句子成分分析课件-高中英语初高中衔接

句子成分分析CONTENTS句子成分分析01五大句型分析02三大句子类型03教学目标教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。定义：构成句子的各个部分主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成分04I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语主语05句子说明的人或事物，通常在句首Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Threeandthreemakessix.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.谓语05说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成IsawtheflagonthetopofthehillHelookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.复合谓语：系表结构Hisideasoundsresonable.宾语05动作的对象或承受者Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid05宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.Hegave

somebooks

to

me.Pleasepassme

thebook.Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语前加to的动词：givepassreadshowlendpostselltellofferpromisesendwriteHegave

hisprogramtothemannexttohim.Hegave

themannexttohimhisprogram.Theysent

Christmascardstoalltheircustomers.Theysent

alltheircustomersChristmascards.间接宾语前加for的动词bookbuyfindkeepbringcookgetmakeTheybookedatableforme.Theybookedmeatable.Wemade

toys

forallthechildren.Wemade

toys

allthechildren05表语表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。

连系动词be动词(am,is,are,was,were)表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)感官动词(look,smell,sound,taste，feel…)Iamateacher.Thegirlgotworried.Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.+表语05定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssisterTheswimmingpoolisbeautiful.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.05定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow05状语状语的功用：状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、让步和伴随状况等（一般放在末尾）Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.06Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Althoughitwaslate,hewentonworking.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.05补足语Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.补语主语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作或状态05同位语Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.同位语是指当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分。07英语中的句子有三大类：简单句，并列句和复合句。简单句的五种基本句型一:主＋谓二:主＋系＋表三:主＋谓＋宾四:主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾五:主＋谓＋宾＋宾补09基本句型一:主＋谓谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.(不及物动词)1.Thesunrises.2.Whocares3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly.09基本句型二：主＋系＋表1.This

is

adictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.

09基本句型三:主＋谓＋宾此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。1.Who│knows│theanswer2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.

09基本句型四:主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.

givesbsth=givesthtosb09基本句型五:主＋谓＋宾＋宾补此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:

位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.Youmakemehappy.并列句一.概念是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用分号。二.基本结构：“简单句+并列连词+简单句”Itislate；wemusthurry.Itislate,sowemusthurry.常用的连词有and,so,but,however,or(或者，否则),notonly...butalso...，either...or(不是……就是)等。如：复合句一.定义：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。主句可以独立存在；从句不能独立存在。种类：有3大类。即状语从句，定语从句和名词性从句(主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句)。WhenIgothomefromworkyesterday,(这是一句完整的话，但表达的意思不完整，不能独立存在)IwatchedTVforanhour.（主句可以独立存在，意思完整）复合句一.定义：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。主句可以独立存在；从句不能独立存在。种类：有3大类。即状语从句，定语从句和名词性从句(主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句)。WhenIgothomefromworkyesterday,(这是一句完整的话，但表达的意思不完整，不能独立存在)IwatchedTVforanhour.（主句可以独立存在，意思完整）Economicdevelopmentisnecessaryifwewanttoimprovesociety.Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.Findingandkeepingtherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeabigchallenge.如果我们想社会进步，就必须发展经济。新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。在进步与文化遗址保护之间寻找并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。Bigchallenges,however,cansometimesleadtogreatsolutions.Inthe1950s,theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods,produceelectricity,andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.Buttheproposalledtoprotests.WaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.Afterlisteningtothescientistsw