist.1.Darwinwasaandhadgreatinterestsinexploringnaturethoughhewas_____work.2.AtEdinburghUniversity,Darwinsoongaveuphisstudybecausehe________.3.Darwincameupwith_______afterthelongjourney,andwhathesawontheway_______.4.Accordingtothearticle,Darwinlovedhisfamilyverymuchandhehad_______.5.Atfirst,Darwin'snewideasabouthumanbeings________.II)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday.ThedayafterithasbeenknownasBlackFriday.Itisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason,andithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearintheUSsince2005.MoststoresofferbigsalesonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsquiteearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts(打折).Someitems(商品)likeTVsandclothsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogoshopping.However,thereareproblem.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlow-priceditems.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsareingreatneed,sopeoplestandinlonglinestogetthem.Theymaywaitthreetofourhoursbeforeastoreopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorcomputer,butnoteverybodycangetone.Somepeopleleave,disappointed.Thesituationmakespeopleworried.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeencrazy.Therehavebeenfightsovertoysamongshoppers.Someworkershaveevenbeenhurtbylargecrowds.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplantogo,youwillexpectlargecrowdsandabitofpushing.Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday”comefrom?ItwasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitcaused.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtospreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFridayevents.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheUK,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InMexico,storesofferaweekendofdiscountseveryyear.Theycallit“ElBuenFin”,whichmeans“thegoodweekend”inSpanish.Iguesspeopleeverywhereliketobuythingsonsale.1.IsBlackFridaythestartoftheholidayshoppingseason?___________________________________________________________2.WhatisthebiggestproblemwithBlackFriday?___________________________________________________________3.Howlongmaypeoplehavetowaitbeforeastoreopens?____________________________________________________________4.Wherewasthename“BlackFriday”firstusedinthe1950s?____________________________________________________________5.WhydopeoplelikegoingshoppingonBlackFriday?________________________________________________________II.任务性阅读综合演练。1．阅读下面的短文.并根据短文后的要求答题。Since1850,thetemperatureofEarth’ssurfacehasincreasedabout0.6°C.Scientistspredictitmaywarmmuchmorebytheendofthiscentury.Who’sturninguptheheat?Well,itseemsthatweare!Someofthisglobalwarmingmaybenatural.However,nearlyallscientistsnowagreethatmostofitisduetopeoplesactions.Overthepast150years,we'veaddedhugeamountsofcertaingases,especiallycarbondioxide（CO2）totheair.ThesegasescankeepheatnearEarth'ssurface,somorecarbondioxidemeansmoreheatiskeptnearEarth'ssurface.Globalwarmingmaychangetheweatherinwaysthatleadtomoreseverestorms,floodsanddroughts.Weaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especiallyfossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareenergysourcesformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedmillionsofyearsago.Coal,oil,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.PeopleintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesstartedbuntinglargeamountsoffossilfuelsmorethanacenturyago.Theamountoffossilfuelsbeingburnedeachyearhasbeenincreasingworldwide.Themoreweburn,.Whatcanwedotohelp?Nowadaystolivealow-carbonlifeisquitepopularintheworld.Low-carbonmeanstoreducetheamountofcarbondioxide.Savingenergyandreusingarethekeywords.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakeourliveslow-carbon.1）Whatproblemcanglobalwarmingcause?（根据短文内容回答问题）2）Whatarefossilfuels?（同上）3）请将第一段中的划线句子翻译成汉语。4）请根据第二段内容，将最后一个句子补充完整。Themorewebum，_____________________________________________.5）请写出日常生活中的一种“低碳”行为（用英语写一个句子）。2．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后1～5小题中句子空白处填入适当的词语或句子。Weknowthatmanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace.Birds,fishandotheranimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplaceatacertaintime.Theymovefordifferentreasons:mostofthemmovetofindfoodmoreeasily,butothersmovetogetawayfromplacesthataretoocrowded.Whencoldweathercomes,manybirdsmovetowarmerplacestofindfood.Somefishesgivebirthinwarmwaterandmovetocoldwatertofeed.Themostfamousmigrationisprobablythemigrationoffish,whichiscalled“salmon”(鲑鱼).Thisfishisborninfreshwaterbutittravelsmanymilestosaltwater.Thereitspendsitslife.Whenitisold,itreturnstoitsbirthplaceinfreshwater.Thenitgivesbirthanddies.InnorthernEurope,thereisakindofmouse.Theyleavetheirmountainhomeswhentheybecometoocrowded.Theymovedowntothelowland.Sometimestheymoveallthewaytotheseaside,andmanyofthemarekilledwhentheyfallintothesea.Recently,scientistshavestudiedthemigrationofakindoflobster(龙虾).Everyyear,whentheseasonofthebadweatherarrives,thelobstersgetintoalonglineandstarttowalkacrosstheflooroftheocean.Nobodyknowswhytheydothis,andnobodyknowswheretheygo.So,sometimesweknowwhyhumansandanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplace,butatothertimeswedon’t.Maybelivingthingsjustliketotravel.1.Thereasonformostoftheanimalstomoveis_____________________.2.Findthewordinthepassagewhichmeans“themovementfromoneplacetoanotherofalargegroupofanimals”andwriteitdownhere__________.3.Theunderlinedword“There”inthesecondparagraphrefersto(指的是)____________.4.Thesalmoncomesbacktoitsbirthplaceinorderto____________.5.Thelobstersbegintomovetoanotherplacewhen_____________.3.请分别为下面四则谚语和相应的寓意搭配，并把序号A、B、C、D填在相应的位置。1)It’snevertoolatetolearn.________________2)Acranestandingamidstaflockofchickens._________________3)Theearlybirdcatchestheworm._________________4)Playaharpbeforeacow._________________5)Abookholdsahouseofgold._________________A.Thisproverbmeansthatyoudosomethinguseless.B.Thisproverbmeansthatsomeoneisthebestofall.C.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed.D.Thisproverbmeansthatthere’remanythingstolearnnomatterhowoldyouare.E.Thisproverbmeansthatifyoudosomethingearlyorbeforeothers,youwillhavemorechancesandbesuccessful.4.阅读短文，把后面所给句子放在短文的适当位置，使短文意思完整。GivingdirectionsindifferentplacesIfyouaskpeopleofdifferentcountries“Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?”Youwillgetdifferentanswers.InJapan,peopleuselandmarks(路标)insteadofstreetnames.Forexample,theJapanesewillsaytotravelers,“Gostraightdowntothecorner.1)_______________.Thepostofficeisacrossfromthebusstop.”InKansas,America，therearenotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Soinsteadoflandmarks,peoplewilltellyoudirectionsanddistance.Forexample,peoplewillsay,“Gonorthtwomiles.2)_______________.”PeopleinGreecesometimesdonoteventrytogivedirections.Theywilloftensay,“Followme.”3)_______________.Sometimesifapersondoesn’tknowtheanswertoyourque