2023年12月英语六级真题及参考答案

2023年12月英语六级真题及参考答案

英语六级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。

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第一套

[SectionA]

Conversation1

M:Hello,Doctor.

W:Hello,pleasetakeaseat.Ihaveyourtestresultshere,andit'sgoodnews.Thebloodtestcame

backclear.Thereisnoindicationofanydigestiveissues.

M:Sothen,whydoIfeelsopoorlyallthetime?

W:Itsprobablyduetooverworkandstress.

M:No,itcan'tbe.I'vealwaysbeenworkinghard,butPveneverfeltstress.Otherpeoplesuffer

andcomplainaboutthat,butIdon't.Itmustbesomethingelse.

W:Whatyouhavejustdescribedisacommonsentiment.Manypeoplewhosufferfromstressfail

torecognizeit.Youtoldmeyouoftenworklongintothenight,right?

M:Yes,mostdaysinfact.ButI'vebeendoingthatforabout20yearsnow.

W:Thatdoesn'tmatter.Youcouldhavebeensufferingfromstressfor20yearswithoutknowingit.

Andnowit*scatchinguptoyou.

M:Butwhataboutmyfeelingtiredallthetime,andnotbeingabletosleepwellatnight?

W:Thosearecommonconsequencesofstress.Andifyoudon'tsleepwell,thenofcourseyouwill

feelfatigued.I'mgoingtoprescribesomespecialsleepingpillsforyou.Theyhaveasoft,gentle

effect,andaremadefromnaturalingredients.Soyourstomachshouldtoleratethemfine,and

thereshouldn'tbeanynegativesideeffects.Takeonewithyourdinner,andcomeseemeaftera

month.Ifthereisnoimprovement,I'llgiveyousomethingstronger.

M:Thankyou,Doctor.

W:That'snotall.Youshouldtryandworkless.Isthereanywayyoucandecreaseyourworkload?

M:Um,I'dhavetothinkaboutit.I'marestaurantmanager,andthisindustryisverycompetitive.

Therearemanythingstokeeptrackofandstayontopof.

W:Irecommendyouthinkaboutdelegatingsomeresponsibilitiestosomeoneelse.I'mnotasking

youtoretire,justtoslowdownabit.It'sforyourownhealth.

题目

QI:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromhistestresults?

Q2:Whatdoesthewomanthinkisacommonphenomenonamongmanypeople?

Q3:Whatdoesthewomansayshewilldofortheman?

Q4:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheindustryheisengagedin?

Conversation2

W:TodayonPeopleintheNews,ourguestisJohnWilliams.Thenamemaynotsoundfamiliarto

you,butJohnwasonceanacclaimedbasketballplayer.John,youstunnedfansbyleavingthe

sportatjust25.Whydidyouretiresoearly?

M:Meg,Ilovedbeinganathlete,butIdidn'tlovebeingacelebrity.IwasinthelimelightwhenI

wasstillahighschoolstudent,andwentprofessionalrightafterhighschoolgraduation,which

wasamistake.Iwasashykid,andIwasn'treadyforallthemediaattention.

W:Butwalkingawayfrommillionsofdollarsattheheightofyourcareer?Mostpeoplewouldn't

beabletoresistthelureofsuchahighsalary.Whenyouleftthesport,therewasspeculationthat

youwerehavingissueswithyourteammates,orevenaninjury.

M:Notatall.Itwashardtoquit.Iwastemptedtostayinthegame,becauseIlovedbasketball,

andIlovedmyteam.Asformoney,Iturnedprofessionalat18,soI'dactuallyearnedalotand

savedmostofit,becauseIhadgreatfinancialadvisors.Iknewbasketballwasn'tacareerwitha

lotoflongevityformostplayers.SoIwantedtochangecareerswhileIwasstillyoung.

W:Okay,thatwas20yearsago,andyou'rebackinthenews.You'vecreatedafoundationthat

workstogetmorekidsplayingteamsports.Why?

M:Iwenttouniversity,andIstudiedpublichealthandlearnedabouttheseriousnessofthe

obesityepidemic,particularlyamongkidsandadolescentsinpoorcommunities.I'vespentthelast

twodecadestryingtoalleviatetheproblem.TheFoundationisjustthelatestattempt.

W:TheFoundationusesprivatedonationstosupportbasketballteamsforgirlsandboysin

primaryschool,right?

M:Actually,wesupportteamsforsecondaryschoolstudents,too.Andalsohassomepublic

funding.

题目

Q5:WhydidJohnWilliamsleavethesportofbasketballatjust25?

Q6:Whatdoesthemansayaboutbasketballasacareerformostplayers?

Q7:WhatdowelearnfromthewomanaboutJohnWilliams20yearslater?

Q8:Whathasthemanspentthelasttwodecadestryingtodo?

[SectionB]

Passage1

KateAtkinsonwasborninYork,Englandin1951.Sheworkedhardtogainhercredentialsasan

author.ShestudiedEnglishliteratureatUniversityinScotland.Aftergraduatingin1974,she

researchedadoctorateonAmericanliterature.Later,shetaughtattheuniversityshegraduated

from,andbeganwritingshortstoriesin1981.Shebeganwritingforwomen'smagazinesafter

winningthe1986Women'sOwnShortStoryCompetition.Herfirstnovel,BehindtheScenesat

theMuseum,wonthe1995UKBookoftheYearaward.ThebookissetinYorkshireandhasbeen

adaptedforradio,theatre,andTV.ShehaswrittentwoplaysforatheatreinEdinburgh.Thefirst

wascalledNiceandthesecond,Abandonment,performedaspartoftheEdinburghFestivalin

August2000.WhatevergenreAtkinsonwritesin,herbookstouchonthethemesofloveandloss

andhowtocarryon.Theyarealwayspresentedwithingenuityandawickedsenseofhumor.Her

bookstendtobepopulatedbyodd,sometimessinful,andgenerallyflawedeccentricswhobecome

crediblebyvirtueofbeingsofullyrealized.Herbookshavefrequentlybeendescribedas

comediesofmanners.Thatistosay,comediesthatrepresentthecomplexandsophisticatedcode

ofbehaviorcurrentinfashionablecirclesofsociety.Whereappearancescountmorethantrue

moralcharacter.Acomedyofmannerstendstorewarditscleveranddeceitfulcharacters,rather

thanpunishtheirbaddeeds.Thehumorofacomedyofmannersreliesonverbalwitandplayful

teasing.

题目

Q9:WhendidKateAtkinsonbegintowriteforwomen'smagazines?

Q10:WhatdidKateAtkinson'sbookstouchon?

Qll:Whatdowelearnaboutthecleveranddeceitfulcharactersinacomedyofmanners?

Passage2

Whyisadaptabilityanimportantskilltoexerciseintheworkplace?Simplyput,adaptabilityisa

skillemployersareincreasinglylookingfor.Whenyouspendtimelearninganewtaskratherthan

resistingit,yourproductivitygoesup.Youcanalsoserveasanexampletoyourco-workerswho

maybehavingtroubleadapting,andcanhelpleadyourteamforward.Strategyconsultant,Dori

Clark,explainsittousthisway.I'dsaythatadaptabilityisanimportantskillintheworkplace

because,frankly,circumstanceschange.Competitorsintroducenewproducts,theeconomymight

enterarecession,customerpreferencesdifferovertime,andmore.Ifyoushakeyourfistatthe

skyandsaywhycan'titstaythesame,that*snotgoingtodoverymuchgood.Instead,youneedto

recognizewhencircumstanceshavechanged.Soyoucantakeappropriateactionbasedonwhatis,

ratherthanhowyouwishtheworldwouldbe.Thatenablesyoutomakemoreaccurateinformand

effectivechoices.Also,theworkplaceitselfhasbeenevolving.Today'sworkcultureand

managementstyleisoftenbasedonteamwork,ratherthanarigidhierarchy.Brainstorming,which

requirescreativity,flexibility,andemotionalintelligence,isatypicalproblemsolvingtechnique.

Employeeswhoareunableorunwillingtoparticipatewillnoteasilymoveforwardinthe

company.Employeeswhoareflexibledemonstrateotherskillstoo.Theycanreprioritizequickly

whenchangesoccurandsuggestadditionalmodificationswhensomethingisnotworking.They

canalsoregroupquicklywhenasetbackoccurs,adaptingtothenewsituationconfidentlyand

withoutoverreacting.

题目

Q12:Whydoesthespeakersayadaptabilityisanimportantskilltoexerciseintheworkplace?

Q13:WhatdoesadaptabilityenableustodoaccordingtostrategyconsultantDoryClark?

Q14:Whatdowelearnabouttoday'sworkculturefromthepassage?

Q15:Whatareemployeeswithadaptabilityabletodowhenchangesoccur?

[SectionC]

Lecture1

Whatmakeshumansdifferentfromotherspecies?Somephilosophersargueit'smoralsorethics.

Whilesomescientistsassertit'sourgreatercognitivedevelopment,butIarguethatthemain

differenceisourdesiretocombatroutine.Thismakesbeingcreativeabiologicalmandate,aswhat

weseekinartandtechnologyissurprise,notsimplyafulfillmentofexpectations.Asaresult,a

wildimaginationhascharacterizedthehistoryofourspecies.Webuildintricatehabitats,devise

complexrecipesforourfood,wearclothesthatreflectconstantchangesinfashion,communicate

withelaboratesigns,symbols,andsounds,andtravelbetweenhabitatsonwingsandwheelsofour

owndesign.Tosatisfyourappetitefornovelty,innovationiskey.Butwhoinnovates?Now,many

people,bothlaymenandexperts,believethatonlygeniusesinnovate.ButIbelievethatinnovation

isnotsomethingthatonlyafewpeopledo.Theinnovativedrivelivesineveryhumanbrain,and

theresultingwaragainsttherepetitiveiswhatpowersthemassivechangesthatdistinguishone

generationfromthenext.Thedrivetocreatethenewisatraitofbeinghuman.Webuildcultures

bythehundredsandtellnewstoriesbythemillions.Wecreateandsurroundourselveswiththings

thathaveneverexistedbefore,whileanimalsdonot.Butwheredoournewideascomefrom?

Accordingtomany,newideascomefromseeminglynowhere,togreatminds.Fromthis

perspective,newideasarealmostlikemagic.Theycomeinaflashofinspirationtoaselectfew.

However,therealityisthat,acrossthespectrumofhumanactivities,Priorworkpropelsthe

creativeprocess.Wemaythinkofinnovationasbeingtheresultofinspirationorgenius,butit's

reallytheresultofdevelopingtheideasofothersfurther.Thishappensintechnology,whereone

inventionenablesorinspiresfurtherinventions.Andithappensinthearts,aswriters,composers,

andpainters.Usetheworkofpreviousartistsintheirownwork.Thehumanbrainworksfrom

precedent.Wetaketheideaswe'veinheritedandputthemtogetherintosomenewshape.Whatis

atruecreator?Isacreatorageniuswhomakessomethingoutofnothing?No.Creatorsaresimply

humanswhousewhattheyinheritwhoabsorbthepastandmanipulateittocreatepossiblefutures.

Thus,humansarecreatorsasaruleratherthanasanexception.

题目

Q16:Whatquestiondoesthespeakeraddressinthistalk?

Q17:Whatdoesthespeakerbelieveaboutinnovation?

Q18:Howdoesthehumanbrainworkaccordingtothespeaker?

Lecture2

[inaudible]tellyouthattheirdogsomehowknowswhenthey'reillorupset,and,accordingto

researcherswhostudydogcognition,thosepetownersareright.Dogsdoknowwhentheirhuman

companionsarehavingaroughtime.Notonlycanyourdogsensewhenyouhaveacold,but

domesticdogshaveshownanaptitudefordetectingbothmuchsmallermoodfluctuationsandfar

moreseriousphysicalconditions.

Thisisbecausedogsareextremelysensitivetochangesinthepeoplethey'refamiliarwith,and

illnesscauseschange.Ifapersonisinfectedwithavirusorbacteria,forexample,theirodourwill

beabnormal,anddogsareabletosmellthatchangeevenifahumancan't,becausedogshavea

muchmorepowerfulsenseofsmellthanhumans.

Researchershavealsofoundthataperson'smood,whichcanbeanindicatorofalargerillness,

triggersadog*ssenseofsmell.Humanemotionsmanifestphysicallyinchemicalsignalsthatare

emittedbythebody,anddogsareabletosmellthoseaswell.Beyondsmell,dogsgather

informationfromaperson*svoiceinordertosensechanges.

In2014,Researchersdiscoveredthatdogshaveanareaofthebrainsimilartooneinhumansthat

allowsthemtounderstandemotionalcuesinthetoneofaspeaker'svoice,beyondwhatthey'dbe

abletopickupfromfamiliarwordsalone.Aperson'svoicecanalsocarryindicatorsofillness.

What'snotunderstoodquitesowelliswhatdogsunderstandaboutthesechanges.

Humanssendoutlotsofcues,butwhetherdogsknowsomeofthesecuesmeanillnessisn'tclear.

Whatweperceiveasconcernonadog'spartmightbemorelikeincreasedcuriosityorsuspicion

thatsomethingiswrongwithus,andstickingclosebyisagreatwaytogathermoreinformation

aboutthesituation.

Someresearchersassertdogswillonedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosediseases.Assomedogshave

alreadydemonstratedtheabilitytodetectanassortmentofailments,includingdiabetesandcertain

typesofcancer.Butthoseresearchersconcedethafsprobablyinthedistantfuture.Fornow,

researchsuggestsdogownershipcanhaveanarrayofbenefitsinandofitself.

Keepingapetdoghasbeenshowntobolsterhealthandboostmood.Dogsalsohelppeoplerelax,

andtheycanbeaparticularcomforttothosewithchronicdiseases.

题目

Q19:Whatviewofmanydogownerswinssupportfromresearchersstudyingdogcognition?

Q20:Whycandogsdetecttheirowner'sabnormalodor,accordingtothespeaker?

Q21:Whatdoesresearchsuggest,fornow,aboutdogownership?

Lecture3

Earlierthismonth,thethinktankcalledOnwardpublishedareportAQuestionofDegree,which

arguesthatdegreesinthecreativeartsarenotgoodvalueformoney.Ministers,accordingto

Onward,shouldcrackdownoncoursesthatofferextremelylimitedvalueformoneytostudents

tenyearsaftergraduation,restrictingtheabilityofsuchcoursestorecruitnewstudents,ifthe

averagegraduateearnsbelowthestudentloanspaymentthreshold.

Courseslikescience,technology,engineering,andmath,andeconomics,wheretheaverage

graduateearnsalot,shouldbefavored.

Thereportprovidesinsightintoagovernmentreviewwhichlooksathowtoreformtechnical

educationandhowtoensurestudentsgetgoodvalueformoney.

Atfirstglance,itmightevenseemlikeOnwardhaveapoint.Accordingtotheirdata,themajority

ofcreativeartsstudentsearnlessthan25,000poundsayear,tenyearsaftergraduation.

Theaveragemalecreativeartsstudents,indeed,apparentlyearnmuchlessthantheywouldhad

theysimplynevergonetouniversity.

Thisisn'treallygoodforanyone,andit'scertainlynogoodforgraduates,whoareforcedtoendure

alifestylewheretheycanneversaveup,neverbuyahouse,neverhopetoretire.Onwardhave

identifiedarealproblem.CreativeartsgraduatesfromtopuniversitieslikeOxford,withahigh

proportionofprivatelyeducatedstudents,havefairlygoodworkprospects.

Well,40percentofallgraduates,regardlessoftheirdegree,areonlessthan25,000poundsayear,

5yearsaftergraduation.

Thissuggeststhattheproblemisn'treallytodowithspecificstudentsstudyingspecificdegrees,

butreallywiththeeconomyasawhole.Regardlessofwhatthey'vestudied,youngpeoplefindit

hardtogetahead,unlessthey'reluckyenoughtobebornwithsuccessfulparents.

Ifministerswanttomakeeducationpayforyoungpeople,theyneedtolookbeyondthehigher

educationsector,towardsthewiderworld.Therewardsthateducationgivesusarenotmeasurable.

Theyarenotalwaysinstantlyobvious,andcertainlynotalwaysdirect.Aneducationmakesyoua

differentpersonfromtheoneyouwouldhavebeenifyouhadn'treceivedit.Weneedtolookat

thevalueofeducation,notinthecontextofabankbalance,butofalife.Ifwecontinuetoallow

ourselvestobedistractedwithtalkofvalueformoney,wewillallbemadepoorerasaresult.

题目

Q22:WhatdoesOnward'sreportproposeministersshoulddo?

Q23:WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofOnward*sarguments?

Q24:WhatdowelearnaboutBritishcollegegraduatesfiveyearsaftergraduation?

Q25:WhatdoesthespeakersayactuallyaccountsfortheproblemidentifiedbyOnward?

第二套

【SectionA]

Conversation1

W:So,I'vebeenthinking,thissummer,insteadofourusualholidayrental,rd[11liketo

tryrentingacampervanandexploringabitmore.

M:Acampervan?Youmeantospendthesummerlivingoutofacar?

W:Yes,acampervan.Andno,it*snothinglikelivingoutofacar.Thesearepropervans

withfullsizebedstosleepin.Someevenhavekitchens.Thisway,wewouldn'thaveto

belockedintooneplaceduringourholiday.We'dbeabletovisitsomanymoreplaces

andtravelatourownpace.Theratesofmosthotelsandholidayhomesreallysoarinthe

summeranyway.We'dprobablysavealotofmoneyaswell.

M:⑵Ithinkmygrandfatherhadavanlikethat.Itdoesn'tsoundthatappealingtome.

W:Today*scampervansarecompletelydifferent.Thesedays,they'reequippedwithall

themoderncomforts.Fveseenquiteafewwithsolarpanelsthatprovideelectricityfor

whenyou'restopped.Thisway,[31youcanstilluseyourcomputerorchargeyour

phone.AndmostevenhaveWi-Fi,soiftheweather'snotgreat,youcouldstreamvideos.

M:I'mwarminguptotheidea.Keeptalking.

W:Loadsofpeoplearecommittingtothistrendfulltime.Checkitoutonline.Lotsof

peoplestreamvideosoftheiralternativelifestylesandactuallyearnasalary.[41Imagine

havingthatkindoffreedomtogoanywhereyouwantandworkfromanywhereinthe

world.

M:Okay,wecanconsiderit.Aslongasthebasicneedsliketoiletandshowersare

covered,I'mdefinitelyin.Doyouthinktherewillbeenoughroomformymountainbike?

Whataboutfooddelivery?Willwebeabletoordertothevan?Willtherebeenough

spaceforthedog?Wewouldn'twanttoleavehimbehind.

W:Slowdown.Gladyou'reexcitedaboutit.Let'sstartbylookingatwhat*savailable

first.

题目

QI:Whathasthewomanbeenthinkingofdoingforthissummer?

Q2:Whatdowelearnabouttheman'sgrandfatherfromtheconversation?

Q3:Whatcanmanycampervansdonowadaysaccordingtothewoman?

Q4:Whatideadoesthewomanfindattractive?

Conversation2

W:Youwantedtoseeme?

M:Yes,rilgetstraighttothepoint.-5]Overthepastmonthorso,ithasbecome

apparentthatyourperformancehasdipped.You'vebeenlatetoworkseveraltimesthese

pastfewweeks,whichisveryuncharacteristicofyou.Butwhatreallyconcernsmeis

yourcurtailedoutput.

Lately,youseemtobeconstantlyonestepbehind.What'sgoingon?

W:I'msorry,「6]I'mgoingthroughsomeunfortunatefamilyissuesatthemoment.It'sa

personalmatter,soifyoudon'tmind,Imuchpreferwedon'tgetintoit.Nevertheless,I

expectittohaveallblownoverinanothermonthorso.

M:Doyouneedsometimeoff?

W:Actually,yes.WoulditbepossibletotakethenexttwoMondaysoff?Iwas

deliberatingwhetherIshouldaskforthis,butnowthatwe'rehere.

M:Surething.Butifyouneededsomeleave,whydidn'tyouaskforitearlier?

W:I'mnotsurewhy.IguessIkindoffeltbadaskingforit.

M:Youshouldn'tfeelbadaskingforleave,especiallyifyouneedit.

W:Iknow.You*reright.I'msorry.

M:You'vebeenwithusalmostfiveyears,[7]andIpersonallyreallyvalueyour

proficiencyatyourjob.Itmakesmyjobfareasier.Inaddition,Icanassureyouthat

managementasawholealsoholdsyouinhighregard.

W:Thankyou.

M:⑻WhatIneedisforyoutobebackatyour100%.AreyousuretakingtwoMondays

offwillsuffice?

W:It'llbeenough.I'msureofit.

M:Okay,good.Sothisiswhatwe'regoingtodo.Youwilltakethosedaysoff,andI

expectthatyouwillgraduallycomebacktoyourusualself.Then,intwomonthstime,

wewillcatchupagaintoseehowyouarefaring.

W:Soundsgood.Thankyouforyourunderstanding.

题目

Q5:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheman'sdescription?

Q6:Whatdoesthewomansayshe*sexperiencingatthemoment?

Q7:Whatdoesthemansaymakeshisjobfareasier?

Q8:Whatagreementhavethespeakersreachedbytheendoftheconversation?

【SectionB]

Passage1

Therearemanyfactorsthatimpactourhealth.Theseincludeourfinances,ouremotions,

andthewaywework.Educationisonesuchfactor.-9]Researchsuggeststhathigher

levelsofeducationcanleadtobetterhealthandevengreaterlongevity.Butwhatabout

theeducationofyourpartner?Newresearchseekstoanswerthisquestion.Researchers

usedatafromalongitudinalstudy.Thedatacamefromsurveysfirstadministeredtohigh

schoolseniorsin1957.Thesurveysendedin2011.Theteamfoundthatapersonwhose

spousehadahigherlevelofeducationtendedtoreportbetterhealth.Thisremainedthe

casewhenadjustingforotherfactors,suchasparticipantsowneducation,social

background,andhealthstatusbeforeandaftermarriage.Theauthorssuggestthathigh

levelsofeducationprovidesharedsocial,intellectual,emotional,andfinancialresources.

Theseincludethingslikehigherlevelsofemotionalintelligence,particularskillsor

knowledge,ormoremoney.110]Theresearchersconcedethatanindividual'sownlevel

ofeducationisclearlyimportantfortheirhealth,buttheyassertthatindividualsalsocan

reapthebenefitsoftheirpartner'seducation.Itisnoteworthythattheeffectsvariedby

gender.Forwomen,healthwasmorecloselycorrelatedtotheirspouse'seducationthan

formen.Theteamsuggeststhismayberelatedtothetimeperiodofthestudy.「11]

Womeninthissamplehadlowerlevelsofeducationandloweroccupational

achievementsthanthemen.Theresearcher'shypothesisisthatthismadethehusband's

resourcesmorelikelytohaveasharedimpact.

题目

Q9:Whatdoesresearchsuggestaboutahigherlevelofeducation?

Q10:Whatdowelearnfromthefindingofthenewresearch?

Qll:Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthemeninthesampleofthenewresearch?

Passage2

Climatescientistspredictthatmanypartsoftheworldwillbeincreasinglyproneto

floods.112]Thisisaseriousrisktohumanlivesandproperty,sounderstandingand

accuratelyforecastingfloodrisksisakeychallengeforvulnerablecitiesaroundthe

globe.In2017,DerekRoloftisoftheVirginiaInstituteofMarineSciencestarteda

projectcalledCatchtheKing.

Itusesasmartphoneapp.tocollectthedataofordinarycitizensduringhigh

tides.113]He'llusethosedatatovalidateandimprovehismathematicalfloodingmodel

calledTideWatch.Loftusmissionistoknowwherethewatergoesbeforeitgoes

there.Butcollectingnecessarydataandthenprocessingthatinformationquicklyenough

tomakeusableforecastsisanythingbuteasy.

Accuratefloodforecastsrequireanunderstandingofthesituationontheground.Bythe

early2000s,supercomputinghadadvancedenoughthatscientistscouldintegrateweather

forecastingmodelswithsuchmeasurements.114]Buttheystilldidn'thavethecritically

importantabilitytoforecastfastmovingfloodsinrealtime.

―15]So,in2017,Loftisandcolleaguessetupagroupof28internetconnectedwater

levelsensorsthroughoutthefloodriskcommunityofNorfolk,Virginia.Thenewsensors

relayroughmeasurementsaboutwaterheightandmovementtoacomputeratthe

VirginiaInstitute.Alongwiththosesensors,hundredsoflocalcitizenstakephotosof

risingtidesandtransmitthemrealtimetotheInstitute.

Scientistshopethatthedatacollectedbythesecitizenscanhelpsharpentheabilityto

forecastexactlywhenandwheredamagingfloodswilloccur.

题目

Q12:Whatissaidtobeakeychallengeforcitiespronetofloods?

Q13:ForwhatpurposedoesDerekLoftuscollectthedataofordinarycitizensduring

hightides?

Q14:WhatdoesthepassagesayisDerekLoftusmission?

Q15:WhatdidLoftusandhiscolleaguesdotoobtaindataaboutwaterheightand

movement?

【SectionC]

Lecture1

―16]Now,it'sbecomesomethingofaritualtodebatethevalueofacollegedegree,butas

currentpopulationsurveydatashow,therehasbeenasharpdeclineinemployment

amongmenwithoutcollegedegreescomparedwiththosewhohavethem.Thisdecline

beganinthe1960sandhasbecomemoreseriousovertime.

Whathasactuallycausedthisdecline?Well,economistshavebeenworkingtoascertain

therootsofthedeclinefordecadesandhavecomeupwithseveraltheories.Onepopular

theoryisthatit'sacaseoftoolowwagesforjobsthatdon'trequireadegree.Analternate

theoryisthatthereweremorejobsnotrequiringacollegedegreeinthepastthannow.

ArecentworkingpaperfromtheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchreviewedthose

theoriesandputforwardadditionalhypothesesaboutthecausesoftheproblem.Let's

lookatthatpapernow.117]First,theresearchersconsideredtheissueofwages.Asthe

wagegaphasgrownbetweenthosewithcollegedegreesandthosewithout,economists

havesuggestedthatmenaren'tasinterestedintakingsomeofthelesslucrativejobs.

Whiletheauthorsofthepaperfoundtruthinthisexplanation,theyassertthatlowwages

can'tbetheonlyfactor,aswagesformenwithoutcollegedegrees,adjustingforinflation,

haven'tchangedmuchsincethe1960s,makingithardtoseewhyfewermenseemwilling

toacceptthosewages.

Thisleadstothesecondtheory,thatmorejobsrequireacollegedegreetodaythaninthe

past.Indeed,thattheoryseemsvalid,becauseinAmericatoday,2/3ofjobsarefilledby

workerswithatleastsomecollegeeducation.However,theauthorsofthepaperargue

thatthereareotherfactorsamplifyingtheproblem.Theyidentifiedtwonewpotential

explanations.118]Thefirstbeingthetremendousdeclineinmarriageamongmenwithout

collegedegreessincethe1960s.

Andthesecond,beingtheincreaseinwomenparticipatingintheworkforcethatwas

concurrentwiththedeclineinmarriage.Thesetwochangesmeanthatmenmightnot

havefamiliestosupport,oriftheydo,theirwivesmightbedoingmoreoftheproviding,

bothofwhichmightremovethefinancialincentivetowork.Theauthorsofthepaper

concedethatresearchonthesubjectisn'tcomplete,buttheyarguethattheirwork

supportsthevalueofacollegeeducation.

题目

Q16:Whatdoesthespeakersayhasbecomesomethingofaritual?

Q17:Whatdidtheresearchersofarecentworkingpaperconsiderfirst?

Q18:Whatdidtherecentpaperidentifyasanewpotentialexplanationoftheproblem

concerningmen'semployment?

Lecture2

Whileanincreasingnumberofpeoplearetryingtoeatlessmeat,amarketresearchteam

hasfoundinitslatestfashionandsustainabilityreportthatthetrendisnowspreading

fromkitchentoclosnt」19]Itfoundanimalwelfarecamntopofalistofissuesthatpeople

consideredbeforebuyingclothes,with42%sayingitwasimportanttothem.The

researchersoftheteampredictedthatthenextyearwouldseeaboominanimalfreeshoe

collections,sincetheyheardshoppersofallagess